What are Genes?

Genes are the basic units of heredity in living organisms. They were discovered in the 19th century, and ever since, scientists have studied them to understand how traits are passed from parents to children.

1. What are Genes Made Of?

Genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which is a long molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

2. Structure of Genes

A gene consists of sequences of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. There are four types of nucleotides, and the order in which they are arranged determines the information encoded within a gene. You can think of nucleotides like the letters of an alphabet that combine to form words (genes) with specific meanings or functions.

3. Function of Genes

Genes have several important functions:

• Instructions for Proteins: Most genes contain the information needed to make proteins, which perform a vast array of functions in our bodies, from building tissues to executing biochemical reactions.
• Determining Traits: Genes influence many of our characteristics, such as hair color, eye color, height, and even some aspects of personality.
• Inheritance: Genes are inherited from our parents. We receive half of our genes from our mother and half from our father. This mix determines many of our traits.

4. Variation and Mutation

Not all genes are identical among individuals. Variations in genes (called alleles) can lead to differences in traits. Sometimes, genes can change due to mutations (spontaneous changes), which can result in new traits.

Conclusion

Understanding genes helps us appreciate the complexity of life and how traits are passed through generations. They are the building blocks of biology and play a crucial role in what makes us unique!