Long Multiplication Method for 8-Year-Olds: One-Digit Number on Top

Step-by-Step Guide to Long Multiplication

Long multiplication is a way to multiply larger numbers, and it’s easy when you follow the steps! Let's learn how to do long multiplication with a one-digit number on top.

Example Problem

Let’s multiply 23 (the bottom number) by 4 (the top number).

Step 1: Write the Numbers

Start by writing the 23 under the multiplication line and the 4 above it:

   4
× 23

Step 2: Multiply the One-Digit Number by Each Digit

Now, you’ll multiply the 4 by each digit of 23, starting from the right.

• First, multiply 4 by the last digit of 23, which is 3:
• 4 × 3 = 12. Write down the 2 below the line and carry over the 1 (which means you add it to the next multiplication).

   4
× 23
_____
   2  (this is from 4 × 3)
   1  (carry over)

• Next, multiply 4 by the next digit, which is 2, and add any carry-over:
• 4 × 2 = 8 plus the carry-over 1 gives us 9.

   4
× 23
_____
  92  (this is from 4 × 3 and 4 × 2)

Step 3: Final Answer

So, the answer to 23 × 4 is 92!

Practice

Now, try this on your own: What is 34 × 5? Follow the same steps!