Paragraphs 2-4 serve two main functions in the passage: they present contemporary criticisms of Earth Day (paragraph 2), then contrast those critiques by highlighting the original Earth Day's popularity and success (paragraphs 3 and 4).
Specifically, paragraph 2 lists numerous complaints from environmentalists about Earth Day, such as its short duration, corporate co-option, superficial actions, and controversial participants. This sets up the idea that despite Earth Day’s intentions, some see problems with it today.
Paragraphs 3 and 4 then remind readers of Earth Day’s powerful beginnings in 1970, noting the massive participation and the resultant major environmental laws and institutions, such as the EPA. These paragraphs highlight the impact and seriousness of the original event, implying a contrast with the criticisms mentioned earlier.
Thus, paragraphs 2-4 together develop the passage's ideas by first acknowledging the complaints against Earth Day today and then providing historical context that suggests the event was once a significant and influential movement.
Given this, the best answer choice is D. They contrast the popularity of Earth Day in 1970 with complaints about Earth Day today.