Detailed Explanation of Adverbs, Verbs, Tenses, and Punctuation for 13-Year-Old Students

1. Verbs

A verb is a word that shows an action, occurrence, or state of being. It tells us what the subject of the sentence is doing or experiencing.

Examples:

• She runs every morning.
• He is happy.
• They played soccer yesterday.

Types of verbs:

• Action verbs (show action): run, jump, write
• Linking verbs (connect subject to more info): is, am, are, was, were

2. Tenses

Tenses tell us when an action happens: in the past, present, or future.

• Present tense: Something happening now. Example: I eat an apple.
• Past tense: Something that already happened. Example: I ate an apple.
• Future tense: Something that will happen later. Example: I will eat an apple.

3. Adverbs

An adverb is a word that describes or gives us more information about a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It often answers questions like how, when, where, or to what extent.

Examples:

• She runs fast. (how does she run?)
• He arrived yesterday. (when?)
• The cat is very cute. (to what extent?)

4. Punctuation

Punctuation marks are symbols that help organize and clarify sentences so that they are easier to read and understand.

Common punctuation marks and uses:

• Period (.) – Ends a statement. Example: I like cats.
• Question mark (?) – Ends a question. Example: Are you coming?
• Exclamation mark (!) – Shows strong feeling. Example: Watch out!
• Comma (,) – Separates items in a list or parts of a sentence. Example: I bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
• Quotation marks (") – Show the exact words someone said. Example: She said, "Hello!"