Learn the basics of electricity, including what it is, how it works, and why it’s important, explained clearly for 13-year-olds.
Electricity is a form of energy that we use every day to power lights, computers, phones, and many other devices. It comes from tiny particles called electrons moving through a material, usually metal wires.
Everything around us is made of atoms, which are tiny units made of smaller parts: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Electrons have a negative electric charge and can move from one atom to another. When electrons move, they create electricity.
Electricity happens when electrons flow through a conductor, like a copper wire. This flow of electrons is called an electric current.
For electricity to work, electrons need a complete path called an electric circuit. This path moves from the power source (like a battery), through wires and devices (like a light bulb), and back to the source. If the circuit is broken at any point, electricity stops flowing.
Electricity powers almost everything in our modern lives. It lights up our homes, runs our appliances, powers computers and phones, and plays a vital role in healthcare, transportation, and communication.
Electricity is powerful but can be dangerous. Always be careful not to touch exposed wires or use electrical devices near water. If you see damaged wires or outlets, tell an adult immediately.
In short, electricity is the movement of electrons through materials that powers many important things in our daily lives. Understanding how it works helps us use it safely and wisely.