Understanding when to use each and every is important for clear and precise communication in English. Both words refer to individual items within a group, but they are used differently depending on the context. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Meaning of Each
Each refers to individual members of a group separately. It focuses more on one item at a time, emphasizing individuality within the group.
Examples:
- Each student received a textbook. (This means every single one individually got a textbook.)
- She gave each child a gift.
2. Meaning of Every
Every refers to all members of a group collectively, but it emphasizes all as a whole, considering them as a single entity. It is often used when the group is large.
Examples:
- Every student in the class passed the exam. (It means all students without exception.)
- He checks every document carefully.
3. Key Differences
- Focus: Each highlights individuals one by one, every highlights the group as a whole.
- Use with Number of Items: Each can be used with two or more items; Every is generally used when referring to three or more items.
- Form: Each can be used with singular or plural subjects depending on sentence structure; Every is always followed by a singular noun.
4. Examples Showing Differences
- Each of the two options is good. (Two options, focused individually)
- Every student in the university is required to attend the orientation. (Many students, considered as a whole)
5. Summary
Use each when you want to emphasize individuality or when referring to two or more distinct items one by one. Use every when you want to talk about all members of a group collectively, usually with three or more items, and when you treat the group as a whole.
If you keep these points in mind, you will be able to use "each" and "every" appropriately in your writing and speaking!