Answer Key and Explanations — 32 MCQs on Resources, Environment & Economy (Student age: 15)

1. Correct: D — Fuel wood
   A branch or trunk burned for heat is called fuel wood (wood used directly as a fuel).
2. Correct: B — A family visiting Vanuatu for a week to snorkel and learn about local culture
   Tourism means traveling to and staying in places outside your usual environment for leisure, recreation or learning about local culture.
3. Correct: C — Hydro-electric
   Hydro-electric energy is produced from the energy of moving water (rivers, dams) turned into electricity.
4. Correct: B — 70%
   About 70% of Earth's surface is covered by the ocean; most ocean water is salty and not directly usable for drinking or irrigation.
5. Correct: B — Rain
   Fresh water on land largely comes from precipitation (rain and snow) that fills rivers, lakes and groundwater.
6. Correct: C — Evaporation
   Evaporation is the change of liquid water into water vapor (gas) when it heats and rises into the air.
7. Correct: C — Topsoil
   Topsoil is the upper layer of soil rich in organic matter and nutrients — the most fertile layer for plant growth.
8. Correct: A — Phosphorous
   Soil contains minerals plants need. Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient (along with nitrogen and potassium).
9. Correct: A — Lower the oxygen content of the water
   Pollution from factories and sewage increases organic waste and nutrients, which can lead to oxygen being used up (low dissolved oxygen) harming aquatic life.
10. Correct: B — Vandalism
    Deliberately destroying parts of the environment or public property is called vandalism.
11. Correct: A — Breaking the notice board
    Breaking public property is a direct example of vandalism (deliberate damage). Cutting trees and polluting water are also harmful, but the clear example here is breaking a board.
12. Correct: C — Educate them through education to take care of their environment
    Education and awareness are the best long-term ways to prevent vandalism and teach people to care for the environment.
13. Correct: B — Exploitation
    When resources are overused or unfairly used, that is exploitation (not conservation).
14. Correct: C — Sunshine
    Tourist resources are features that attract visitors — sunshine (good weather, beaches) is a common tourist resource.
15. Correct: B — Smelting ore to make metal tools
    Secondary industries take raw materials (like ore) and process them into finished goods (like tools) — that is manufacturing.
16. Correct: D — Land pollution
    Mining disturbs and pollutes the land (soil erosion, waste heaps), so it is a form of land pollution.
17. Correct: A — Many thousands of cars, so they produce more exhaust fumes
    Richer countries often have many vehicles and industries that produce more air pollution and exhaust gases.
18. Correct: A — An increase in the general price of goods and services.
    Inflation means prices rise over time, reducing the purchasing power of money.
19. Correct: A — An economic activity
    Working to meet basic needs (like earning food or money) is an economic activity.
20. Correct: C — An employment
    Doing a job or working for pay is called employment.
21. Correct: C — Growing crops to feed the family
    Subsistence farming is producing food mainly to feed the farmer's family, not for sale.
22. Correct: D — Employment
    A paid occupation is called employment (you get paid for work).
23. Correct: A — Plantation production
    Large companies owning more than 50 hectares for coconut growing are running plantations (plantation production).
24. Correct: B — Extracting or taking raw materials from the environment
    Primary industry involves taking natural resources (fishing, farming, mining) — extraction of raw materials.
25. Correct: C — Cash crop
    Crops grown mainly to sell and earn money (like coconut and cocoa) are called cash crops.
26. Correct: B — Splitting the nuts
    Typical copra production steps: collect nuts, split them (to get at the white meat), remove/dry the meat (copra), then bag it. So the second stage is splitting.
27. Correct: B — Vanuatu Commodities Marketing Board
    VCMB stands for Vanuatu Commodities Marketing Board (the agency that markets agricultural commodities).
28. Correct: B — Density of population
    Counting how many people live in an area to know how crowded it is gives the population density (people per area).
29. Correct: C — South and East Asia
    Most of the world's population lives in Asia, especially South and East Asia (big countries with high populations).
30. Correct: D — Food each person eats
    In basic school terms, a Calorie is used to measure the energy value of food — often described as the amount of food energy a person eats.
31. Correct: A — Emergent layer
    The emergent layer of a forest (tallest trees sticking above the canopy) gets the most direct sunlight.
32. Correct: C — Coal
    Coal is a non-renewable fossil fuel (takes millions of years to form). Wind and hydroelectric are renewable sources.

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