Answer Key — Learning to Live in Vanuatu (16-year-old)

Complete answer key for 'Learning to Live in Vanuatu' worksheet for a 16-year-old student. Covers arranged marriage customs, cooperation vs competition, consumer cooperatives, and urbanisation with clear, short answers and explanations.

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Part III — LEARNING TO LIVE IN VANUATU

  1. In the past, how were marriages commonly arranged in some communities? Describe the custom. (1 mark)

    Families or elders negotiated matches between young people. Parents or chiefs chose partners to strengthen family or clan ties. Bride price or exchange of goods was often part of the custom, and ceremonies followed elders' approval.

  2. Give two reasons why families practised arranged marriage. (2 marks)

    i. To strengthen alliances and relationships between families or clans, keeping land and resources connected.

    ii. For social and economic stability — marriages could secure support, share labor, and respect customary obligations (like bride price).

  3. Is arranged marriage still often done today? State your opinion and give two reasons to support it. (2 marks)

    Opinion: Arranged marriage is less common today but still practiced in some communities.

    Reason 1: Modern education, urban jobs and changing values encourage love marriages and individual choice.

    Reason 2: Traditional practices persist in some areas because of cultural values, family pressure, and economic or social reasons (e.g., keeping land and alliances).

Part IV — WORKING TOGETHER

  1. Define cooperation and competition. Give an actual example of each from your daily life. (4 marks)

    i. Cooperation: Working together toward a common goal. Example: Doing a group school project where everyone shares tasks and helps each other to finish on time.

    ii. Competition: When individuals or groups try to do better than others to win or gain an advantage. Example: Competing for the top grade in a class test or playing on sports teams trying to beat the other team.

  2. What is a cooperative? (1 mark)

    A cooperative is an organisation owned and run by its members who buy shares, use its services, and make decisions democratically to meet common economic, social or cultural needs.

  3. Arrange the 7 steps describing how a consumer cooperative functions in Vanuatu from 1 to 7. (7 marks)

    Correct order with original items:

    1. ii. People buy shares and become members.
    2. vii. A committee is elected from among the members of the society.
    3. iv. The committee appoints a secretary or manager.
    4. i. A Secretary or manager operates a store.
    5. v. The store makes a profit.
    6. vi. The annual general meeting of the shareholders, committee and cooperative inspector is held. Decisions are made about how to use the profits.
    7. iii. Some of the profits are put back into the store. The rest are divided equally among the members.

Part V — LIVING IN TOWNS

Read the extract and answer questions a) to f).

  1. Define the word urbanisation. (1 mark)

    Urbanisation is the process where people move from rural areas to towns and cities, causing cities to grow in population and area.

  2. Approximately what percentage of the world’s population now lives in cities? (1 mark)

    More than 50% of the world’s population now lives in cities.

  3. Give two reasons why more than half of the Pacific population is expected to live in urban centres by 2020. (2 marks)

    (i) Increasing rural-to-urban migration — people moving to towns for jobs and services.

    (ii) High birth rates in the region, which increase urban populations over time.

  4. Explain one pull factor that attracts people from rural areas to towns or cities. (1 mark)

    Better employment opportunities: Cities often offer more and better-paid jobs, which attract people seeking income and improved living standards.

  5. Name two problems that can result from a very fast urban growth. (2 marks)

    (i) Overcrowding and shortage of adequate housing, leading to informal settlements or slums.

    (ii) Strain on infrastructure and services — poor sanitation, limited clean water, waste disposal problems and insufficient health and education services.

  6. For the above problems suggest a solution for each which would help to slow the problem down. (2 marks)

    (i) Overcrowding/housing shortage — develop affordable housing programs, enforce good urban planning and zoning, and upgrade informal settlements with basic services.

    (ii) Strain on infrastructure/services — invest in water, sanitation, waste management and public transport; expand health and education facilities; and create local jobs and training to reduce pressure on services.

End of answer key.

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