Short Answers (complete sentences)
Africa remained isolated and untouched because of its size, surface features, climate, resources, and strategic importance that protected it from easy access, and its geography kept outsiders out for a long time.
The Industrial Revolution increased European demand for cheap labor, raw materials, and new markets, which spurred competition and colonization in Africa.
European leaders said the goal of the Berlin Conference was to settle territorial disputes and avoid war by establishing ground rules for Africa's partition.
The point of Article 34 was to require any European nation that took possession of a coast or named itself a protectorate to inform signatory powers; otherwise the claim would not be recognized.
The Europeans did not consider the desires of the indigenous peoples of Africa, prioritizing their own imperial goals and control over the continent.
The effects that are still evident today include arbitrary European boundaries that divided ethnic groups and created ongoing strife within states.