Introduction
Below are clear, complete-sentence answers to the review questions. Use your notes and the slide show to guide your responses. Include your name and class period at the top when you submit.
1) In what ways did imperialism affect indigenous cultures? (¿De qué manera el imperialismo afectó a las culturas indígenas?)
Imperialism often disrupted indigenous cultures by imposing new laws, religions, languages, and education systems; it disrupted traditional social structures and economies, and sometimes led to loss of land and autonomy. However, it could also introduce new technologies and ideas, creating complex cultural changes.
2) What was a major Social Reform movement during industrialization? (¿Cuál fue un importante movimiento de Reforma Social durante la industrialización?)
A major social reform movement was the labor movement, which organized workers, formed unions, and advocated for better wages, shorter work hours, safer working conditions, and child labor restrictions.
3) How did Industrialization affect urban environments …? (¿Cómo afectó la Industrialización a los entornos urbanos?)
Industrialization led to rapid urban growth, overcrowded housing, poor sanitation, and disease. It also created new social classes and widened the gap between workers and factory owners, transforming city life.
4) The steam engine changed transportation by? (¿Cómo cambió la máquina de vapor el transporte?)
The steam engine powered locomotives and steam ships, enabling faster, year‑round transportation, connecting cities and expanding trade networks.
5) What was the main impact of the Berlin Conference on Africa? (¿Cuál fue el principal impacto de la Conferencia de Berlín en África?)
The Berlin Conference formalized the partition of Africa among European powers, leading to increased colonization and colonial borders without regard to existing cultures or political boundaries.
6) Technological advances allowed production to increase through the ideas of? (¿A través de qué ideas los avances tecnológicos permitieron aumentar la producción?)
Technological advances increased production through the ideas of efficiency, mechanization, and mechanized industry; innovations like the steam engine and railroads improved speed and scale of manufacturing and trade.
7) The Commercial Revolution changed European economics by? (¿Cómo cambió la Revolución Comercial la economía europea?)
The Commercial Revolution expanded trade, created new merchant wealth, developed banking and credit systems, and increased investment and global exchange.
8) What were the factors that enabled the Industrial Revolution to begin? (¿Cuáles fueron los factores que permitieron el inicio de la Revolución Industrial?)
Factors included abundant raw materials (like coal and iron), a strong navy and trade networks, a growing colonial empire, agricultural improvements supplying food and labor, stable government and banking, and advances in technology such as the steam engine.
9) How did women's roles change during the Industrial Revolution? (¿Cómo cambiaron los roles de las mujeres durante la Revolución Industrial?)
Women increasingly worked in factories and urban settings, contributing to wage earning and new forms of labor, which gradually influenced education, family dynamics, and social expectations, though many faced long hours and low pay.
10) What was Social Darwinism and how did it influence imperialism? (¿Qué fue el Darwinismo Social y cómo influyó en el imperialismo?)
Social Darwinism applied ideas of survival of the fittest to societies, justifying imperial expansion as natural or beneficial, and often used to rationalize domination and unequal treatment of other peoples.
11) How did European imperialism affect China in the 19th century? (¿Cómo afectó el imperialismo europeo a China en el siglo XIX?)
European imperialism pressured China through unequal treaties, spheres of influence, and economic concessions, leading to internal strife, loss of sovereignty, and modernization efforts within China.
12) What are three ways James Watt's steam engine impacted industrialization? (¿Cuáles son tres formas en que la máquina de vapor de James Watt impactó la industrialización?)
Three impacts: (1) Powered factories and mines for year‑round production; (2) Enabled steam-powered transportation (railroads and ships); (3) Increased efficiency and reduced reliance on water power.
13) What was a major effect of the Industrial Revolution on social structure? ¿Cuál fue un efecto importante de la Revolución Industrial en la estructura social?
It created a clearer divide between a growing factory-working class and factory owners, reshaping social hierarchies and contributing to new political and labor movements.
14) What role did technology play in European imperialism? (¿Qué papel jugó la tecnología en el imperialismo europeo?)
Technology provided military advantages (rifles, steam power), communication (telegraphs), and transportation (steamships, railways), enabling control over distant territories and rapid exploitation of resources.
15) Which factors contributed to Europe 's Commercial Revolution? (¿Qué factores contribuyeron a la Revolución Comercial de Europa?)
Factors included expanding trade networks, new banking and credit systems, maritime exploration, colonization, growth of towns and markets, and the accumulation of capital for investment.
16) What was the outcome of the 1884 Berlin Conference? (¿Cuál fue el resultado de la Conferencia de Berlín de 1884?)
The conference established rules for the colonization of Africa, leading to formal claims by European powers and the deliberate partition of the continent, often ignoring indigenous boundaries and cultures.
Note: If you need, I can tailor these answers to match your slide references more closely. Be sure to add your name and class period at the top of your document before submitting in Schoology.