Slavery is a system in which people are treated as property or controlled against their will, deprived of freedom, and forced to work or provide services under coercion.
Key forms of slavery
- Chattel slavery: people are owned as property and bought or sold.
- Debt bondage: a person’s labor is pledged to repay a debt; the debt grows through manipulation.
- Forced labor: people are compelled to work through threats, coercion, or abuse.
- Child slavery: children are exploited or forced to work, depriving them of schooling and safety.
- Human trafficking: recruitment, transport, or harboring of people using coercion for exploitation.
- Domestic servitude: people work in private homes under exploitative, controlling conditions.
- Servile marriage: a marriage where one party is controlled and exploited against their will.
- Sex trafficking and forced prostitution: coercion or deception for sexual exploitation.
Why slavery exists and how it evolved
Slavery has a long history across many cultures. Although most countries have abolished it, forms of coercive labor persist today in supply chains, migration, and private households.
Modern slavery and indicators
Modern slavery is illegal in most places, but it still affects millions. Common indicators include control of movement, confiscation of documents, withheld wages, threats or violence, isolation, and debt that cannot be repaid.
Legal and human rights context
International law and national laws condemn slavery. Key frameworks include the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ILO conventions, and national modern slavery acts. These laws aim to protect freedom and regulate work conditions.
Impact and why it endures
Slavery violates basic rights, harms physical and mental health, disrupts families, and undermines communities and economies. It endures where poverty, corruption, and weak protections persist.
What you can do to help
- Learn to recognize signs of modern slavery and trafficking.
- If you suspect someone is in danger, contact local emergency services or your country’s anti-trafficking hotline.
- Do not confront or attempt to rescue someone alone. Share information with professionals who are trained to help.
- Support credible organizations (e.g., Polaris Project in the U.S., ILO, UN agencies) that assist victims and advocate for reforms.
- Spread awareness and advocate for strong laws and ethical supply chains.
Glossary
Slavery: a system where people are owned or controlled, lacking freedom to leave or refuse work.
Trafficking: the recruitment and movement of people through coercion for exploitation.
Forced labor: work done under coercion, threats, or deceit.