What is Judaism?
Judaism is a monotheistic religion and culture tracing to ancient Israel, rooted in the Torah, ritual practice, holidays, and traditions shaping identity.
Core beliefs
- Belief in one God who created and sustains the world.
- A special covenant between God and the Jewish people.
- The Torah as a central guide for faith and daily life, interpreted through rabbinic tradition.
Sacred texts
The Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) is the foundational text. Jews also study the Talmud, midrash, and later writings that interpret Torah.
Practices and rituals
Key practices include daily prayers, observing Shabbat (from Friday evening to Saturday evening), and keeping kosher for some communities. Life-cycle rituals such as brit milah (circumcision), bar/bat mitzvah, weddings, and mourning rituals mark important moments.
Holidays
Major holidays include Passover (retelling the Exodus), Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Hanukkah, Sukkot, and Shavuot, each with its own meanings and customs.
Branches and denominations
Different groups range from Orthodox to Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist, differing in interpretation of law and levels of ritual observance.
History and identity
Judaism began in the ancient Near East, evolved through rabbinic scholarship, and today comprises a global people with diverse languages, cultures, and practices while sharing a common heritage.
How to explore Judaism
If you’re curious, consider visiting a local synagogue, reading beginner-friendly texts, and talking with Jewish people or community leaders to learn about beliefs, practices, and cultures in your area.