The March Revolution and Finland's Response
On March 8, 1917, the Revolution that was taking place in Russia began to influence neighboring Finland. By March 16, the Russian fleet stationed in Helsinki mutinied, signaling a shift in power dynamics in the region.
March Manifesto
The Provisional Government of Russia responded to the growing unrest by issuing the March Manifesto, which aimed to address the public outcry. This proclamation effectively canceled all earlier unconstitutional legislation enacted by the tsar's government concerning Finland. However, despite the Finns' overwhelming desire for independence, the Provisional Government did not grant this request. Instead, they allowed Finland to maintain some degree of self-governance but only limited political authority, primarily in administrative matters.
Local Power Dynamics
As political structures transitioned, actual power in Finland largely fell into the hands of local strike committees, reminiscent of the earlier 1905 Revolution. Typically, there were two dominant factions within these committees: the middle-class and the working-class, each representing distinct social interests. The civil society was polarized, and each faction formed its own militia: the Civil Guard represented the middle class, while the Red Guard comprised the working class.
Society in Turmoil
The breakdown of traditional governmental structures and law enforcement, compounded by the rise of strike committees and their respective militias, created an atmosphere of instability. The police force, which usually maintained order and administration, became ineffective during this tumultuous period. This disintegration fostered unease within Finnish society, as citizens grappled with uncertainty regarding their future and governance.
Conclusion
This period marked a significant turning point for Finland as it navigated the challenges posed by the larger revolution in Russia, leading to a stronger desire for independence and the eventual establishment of a sovereign state.