Learn about the significant events and impacts of the Civil War in Savannah, Georgia, and how it shaped the history of the area.
To understand the Civil War in Savannah, Georgia, we need to step back in time to the 1860s. The Civil War was a conflict in the United States between the Northern states (the Union) and the Southern states (the Confederacy) from 1861 to 1865. Here, we'll explore what happened in Savannah during this period.
First, let's understand why Savannah was significant. Savannah was a major port city for the Confederacy, which means it was crucial for shipping goods, including cotton and supplies. These exports helped the Southern economy during the war.
In September 1864, Union General William Tecumseh Sherman began his campaign to capture Savannah. This campaign started after he had captured Atlanta, Georgia, and he aimed to cut off supplies to the Confederacy. Sherman’s army marched through Georgia, and as they approached Savannah, they faced a strong Confederate defense.
By December 1864, Sherman had surrounded Savannah, leading to the Siege of Savannah. The Confederates, under General Joseph E. Johnston, were well-prepared, but they eventually found themselves outnumbered and trapped. After several assaults and heavy cannon fire, the Confederates decided to abandon the city to avoid destruction.
On December 22, 1864, the city of Savannah was officially taken over by Union forces. Sherman famously sent a message to President Abraham Lincoln saying Savannah was a “Christmas gift.” This victory was significant because it gave the Union control of the city and cut off important supply lines for the Confederacy.
After the war, Savannah, like many Southern cities, had to rebuild. The war changed the social, political, and economic landscape of the area. Freed African American slaves started to form communities and work towards civil rights, which laid the groundwork for future social changes.
The Civil War had a lasting impact on Savannah, Georgia. It was a turning point in how the city developed and its place in American history. By learning about this, we can better understand not only the past but also how it has shaped the present.
Key Takeaway: The siege and capture of Savannah was an important event in the Civil War, showcasing the strategic significance of the city and the larger struggle between the North and South.