Landfills are designated areas for the disposal of waste materials, primarily solid garbage. They are constructed to contain waste, preventing it from contaminating the surrounding environment. Most landfills operate by layering waste and covering it with soil or other materials to reduce odors, pests, and litter. While landfills are crucial for waste management, they can pose environmental hazards such as groundwater contamination and greenhouse gas emissions if not managed properly. Innovations such as recycling and composting aim to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills, thereby mitigating their impact on the environment.