Ohio's Learning Standards

Ohio, United States

Ohio's Learning Standards outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to acquire from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. These standards are designed to ensure all students are college and career ready, emphasizing critical thinking, problem-solving, and evidence-based reasoning.

Ohio's Learning Standards

Ohio's Learning Standards outline the knowledge and skills students are expected to acquire from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. These standards are designed to ensure all students are college and career ready, emphasizing critical thinking, problem-solving, and evidence-based reasoning.

Governing Body: Ohio Department of Education and Workforce (ODEW)

Year Adopted: 2017 (ELA/Math), 2018 (Science/Social Studies)

Grade Levels Covered

Kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, High School

English Language Arts

Kindergarten

RL.K.1 Reading: Literature

With prompting and support, ask and answer questions about key details in a text.

Key skills: Questioning, Identifying details, Comprehension
RF.K.2 Reading: Foundational Skills

Demonstrate understanding of spoken words, syllables, and sounds (phonemes).

Key skills: Phonological awareness, Rhyming, Syllable segmenting

Grade 3

RI.3.2 Reading: Informational Text

Determine the main idea of a text; recount the key details and explain how they support the main idea.

Key skills: Main idea identification, Summarizing, Evidence-based explanation
W.3.1 Writing

Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with reasons.

Key skills: Persuasive writing, Topic introduction, Reasoning

Grade 8

RL.8.3 Reading: Literature

Analyze how particular lines of dialogue or incidents in a story or drama propel the action, reveal aspects of a character, or provoke a decision.

Key skills: Character analysis, Plot development, Textual analysis

High School

RI.11-12.1 Reading: Informational Text

Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Key skills: Evidence citation, Inference, Critical analysis

Mathematics

Kindergarten

K.CC.1 Counting and Cardinality

Count to 100 by ones and by tens.

Key skills: Rote counting, Number sequencing, Base-ten foundation
K.OA.1 Operations and Algebraic Thinking

Represent addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, mental images, drawings, sounds, acting out situations, verbal explanations, expressions, or equations.

Key skills: Mathematical modeling, Addition, Subtraction

Grade 4

4.NBT.5 Number and Operations in Base Ten

Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit whole number, and multiply two two-digit numbers.

Key skills: Multi-digit multiplication, Algorithm usage, Place value
4.NF.3 Number and Operations—Fractions

Understand a fraction a/b with a > 1 as a sum of fractions 1/b.

Key skills: Fraction decomposition, Adding fractions, Subtracting fractions

Grade 7

7.RP.2 Ratios and Proportional Relationships

Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities.

Key skills: Unit rates, Graphing proportions, Constant of proportionality

High School

A1.F.IF.7 Algebra I: Functions

Graph functions expressed symbolically and show key features of the graph, by hand in simple cases and using technology for more complicated cases.

Key skills: Graphing, Function analysis, Intercepts/Extrema identification

Science

Grade 1

1.PS.1 Physical Science

Properties of objects and materials can change. Objects can be sorted by their properties.

Key skills: Observation, Classification, Change analysis

Grade 5

5.LS.1 Life Science

Organisms perform a variety of roles in an ecosystem. Populations of organisms can be categorized by how they acquire energy.

Key skills: Ecosystem roles, Food webs, Energy transfer
5.ESS.1 Earth and Space Science

The solar system includes the sun and all celestial bodies that orbit the sun. Each planet in the solar system has unique characteristics.

Key skills: Astronomical modeling, Planetary comparison

Grade 8

8.PS.2 Physical Science

Forces have magnitude and direction. The motion of an object is determined by the sum of the forces acting on it.

Key skills: Force diagrams, Net force calculation, Newton's Laws

High School

B.C.1 Biology: Cells

Cell structure and function: Plant and animal cells contain a variety of organelles that perform specific functions.

Key skills: Organelle identification, Cellular processes, Microscopy

Social Studies

Grade 2

Grade 2, CS 3 History

Biographies can show how people's actions have shaped the world in which we live.

Key skills: Historical empathy, Individual impact analysis

Grade 4

Grade 4, CS 12 Geography

The 13 colonies were established for different religious and economic reasons.

Key skills: Regional comparison, Historical causation
Grade 4, CS 19 Economics

Entrepreneurs organize productive resources and take risks to make a profit and compete with others.

Key skills: Economic reasoning, Entrepreneurship concepts

Grade 8

Grade 8, CS 20 Government

The U.S. Constitution established a federal republic, providing a framework for a national government with elected representatives, separation of powers, and checks and balances.

Key skills: Constitutional analysis, Civic literacy

High School

American Government, CS 5 Government

As the supreme law of the land, the U.S. Constitution incorporates basic principles which help define the government of the United States as a federal republic.

Key skills: Political theory, Legal analysis

Implementation Notes

Ohio's Learning Standards define 'what' students should know, but local school districts maintain autonomy over 'how' to teach (curriculum, textbooks, and methods). The state provides 'Model Curricula' and 'Instructional Supports' as optional guides for educators. Implementation emphasizes the 'Nature of Science' in science subjects and 'Historical Thinking' in social studies.

Assessment

Student progress is measured via Ohio's State Tests (OST) in grades 3-8 for ELA and Math, and in grades 5 and 8 for Science. High school students must complete End-of-Course (EOC) exams in ELA II, Algebra I, Geometry, Biology, American History, and American Government to meet graduation requirements.

About This Standard
Added:
January 13, 2026

This standard was generated using AI with grounded search to find official, accurate information. While we strive for accuracy, please verify important details with official sources.

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