A comprehensive set of K-12 academic standards designed to ensure students graduate with the knowledge and skills necessary for success in college, careers, and
South Carolina, United States
A comprehensive set of K-12 academic standards designed to ensure students graduate with the knowledge and skills necessary for success in college, careers, and citizenship. The standards align with the 'Profile of the South Carolina Graduate,' emphasizing world-class knowledge, skills, and life characteristics.
A comprehensive set of K-12 academic standards designed to ensure students graduate with the knowledge and skills necessary for success in college, careers, and citizenship. The standards align with the 'Profile of the South Carolina Graduate,' emphasizing world-class knowledge, skills, and life characteristics.
Year Adopted: 2024 (ELA), 2025 (Math), 2021 (Science), 2019 (Social Studies)
Kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, High School (9-12)
Count the number of words in a spoken sentence.
Key skills: word counting, sentence awarenessRecognize alliterative spoken words.
Key skills: alliteration, initial soundsRecognize and produce pairs of rhyming words and distinguish them from non-rhyming pairs using pictures and/or spoken words.
Key skills: rhyming, phonological awarenessCount, segment, and blend phonemes in single syllable spoken words made up of three or four phonemes and compound words.
Key skills: phoneme segmentation, blendingBlend and segment onsets and rimes of single syllable spoken words.
Key skills: onset and rime, word partsOrally identify initial, medial, and final phonemes in two- and three-phoneme (VC or CVC) words, excluding CVC words ending with /l/, /r/, or /x/.
Key skills: phoneme identification, sound positionDelete, add, and substitute the initial or final phonemes of a spoken CVC word.
Key skills: phoneme manipulation, substitutionLocate a book's front cover, back cover, title page, and where to begin reading.
Key skills: book parts, print orientationDemonstrate one-to-one correspondence by pointing to words, noting that there are spaces between words.
Key skills: one-to-one correspondence, word spacingFollow words from left to right, top to bottom by returning to the beginning of the next line, and page by page.
Key skills: reading direction, tracking printIdentify the beginning and end of a sentence by locating the capital letter and end punctuation.
Key skills: sentence boundaries, punctuationIdentify letters and words within sentences.
Key skills: letter recognition, word recognitionIdentify, name, and form all upper and lowercase letters with automaticity.
Key skills: alphabet knowledge, letter formationCompare and contrast letters based on similarities and differences, including name, shape, sound, and approach strokes for writing.
Key skills: letter comparison, visual discriminationProduce one-to-one letter-sound correspondences for each consonant with automaticity.
Key skills: consonant sounds, phonicsIdentify the vowel and produce the vowel sound in a printed syllable or word when decoding: a. in a closed syllable; b. in an open syllable.
Key skills: vowel sounds, decodingRead high-frequency words commonly found in grade-appropriate text with accuracy and automaticity.
Key skills: sight words, word recognitionRead texts orally with accuracy and expression.
Key skills: oral reading, fluencyRead texts by: a. using letter-sound knowledge to segment and blend sounds; b. decoding by analogy; c. using visuals to support decoding.
Key skills: decoding strategies, blendingIdentify and describe the main character(s), setting, and events that move the plot forward.
Key skills: story elements, character descriptionIdentify forms of figurative language to include alliteration and onomatopoeia, as well as descriptive words and rhyme in text.
Key skills: figurative language, descriptive wordsRetell familiar stories using main story elements in a literary text.
Key skills: retelling, story structureRetell familiar texts by identifying the topic and supporting details in an informational text.
Key skills: main topic, supporting detailsIdentify and explain the roles of the author and the illustrator of a story.
Key skills: author role, illustrator roleIdentify and explain the roles of the author and the illustrator in an informational text.
Key skills: author role, illustrator roleIdentify and describe the basic characteristics of literary text to include narrative, drama, and poetry.
Key skills: literary genres, text characteristicsIdentify and use text features such as titles, headings, illustrations, and/or photographs to predict and confirm the topic of informational texts.
Key skills: text features, predictionIdentify an author's opinion about a topic in an informational text.
Key skills: author's opinion, point of viewRetell a text orally to enhance comprehension: a. include main character(s), setting, and events; b. include topic and supporting details.
Key skills: oral retelling, comprehensionDetermine the meaning of known and unknown words and phrases, choosing from an array of strategies.
Key skills: vocabulary, word meaningDetermine the effectiveness of an author's use of words and phrases in literary, informational, and multimedia texts.
Key skills: word relationships, categorizationUse knowledge of morphemes to extract meaning from oral language in grade-appropriate content.
Key skills: morphemes, root wordsDescribe the relationship between visuals (e.g., illustrations, photographs) and the text.
Key skills: visual literacy, text-visual connectionAsk and answer questions (who, what, when, where, why, and how) about print and non-print sources to obtain and refine knowledge.
Key skills: questioning, information gatheringUse a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to state a topic and communicate an opinion and a supporting reason.
Key skills: opinion writing, drawing/dictatingUse a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose informative/explanatory pieces about a topic with supporting details.
Key skills: informative writing, explanatory textUse a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to narrate a single event or linked events in a logical order.
Key skills: narrative writing, sequencingForm and use complete simple sentences. When writing: capitalize the first word and 'I'; use end punctuation; use common nouns and verbs.
Key skills: grammar, sentence structureWith guidance and support, plan, revise, edit, and build on personal ideas and the ideas of others to strengthen writing.
Key skills: writing process, revisionPrint all uppercase and lowercase letters, focusing on pencil grasp, letter formation, legibility, and pacing; use appropriate spacing.
Key skills: handwriting, letter formationPresent information orally in a logical order of events using conjunctions and temporal words (e.g., before, after).
Key skills: oral presentation, temporal wordsParticipate with peers and adults in structured discussions and routines about grade-appropriate topics and texts.
Key skills: collaboration, active listeningAsk and answer questions in conversation on a topic.
Key skills: conversation skills, questioningRead and write for a variety of purposes, including academic and personal, for extended periods of time.
Key skills: sustained reading, purposeful writingAcquire, refine, and share knowledge through a variety of multimedia literacies to include written, oral, visual, digital, and interactive texts.
Key skills: multimedia literacy, knowledge sharingMake inferences to support comprehension.
Key skills: inferencing, text comprehensionCollaborate with others and use active listening skills.
Key skills: collaboration, active listeningCite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
Key skills: textual evidence, justificationCreate quality work by adhering to an accepted format.
Key skills: work quality, formattingProduce alliterative spoken words.
Key skills: alliteration, phonological awarenessRecognize and produce pairs of rhyming words and distinguish them from non-rhyming pairs in spoken words.
Key skills: rhyming, auditory discriminationDelete and add a syllable within a spoken word including compound words.
Key skills: syllable manipulation, word structureBlend and segment onsets and rimes of multisyllabic words.
Key skills: blending, segmentingDelete, add, and substitute the initial or final phonemes of spoken words.
Key skills: phoneme manipulation, phonemic awarenessRecognize the distinguishing features of a sentence (e.g., first word, capitalization, ending punctuation).
Key skills: sentence features, concepts of printIdentify the vowel and produce the vowel sound in a printed syllable or word to decode and encode words.
Key skills: vowel sounds, decodingRead a two-syllable word by breaking the word into syllables.
Key skills: syllabication, word analysisRead texts orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression.
Key skills: oral reading, fluencyIdentify and describe the main story elements, such as character(s), setting, and events that move the plot forward.
Key skills: story elements, plot analysisIdentify a central idea and supporting details in an informational text.
Key skills: central idea, supporting detailsMake connections between individuals, events, ideas, or information in a text.
Key skills: text connections, relationship analysisIdentify the narrator or speaker in a literary text.
Key skills: point of view, narrator identificationIdentify and explain the reasons an author gives to support an opinion in an informational text.
Key skills: author's reasons, opinion supportRetell a text orally and in writing to enhance comprehension, including main story elements or key details.
Key skills: retelling, summarizingUse context clues to determine the meaning of unknown words and phrases.
Key skills: context clues, vocabularyDetermine the effectiveness of an author's use of words and phrases by asking and answering questions about their meaning.
Key skills: word choice, craft analysisIdentify and use phonic patterns and inflectional morphemes that do not change the spelling of the base word.
Key skills: phonic patterns, morphemesUse visuals (e.g., illustrations, photographs) to describe the key or supporting details in a text.
Key skills: visual literacy, text detailsAsk and answer questions (who, what, when, where, why, and how) about print and non-print sources to obtain and refine knowledge.
Key skills: questioning, information gatheringWrite opinion pieces about a topic, introducing the opinion, including reasons, and providing a concluding statement.
Key skills: opinion writing, reasoningWrite informative/expository texts that name a topic, supply facts, and provide a concluding statement.
Key skills: informative writing, fact usageWrite narratives that recount two or more sequenced events, include details, and provide a sense of closure.
Key skills: narrative writing, sequencingDevelop and strengthen writing by planning, revising, and editing with guidance and support.
Key skills: writing process, revisionUse digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.
Key skills: digital publishing, collaborationPrint all uppercase and lowercase letters, focusing on pencil grasp, letter formation, legibility, and pacing.
Key skills: handwriting, letter formationDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
Key skills: grammar, language conventionsUse words and phrases acquired through talk and text, including those that signal relationships (e.g., because).
Key skills: vocabulary acquisition, connective wordsParticipate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 1 topics and texts.
Key skills: collaborative discussion, speaking and listeningRead and write for a variety of purposes, including academic and personal, for extended periods of time.
Key skills: Reading stamina, Writing stamina, Purposeful literacyAcquire, refine, and share knowledge through a variety of multimedia literacies to include written, oral, visual, digital, and interactive texts.
Key skills: Multimedia literacy, Knowledge sharing, Information acquisitionMake inferences to support comprehension.
Key skills: Inference, Textual evidence, ComprehensionCollaborate with others to broaden thinking and understanding.
Key skills: Collaboration, Active listening, DiscussionCite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
Key skills: Evidence citation, Justification, ReasoningCreate quality work by adhering to an accepted format.
Key skills: Quality work, Formatting, OrganizationDelete, add, and substitute initial, medial, and final phonemes of a spoken word up to six phonemes and say the resulting word.
Key skills: Phoneme manipulation, Phonemic awareness, Word buildingIdentify the vowel in a printed syllable or word to decode multisyllabic words with common syllable patterns and apply syllable division principles.
Key skills: Syllable patterns, Decoding, Vowel identificationDelete, add, and substitute the initial, middle, and end letter combinations in words to build or make new multisyllabic words.
Key skills: Word construction, Letter combinations, Multisyllabic wordsRead multisyllabic words by breaking the word into syllables.
Key skills: Syllabication, Word analysis, Reading fluencyDecode and encode multisyllabic words using digraphs, blends, trigraphs, vowel teams, diphthongs, vowel-r, inflectional endings, and affixes.
Key skills: Decoding, Encoding, Phonics patternsRead high-frequency words in and out of context.
Key skills: Word recognition, Sight words, AutomaticityRead texts orally and silently with accuracy, appropriate rate, expression, and intonation.
Key skills: Oral reading, Fluency, ExpressionRead texts by using letter-sound knowledge, decoding by analogy, recognizing chunks, and using context to monitor and self-correct.
Key skills: Self-correction, Decoding strategies, Context cluesDescribe the main story elements and sequence the important events.
Key skills: Story elements, Sequencing, Plot descriptionIdentify and explain the purpose of forms of figurative language to include similes, personification, and idioms.
Key skills: Figurative language, Similes, IdiomsIdentify and explain an explicit theme in a literary text.
Key skills: Theme identification, Literary analysis, Central messageIdentify and explain a central idea and supporting details in an informational text.
Key skills: Central idea, Supporting details, Informational analysisIdentify different characters' perspectives in a literary text.
Key skills: Perspective, Character analysis, Point of viewIdentify and explain an author's purpose in a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe.
Key skills: Author's purpose, Text analysis, ExplanationDescribe the basic structure of a literary text (e.g., narrative, drama, and poem).
Key skills: Text structure, Literary genres, Structural analysisExplain how basic text features contribute to meaning in an informational text; identify text structures like description and cause/effect.
Key skills: Text features, Informational structure, Cause and effectIdentify and explain an author's opinion in a text.
Key skills: Opinion identification, Author's perspective, Critical readingSummarize a text to enhance comprehension, including plot/theme for literary and central idea/details for informational texts.
Key skills: Summarization, Main idea, Key detailsDetermine the meaning of known and unknown words and phrases using context clues, reference materials, and glossaries.
Key skills: Vocabulary, Context clues, Reference skillsDetermine the effectiveness of an author's use of words and phrases by asking questions and distinguishing nuances in meaning.
Key skills: Word choice, Nuance, Word relationshipsIdentify and use phonic patterns, inflectional morphemes, and prefixes to determine the meaning of words in grade-level content.
Key skills: Morphology, Prefixes, Word meaningIdentify and explain how information gained from visuals contributes to an understanding of a print or non-print text.
Key skills: Visual literacy, Illustrations, Text supportAsk and answer questions about print and non-print sources to narrow or broaden thinking.
Key skills: Inquiry, Questioning, Research skillsSequence information from a provided print or non-print source.
Key skills: Information sequencing, Organization, Source analysisInstruction of this indicator begins in fourth grade.
Key skills: N/AInstruction of this indicator begins in fourth grade.
Key skills: N/AInstruction of this indicator begins in fourth grade.
Key skills: N/AWrite opinion pieces about a topic by introducing an opinion, providing reasons with details, and using transitions and a conclusion.
Key skills: Opinion writing, Transitions, Supporting reasonsWrite informative/explanatory pieces to establish a topic, provide information with facts and details, and provide a conclusion.
Key skills: Informative writing, Topic development, Expository skillsWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences by establishing characters/setting, sequencing events, and providing an ending.
Key skills: Narrative writing, Character development, SequencingWrite and expand grammatically correct sentences using proper capitalization, punctuation, and parts of speech.
Key skills: Grammar, Punctuation, Sentence structureImprove writing by planning, revising, editing, and building on personal ideas and the ideas of others.
Key skills: Writing process, Revision, EditingPrint all uppercase and lowercase letters and use appropriate spacing for letters, words, and sentences.
Key skills: Handwriting, Letter formation, SpacingPresent information orally to tell a story or recount an experience with appropriate facts, details, and speaking techniques.
Key skills: Oral presentation, Public speaking, Digital toolsParticipate with peers and adults in structured discussions by taking turns, responding to others, and restating ideas.
Key skills: Collaborative discussion, Active listening, Turn-takingIdentify a speaker's opinion and at least one supporting reason.
Key skills: Listening comprehension, Opinion identification, ReasoningRead and write for a variety of purposes, including academic and personal, for extended periods of time.
Key skills: Reading stamina, Writing staminaAcquire, refine, and share knowledge through a variety of multimedia literacies to include written, oral, visual, digital, and interactive texts.
Key skills: Knowledge acquisition, Multimedia literacyMake inferences to support comprehension.
Key skills: Inferencing, Text comprehensionCollaborate with others and use active listening skills.
Key skills: Collaboration, Active listeningCite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
Key skills: Citing evidence, Justifying reasoningCreate quality work by adhering to an accepted format.
Key skills: Quality production, FormattingRead a variety of texts orally and silently with accuracy, appropriate rate, expression, and intonation.
Key skills: Oral reading fluency, Silent readingRead texts by using letter-sound knowledge, decoding by analogy, recognizing chunks, generalizing phonic skills, and using context and visuals.
Key skills: Decoding strategies, Self-correctionExplain how one or more characters develop throughout the plot.
Key skills: Character development, Plot analysisIdentify and explain the purpose of forms of figurative language to include metaphor, hyperbole, and idioms.
Key skills: Figurative language, Metaphor and idiomsIdentify and explain an explicit theme in a literary text and how it is developed by key details.
Key skills: Theme identification, Key detailsDetermine and explain a stated central idea and supporting details in an informational text.
Key skills: Central idea, Supporting detailsDetermine and explain the differences between the perspectives of the characters and/or between the characters and the reader.
Key skills: Perspective, Character analysisDetermine and explain an author's purpose; identify an author's perspective on a topic.
Key skills: Author's purpose, Author's perspectiveExplain how sections of literary text build on one another and contribute to the overall structure.
Key skills: Text structure, Literary analysisExplain how basic text features contribute to meaning; identify text structures of description/list and/or cause and effect.
Key skills: Text features, Informational structureIdentify an author's claim, and explain how an author uses reasons to support that claim in an informational text.
Key skills: Author's claim, Supporting reasonsSummarize a text to include plot, theme, and key details for literary text, or central idea and supporting details for informational text.
Key skills: Summarizing, Main ideaDetermine or clarify the meaning of words using context clues and reference materials for pronunciation and precise meaning.
Key skills: Context clues, Reference materialsDetermine an author's use of words: distinguish literal/nonliteral meanings, identify real-life connections, and determine word relationships.
Key skills: Word relationships, Literal vs nonliteralIdentify and use derivational morphemes, prefixes, suffixes, and phonic patterns to determine word meaning.
Key skills: Morphology, AffixesIdentify and explain how information gained from visuals contributes to the meaning of a print or non-print text.
Key skills: Visual literacy, Textual meaningAsk and answer questions about print and non-print sources to narrow or broaden thinking about a topic for inquiry.
Key skills: Inquiry, QuestioningGroup findings from a provided print or non-print source.
Key skills: Organizing research, Grouping findingsWrite opinion pieces: introduce topic, state opinion, include reasons with details, use transitions, and provide a conclusion.
Key skills: Opinion writing, Argument structureWrite informative pieces: introduce topic, develop with facts/details, group information, use transitions, and provide a conclusion.
Key skills: Informative writing, Expository structureWrite narratives: establish setting, introduce characters, sequence plot with temporal words, and use descriptions of actions/feelings.
Key skills: Narrative writing, Plot sequencingWrite grammatically correct sentences and paragraphs using standard English conventions, capitalization, punctuation, and grammar rules.
Key skills: Grammar, ConventionsImprove writing by planning, revising, editing, and building on personal ideas and the ideas of others.
Key skills: Writing process, RevisionWrite in cursive all uppercase and lowercase letters.
Key skills: Cursive writing, PenmanshipPresent information orally using appropriate speaking techniques and digital tools to enhance communication.
Key skills: Oral presentation, Speaking skillsParticipate in structured conversations: listen actively, ask/respond to questions, and reflect upon ideas expressed.
Key skills: Collaborative discussion, Active listeningIdentify a speaker's claim and at least one supporting reason.
Key skills: Listening comprehension, Identifying claimsRead and write for a variety of purposes, including academic and personal, for extended periods of time.
Key skills: Reading stamina, Writing purposeAcquire, refine, and share knowledge through a variety of multimedia literacies to include written, oral, visual, digital, and interactive texts.
Key skills: Multimedia literacy, Knowledge sharingMake inferences to support comprehension.
Key skills: Inference, ComprehensionCollaborate with others and use active listening skills.
Key skills: Collaboration, Active listeningCite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
Key skills: Citing evidence, Justifying reasoningCreate quality work by adhering to an accepted format.
Key skills: Quality work, FormattingRead a variety of texts orally and silently with accuracy, appropriate rate, expression, and intonation.
Key skills: Fluency, Oral readingExplain how setting and conflict cause characters to change and how conflict(s) contributes to plot development.
Key skills: Character change, Plot developmentDetermine and explain how figurative language impacts meaning and contributes to the reader's experience.
Key skills: Figurative language, Meaning analysisIdentify and explain an explicit or implied theme and how it is developed by key details in a literary text.
Key skills: Theme identification, Detail analysisIdentify and explain a stated or implied central idea and how it is developed by supporting details in an informational text.
Key skills: Central idea, Supporting detailsCompare and contrast the point of view from which different stories are narrated, including first and third person; explain how characters' perspectives impact a text.
Key skills: Point of view, Character perspectiveDetermine and explain how an author's purpose is conveyed through the author's perspective in informational texts.
Key skills: Author's purpose, PerspectiveCompare and contrast the structural elements of literary texts (e.g., narratives, dramas, and poems).
Key skills: Structural elements, Genre comparisonExplain how basic text features contribute to meaning; identify text structures of problem/solution, chronological, and/or compare/contrast.
Key skills: Text features, Text structureExplain an author's use of reasons and evidence to support a claim(s) in an informational text.
Key skills: Reasons and evidence, Claim supportSummarize a text to enhance comprehension, including plot/theme for literary and central idea/supporting details for informational texts.
Key skills: Summarization, Key detailsDetermine or clarify the meaning of words using context clues, reference materials, and background knowledge.
Key skills: Vocabulary strategies, Context cluesDetermine an author's use of figurative and technical language; distinguish literal/nonliteral meanings and demonstrate knowledge of word relationships.
Key skills: Word relationships, Literal vs nonliteralIdentify and use common Greek and Latin roots, base words, and affixes to determine the meaning of words.
Key skills: Morphology, Greek and Latin rootsDetermine and explain how visuals and/or multimedia elements contribute to the meaning of a print or non-print text.
Key skills: Visual analysis, Multimedia meaningConduct short research for inquiry by generating a question about a topic and examining a provided source.
Key skills: Research inquiry, QuestioningDetermine the credibility of a provided source.
Key skills: Source credibility, EvaluationDetermine which information is relevant to the topic.
Key skills: Relevance, Information selectionGroup related findings.
Key skills: Organization, Data groupingCite sources to avoid plagiarism.
Key skills: Citing sources, Academic integrityWrite arguments to make a claim about a topic, introducing the topic, providing reasons with facts, and grouping ideas logically.
Key skills: Argument writing, Claim supportWrite informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic, developing it with facts, definitions, and precise language.
Key skills: Informative writing, Topic developmentWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using dialogue, descriptive language, and sensory details.
Key skills: Narrative writing, Descriptive techniquesWrite grammatically correct compositions using a variety of sentence types, proper capitalization, and correct punctuation.
Key skills: Grammar, ConventionsImprove writing by planning, revising, editing, and building on personal ideas and the ideas of others.
Key skills: Writing process, RevisionDemonstrate fluent and legible cursive writing skills.
Key skills: Cursive writing, LegibilityPresent information orally using appropriate speaking techniques and digital tools to enhance communication.
Key skills: Oral presentation, Speaking techniquesParticipate in structured discussions, listening actively, asking/responding to questions, and reflecting on ideas.
Key skills: Collaborative discussion, Active listeningIdentify and explain a speaker's claim(s) and supporting reasons and evidence.
Key skills: Listening comprehension, Evaluating claimsRead and write for a variety of purposes, including academic and personal, for extended periods of time.
Key skills: sustained reading, sustained writingAcquire, refine, and share knowledge through a variety of multimedia literacies to include written, oral, visual, digital, and interactive texts.
Key skills: multimedia literacy, knowledge sharingMake inferences to support comprehension.
Key skills: inferencing, reading comprehensionCollaborate with others and use active listening skills.
Key skills: collaboration, active listeningCite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
Key skills: citing evidence, logical reasoningCreate quality work by adhering to an accepted format.
Key skills: work quality, formattingRead a variety of texts orally and silently with accuracy, appropriate rate, expression, and intonation.
Key skills: reading fluency, oral readingAnalyze how setting, characters, and conflict impact plot development.
Key skills: plot analysis, literary elementsAnalyze how figurative language impacts meaning and contributes to the reader's experience.
Key skills: figurative language, literary analysisExplain the development of an explicit or implied theme over the course of a literary text.
Key skills: theme development, literary analysisExplain the development of a stated or implied central idea over the course of an informational text.
Key skills: central idea, informational analysisExplain how the point of view influences how events are described and how an author reveals characters' perspectives.
Key skills: point of view, perspectiveCompare and contrast a primary account and a secondary account of the same event or topic.
Key skills: primary sources, secondary sourcesExplain how a sequence of paragraphs, chapters, scenes, or stanzas fit together to provide the overall structure.
Key skills: text structure, literary structureCompare and contrast how text features and/or structures contribute to the overall meaning in informational texts.
Key skills: text features, informational structureDetermine an author's argument and trace its development while identifying claims, reasons, and evidence.
Key skills: argument analysis, tracing claimsSummarize a text to enhance comprehension, including plot/theme for literary and central idea for informational.
Key skills: summarizing, paraphrasingDetermine or clarify the meaning of words using context clues and reference materials.
Key skills: context clues, reference materialsDetermine an author's use of figurative and technical language and demonstrate knowledge of word relationships.
Key skills: word relationships, technical languageIdentify and use knowledge of affixes and Greek and Latin roots to determine word meanings.
Key skills: affixes, rootsCompare and contrast a print format of a text to a non-print format, explaining each media's portrayal.
Key skills: media comparison, multimedia analysisWrite arguments to make a claim about a topic using reasons, facts, logical grouping, and transitions.
Key skills: argumentative writing, claim developmentWrite informative texts to examine a topic and convey ideas clearly using facts, definitions, and structure.
Key skills: informative writing, expository writingWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using dialogue, description, and pacing.
Key skills: narrative writing, storytellingUse standard English grammar and conventions, including capitalization, commas, colons, and verb tenses.
Key skills: grammar, conventionsImprove writing by planning, revising, editing, and building on personal and others' ideas.
Key skills: writing process, revisionDemonstrate fluent and legible cursive writing skills.
Key skills: cursive writing, handwritingPresent information orally using appropriate speaking techniques and digital tools.
Key skills: oral presentation, speaking skillsEngage in focused conversations, building on others' ideas and reflecting on diverse perspectives.
Key skills: collaborative discussion, active listeningDetermine if a speaker's argument is effective by identifying claims and supporting evidence.
Key skills: listening comprehension, evaluating argumentsConduct short research for inquiry by generating questions and consulting print and multimedia sources.
Key skills: research, inquiryDetermine the credibility of the source(s) consulted and use the most credible source(s).
Key skills: source credibility, evaluationDetermine which information is relevant to the topic.
Key skills: relevance, information selectionLogically group related findings.
Key skills: organization, data groupingCite sources to avoid plagiarism.
Key skills: citation, academic integrityRead and write for a variety of purposes, including academic and personal, for extended periods of time.
Key skills: Reading stamina, Writing staminaAcquire, refine, and share knowledge through a variety of multimedia literacies to include written, oral, visual, digital, and interactive texts.
Key skills: Multimedia literacy, Knowledge sharingMake inferences to support comprehension.
Key skills: Inference, Textual evidenceCollaborate with others to build on ideas and to express their own clearly and persuasively.
Key skills: Collaboration, PersuasionCite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
Key skills: Citing evidence, JustificationCreate quality work by adhering to an accepted format.
Key skills: Formatting, Quality productionBuild upon and continue applying previous learning regarding the organization and basic features of print.
Key skills: Print concepts, Text organizationBuild upon and continue applying previous learning regarding spoken words, syllables, and sounds.
Key skills: Phonological awareness, Auditory processingBuild upon and continue applying previous learning regarding grade-level phonics and word analysis skills.
Key skills: Phonics, Word analysisRead with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.
Key skills: Reading fluency, AccuracyAnalyze how specific events and descriptive details develop the plot, reveal aspects of the characters, and/or create meaning.
Key skills: Plot analysis, CharacterizationExplain how figurative language impacts mood, tone, and meaning.
Key skills: Figurative language, Mood and toneAnalyze how key details contribute to the development of a theme(s) over the course of a literary text.
Key skills: Theme development, Detail analysisAnalyze how supporting details contribute to the development of a central idea(s) over the course of an informational text.
Key skills: Central idea, Supporting detailsDetermine and explain the impact of multiple narrators or shifts in points of view and/or perspective.
Key skills: Point of view, PerspectiveAnalyze a primary and secondary account of the same event or topic and how the different perspectives impact the content and style.
Key skills: Primary/secondary sources, Comparative analysisAnalyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of a literary text.
Key skills: Text structure, Literary elementsAnalyze how a particular section fits into the overall structure of an informational text.
Key skills: Informational structure, Section analysisTrace the development of an author's argument while identifying types of reasoning and rhetorical appeals (ethos, pathos, logos).
Key skills: Argument tracing, Rhetorical appealsSummarize and/or paraphrase content from grade-level text to enhance comprehension.
Key skills: Summarizing, ParaphrasingDetermine or clarify the meaning of known, unknown, and multiple meaning words and phrases using context and reference materials.
Key skills: Context clues, Reference skillsInterpret an author's use of figurative, connotative, and technical language; interpret figures of speech and distinguish connotations.
Key skills: Word nuances, ConnotationApply knowledge of affixes and Greek and Latin roots to determine new and/or clarify precise meanings of words.
Key skills: Morphology, Root wordsAnalyze a text or subject presented through multimedia formats and explain how each media's portrayal impacts the audience.
Key skills: Multimedia analysis, Audience impactConduct short and more sustained research for inquiry by generating questions and using print and multimedia sources.
Key skills: Inquiry, Research questionsDetermine the credibility of one or more sources consulted and use the most credible source(s).
Key skills: Source credibility, EvaluationDetermine which source(s) and/or information is relevant to the topic.
Key skills: Relevance, Information selectionLogically organize findings.
Key skills: Organization, Data synthesisCite sources to avoid plagiarism.
Key skills: Citation, Academic integrityWrite arguments to support a claim with clear reasons and relevant evidence, acknowledging alternative perspectives.
Key skills: Argumentative writing, Claims and evidenceWrite informative texts to examine a topic and analyze information from one or more sources.
Key skills: Informative writing, Topic developmentWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences, memories, or ideas using effective techniques and structured sequences.
Key skills: Narrative writing, Plot structureUse the rules of and make intentional decisions about standard English grammar and conventions when writing.
Key skills: Grammar, PunctuationImprove writing by planning, editing, and considering feedback from adults and peers and revising for clarity of content.
Key skills: Revision, EditingWrite independently and legibly for a variety of tasks and purposes (Standard not directly addressed after grade 5).
Key skills: Independent writing, LegibilityPresent information orally to report on a topic, present an opinion, or tell a story, sequencing ideas logically.
Key skills: Oral presentation, Speaking techniquesEngage in structured conversations and collaborations about grade appropriate topics and texts.
Key skills: Collaborative discussion, Active listeningRead and write for a variety of purposes, including academic and personal, for extended periods of time.
Key skills: sustained reading, purposeful writingAcquire, refine, and share knowledge through a variety of multimedia literacies to include written, oral, visual, digital, and interactive texts.
Key skills: multimedia literacy, knowledge sharingMake inferences to support comprehension.
Key skills: inferencing, text comprehensionCollaborate with others and use active listening skills.
Key skills: collaboration, active listeningCite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
Key skills: citing evidence, justifying reasoningCreate quality work by adhering to an accepted format.
Key skills: quality production, formattingAnalyze how lines of dialogue, specific events, or descriptive details develop the plot, reveal aspects of the characters, and/or create meaning.
Key skills: plot analysis, character developmentAnalyze how figurative language impacts mood, tone, and meaning.
Key skills: figurative language, mood and toneCompare two or more themes within a literary text(s) and how each is developed over the course of a text(s).
Key skills: theme comparison, literary analysisCompare two or more central ideas within an informational text(s) and how each is developed over the course of a text.
Key skills: central idea comparison, informational analysisExplain the influence of a narrator(s), including an unreliable narrator(s), and/or narrative shifts in point of view; and analyze how an author uses point(s) of view to develop and contrast perspectives.
Key skills: point of view, perspective analysisDetermine an author's perspective or purpose in a text and determine how an author uses rhetoric to advance that perspective or purpose.
Key skills: author's purpose, rhetorical analysisAnalyze how the structure of a literary text (e.g., narrative, drama, poem) contributes to its meaning.
Key skills: literary structure, meaning constructionExplain how the structure of individual text sections and/or text features convey an author's purpose in an informational text.
Key skills: text structure, informational featuresTrace the development of an author's argument while explaining the types of reasoning and/or the rhetorical appeal of ethos, pathos, or logos in an informational text.
Key skills: argument tracing, rhetorical appealsSummarize and/or paraphrase content from grade-level text to enhance comprehension.
Key skills: summarizing, paraphrasingDetermine or clarify the meaning of known, unknown, and multiple-meaning words and phrases using context, background knowledge, and reference materials.
Key skills: vocabulary strategies, context cluesInterpret an author's use of figurative, connotative, and technical language and distinguish between connotations of words with similar denotations.
Key skills: word nuances, connotation analysisApply knowledge of affixes and Greek and Latin roots to determine new and/or clarify precise meanings of words and phrases.
Key skills: morphology, root word analysisEvaluate a text or subject presented through multimedia formats and analyze how each media's portrayal impacts the audience.
Key skills: multimedia evaluation, audience impactConduct short and more sustained research by generating questions and using a variety of print and multimedia sources to refine the scope of inquiry.
Key skills: research inquiry, source selectionDetermine the credibility of one or more sources consulted and use the most credible source(s).
Key skills: source credibility, evaluating sourcesDetermine which source(s) and/or information is relevant to the topic.
Key skills: relevance, information filteringLogically organize findings.
Key skills: organization, data synthesisCite sources to avoid plagiarism.
Key skills: citation, academic integrityWrite arguments to support a claim with clear reasons and relevant evidence, acknowledging counterclaims and using appropriate organizational structures.
Key skills: argumentative writing, counterclaimWrite informative texts to examine a topic and analyze information from one or more sources using appropriate transitions and organizational structures.
Key skills: informative writing, topic developmentWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using effective techniques, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.
Key skills: narrative writing, descriptive detailUse the rules of standard English grammar and conventions to write compositions with varied sentence structures, including coordinate adjectives and phrases/clauses.
Key skills: grammar, sentence varietyImprove writing by planning, editing, and considering feedback from adults and peers and revising for clarity of content.
Key skills: writing process, revisionPresent claims and findings, emphasizing key ideas with relevant descriptions, facts, and examples while using effective speaking techniques and multimedia.
Key skills: oral presentation, public speakingParticipate in structured discussions and collaborations by asking questions to build on ideas and considering diverse perspectives.
Key skills: collaborative discussion, perspective takingEvaluate the effectiveness of a speaker's argument and analyze how a speaker articulates a clear message using appropriate media and voice.
Key skills: listening evaluation, speaker analysisRead and write for a variety of purposes, including academic and personal, for extended periods of time.
Key skills: Reading stamina, Writing staminaAcquire, refine, and share knowledge through a variety of multimedia literacies to include written, oral, visual, digital, and interactive texts.
Key skills: Multimedia literacy, Knowledge sharingMake inferences to support comprehension.
Key skills: Inference, ComprehensionCollaborate with others and use active listening skills.
Key skills: Collaboration, Active listeningCite evidence to explain and justify reasoning.
Key skills: Evidence citation, JustificationCreate quality work by adhering to an accepted format.
Key skills: Formatting, Quality productionAnalyze how key elements contribute to the meaning of the text as a whole.
Key skills: Literary analysis, Textual meaningAnalyze how figurative language impacts mood, tone, and meaning in a text(s); explain an author's use of symbolism.
Key skills: Figurative language, SymbolismAnalyze how key details contribute to the development of two or more themes within and across literary texts.
Key skills: Theme development, Comparative analysisAnalyze how supporting details contribute to the development of two or more central ideas within and across informational texts.
Key skills: Central idea, Informational analysisAnalyze how points of view and/or perspectives create effects to include suspense and dramatic irony.
Key skills: Point of view, Dramatic ironyAnalyze an author's perspective or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that perspective or purpose.
Key skills: Author's purpose, Rhetorical analysisDetermine and explain how an author's choices in structuring a text, including the manipulation of time, create effects such as mystery or suspense.
Key skills: Text structure, Narrative techniquesAnalyze how the structure of individual text sections and/or text features convey an author's purpose in an informational text.
Key skills: Text features, Informational structureTrace the development of an author's argument while analyzing the types of reasoning and/or rhetorical appeals used in an informational text.
Key skills: Argument tracing, Rhetorical appealsSummarize and/or paraphrase content from grade-level text to enhance comprehension.
Key skills: Summarizing, ParaphrasingDetermine or clarify the meaning of known, unknown, and multiple-meaning words and phrases, choosing from an array of strategies.
Key skills: Vocabulary, Context cluesInterpret an author's use of figurative, connotative, and technical language in literary, informational, and multimedia texts.
Key skills: Word nuances, ConnotationApply knowledge of affixes and Greek and Latin roots to determine new and/or clarify precise meanings of words and phrases in grade-level content.
Key skills: Morphology, EtymologyEvaluate a text or subject presented through multimedia formats and analyze how each media's portrayal impacts the audience.
Key skills: Multimedia evaluation, Audience impactConduct short and more sustained research by generating and answering research questions and using a variety of sources to refine the scope of inquiry.
Key skills: Research process, InquiryAnalyze the credibility and relevance of sources using only those that are credible and relevant to the topic and the purpose of inquiry.
Key skills: Source credibility, RelevanceAnalyze findings to determine relevance to the topic.
Key skills: Data analysis, RelevanceLogically organize findings as relevant to the purpose.
Key skills: Organization, SynthesisCite sources to avoid plagiarism.
Key skills: Citation, Academic integrityWrite arguments to support a claim(s) with clear reasons and relevant evidence, acknowledging and refuting counterclaims.
Key skills: Argumentative writing, CounterclaimsWrite informative texts to examine a topic and analyze information from multiple sources using appropriate structure and precise language.
Key skills: Informative writing, Expository structureWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences, memories, or ideas, using effective techniques and descriptive details.
Key skills: Narrative writing, Descriptive detailUse the rules of and make intentional decisions about standard English grammar and conventions to write compositions with varied sentence structures.
Key skills: Grammar, ConventionsImprove writing by planning, editing, and considering feedback from adults and peers and revising for clarity and cohesiveness.
Key skills: Writing process, RevisionPresent claims and findings, emphasizing key ideas in a focused manner with relevant descriptions, facts, and examples.
Key skills: Oral presentation, Speaking skillsInitiate and participate in structured discussions and collaborations about grade-appropriate topics and texts.
Key skills: Discussion, CollaborationUsing digital media or live presentations, determine the effectiveness of a speaker's argument and specific claims.
Key skills: Listening skills, Argument evaluationAnalyze how perspective, context, and/or key elements deepen meaning or enhance style.
Key skills: Analyze perspective, Analyze contextAnalyze how figurative language impacts mood, tone, and meaning; explain an author's use of allusion.
Key skills: Analyze figurative language, Explain allusionDetermine a universal theme(s) and explain how key details contribute to its development over the course of a literary text.
Key skills: Determine theme, Analyze developmentEvaluate supporting details an author uses to develop a central idea(s) over the course of an informational text.
Key skills: Evaluate details, Analyze central ideaAnalyze how an author creates effects such as suspense or humor through differences in perspectives (e.g., irony).
Key skills: Analyze irony, Analyze effectsAnalyze an author's perspective or purpose and how rhetoric contributes to the effectiveness of the text.
Key skills: Analyze perspective, Analyze rhetoricAnalyze how an author's choices concerning how to structure a literary text contribute to its meaning.
Key skills: Analyze structure, Analyze meaningSummarize and/or paraphrase content from grade-level text to enhance comprehension.
Key skills: Summarize text, Paraphrase contentDetermine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases using context, position, or function.
Key skills: Determine meaning, Use context cluesInterpret an author's use of figurative, connotative, and technical language in literary and informational texts.
Key skills: Interpret language, Analyze connotationApply knowledge of etymology to determine new and/or clarify meanings of words and phrases.
Key skills: Apply etymology, Clarify meaningExplain the advantages and disadvantages of using different multimedia formats for presenting ideas.
Key skills: Evaluate multimedia, Compare formatsConduct short and more sustained research to answer questions or solve problems by generating questions and using sources.
Key skills: Conduct research, Generate questionsAnalyze the credibility and relevance of sources using only those that are credible and relevant.
Key skills: Evaluate sources, Analyze credibilityFollow a standard academic style guide for citation to avoid plagiarism.
Key skills: Cite sources, Avoid plagiarismWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of a topic or texts with valid reasoning and evidence.
Key skills: Write arguments, Support claimsWrite informative texts to examine and convey complex information clearly through analysis of multiple sources.
Key skills: Write informative texts, Analyze sourcesWrite narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using effective techniques and descriptive details.
Key skills: Write narratives, Use descriptive detailsDemonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing.
Key skills: Apply grammar, Use conventionsPresent information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically.
Key skills: Present information, Use evidenceAnalyze how multiple perspectives, context, and/or key elements add to and deepen meaning within and across texts.
Key skills: Analyze perspectives, Analyze contextAnalyze an author's use of figurative language in a text(s); explain an author's use of allegory.
Key skills: Analyze figurative language, Explain allegoryAnalyze the development of universal themes across literary texts from different time periods, places, and/or cultures.
Key skills: Analyze themes, Compare culturesAnalyze an author's perspective or purpose and evaluate the effectiveness of the rhetoric used.
Key skills: Analyze perspective, Evaluate rhetoricWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of a topic or texts, acknowledging and refuting counterclaims.
Key skills: Write arguments, Refute counterclaimsWrite informative texts to examine and convey complex information clearly through analysis of multiple sources.
Key skills: Write informative texts, Convey informationEvaluate how multiple perspectives, context, and key elements work together to enhance meaning or style.
Key skills: Evaluate perspectives, Evaluate styleEvaluate an author's use of figurative language within and across texts.
Key skills: Evaluate figurative language, Analyze impactEvaluate the development of universal themes across literary texts from different time periods and cultures.
Key skills: Evaluate themes, Compare textsWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or texts, using valid reasoning and evidence.
Key skills: Write arguments, Use reasoningUse the rules of and make intentional decisions about standard English grammar and conventions.
Key skills: Apply conventions, Vary sentence structureEvaluate and critique how multiple perspectives, context, and key elements work together to enhance meaning.
Key skills: Critique perspectives, Evaluate meaningEvaluate and critique an author's use of figurative language within and across text(s).
Key skills: Critique figurative language, Evaluate impactEvaluate and critique the development of universal themes across literary texts from different cultures.
Key skills: Critique themes, Evaluate developmentAnalyze a literary text distinguishing between what is directly stated and what is intended (e.g., satire, irony).
Key skills: Analyze satire, Distinguish intentWrite arguments to support claims in an analysis of topics or texts, establishing significance and logical sequence.
Key skills: Write arguments, Establish significanceWrite informative/expository texts to convey complex ideas and concepts while analyzing complex texts.
Key skills: Write informative texts, Analyze complex ideasUse the rules of and make intentional decisions about standard English grammar and conventions.
Key skills: Apply conventions, Finalize draftsPresent information, findings, and supporting evidence effectively for a variety of audiences and purposes.
Key skills: Present effectively, Adjust techniquesMake sense of problems and persevere in solving them.
Key skills: Problem solving, PersistenceReason abstractly and quantitatively.
Key skills: Abstract reasoning, Quantitative analysisConstruct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
Key skills: Mathematical discourse, Logical justificationConnect mathematical ideas and real-world situations through modeling.
Key skills: Mathematical modeling, Real-world applicationUse a variety of mathematical tools effectively and strategically.
Key skills: Tool selection, Strategic useCommunicate mathematically and with precision.
Key skills: Mathematical communication, PrecisionIdentify and utilize structure and patterns.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, Structural analysisRepresent multi-digit numbers in a variety of ways to build the foundation for place value understanding.
Key skills: Number representation, Place value foundationRead, write, and represent the numerals 0 to 20 and represent the written numeral with concrete models.
Key skills: Numeral recognition, Writing numbersCompose and decompose numbers from 11 to 19 into tens and ones using concrete objects, pictorial models, or drawings.
Key skills: Teen numbers, Composition/DecompositionDemonstrate and explain the relationship between numbers and quantities.
Key skills: Counting, CardinalityCount forward by ones and tens to 100 and backward from 10 by ones.
Key skills: Rote counting, Skip countingSubitize a quantity of up to 10 objects in an organized arrangement without counting.
Key skills: Subitizing, Visual groupingCount a group of up to 20 objects and represent with a written numeral; state the number in a rearrangement without recounting.
Key skills: One-to-one correspondence, Conservation of numberGiven a number from 0 to 20, count out that many objects.
Key skills: Counting out, Quantity matchingDemonstrate the ability to compare quantities of objects and numerals representing quantities of objects.
Key skills: Comparison, Quantity analysisCompare up to 10 objects in one set to another set using the phrases more than, fewer than, or the same as.
Key skills: Comparing sets, Comparative languageCompare two written numerals up to 10 using more than, less than, or equal to.
Key skills: Numeral comparison, Mathematical symbolsDevelop an understanding of the relationship between addition and subtraction to solve problems.
Key skills: Addition, SubtractionAdd and subtract number combinations within 5.
Key skills: Fluency within 5, Basic operationsCreate a sum of 10 using objects and drawings when given one of two addends 0–9, to include real-world situations.
Key skills: Making ten, Missing addendsCompose and decompose numbers up to 10 in different ways. Record using objects or drawings.
Key skills: Number bonds, DecompositionSolve add-to/joining, take-from/separating, and part-part-whole real-world situations within 10 using objects and drawings.
Key skills: Word problems, Modeling operationsRecognize, describe, extend, and create patterns.
Key skills: Patterning, Algebraic thinkingDescribe, extend, and create (to the next term) simple repeating patterns in the form of AB, AAB, ABB, and ABC.
Key skills: Repeating patterns, Pattern extensionDescribe and compare objects in real-world situations using units of length, weight, money, and time.
Key skills: Measurement, ComparisonIdentify a penny, nickel, dime, and quarter.
Key skills: Coin identification, Money basicsDirectly compare two objects using words including shorter, longer, taller, lighter, and heavier.
Key skills: Direct comparison, Measurement vocabularyAnalyze, describe, and manipulate shapes to make sense of their relationships in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Geometry, Spatial awarenessIdentify and describe the attributes of triangles, squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, and spheres.
Key skills: Shape attributes, 2D and 3D shapesDescribe relative positions of objects using terms including below, above, beside, between, inside, outside, in front of, or behind.
Key skills: Positional language, Spatial relationsCollect and organize data and communicate through multiple representations.
Key skills: Data collection, OrganizationSort pictures or objects into at least two categories. Count to determine how many are in each category. Limit to 20 items.
Key skills: Sorting, ClassificationAnswer questions about data organized in a t-chart, object graph, or picture graph.
Key skills: Data interpretation, GraphingRepresent multi-digit numbers in a variety of ways to build place value understanding.
Key skills: Place value, Number representationRead, write, and represent numbers to 100 using concrete models, drawings, standard form, base ten language, and equations in expanded form.
Key skills: Read and write numbers, Expanded formRepresent and explain that whole numbers 1 through 99 are organized into groups of tens and ones, and a digit has a different value depending on its placement.
Key skills: Tens and ones, Digit valueCompose and decompose whole numbers from 1 through 99 in more than one way using tens and ones.
Key skills: Compose numbers, Decompose numbersApply place value reasoning to identify the number that is one more and one less, ten more, and ten less than a given number with up to two digits.
Key skills: Mental math, Ten more/lessExplain the relationship between numbers and quantities.
Key skills: Counting, Number relationshipsCount by ones forward or backward starting at any number up to 120 making accurate decade transitions.
Key skills: Forward counting, Backward countingSkip count by fives and tens from any multiple of five to 100, identifying place value patterns in the sequence.
Key skills: Skip counting, Number patternsDemonstrate the ability to compare quantities of objects and numerals representing quantities of objects.
Key skills: Compare quantities, Number comparisonCompare representations of two numbers up to 100 using the phrases is greater than, is less than, or is equal to (the same value as).
Key skills: Greater than, Less thanUnderstand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction to solve problems.
Key skills: Addition, SubtractionDetermine and explain if an equation within 10 is true using a variety of equation formats.
Key skills: True/false equations, Equation formatsCompose and decompose numbers less than or equal to 20 in more than one way. Record each composition or decomposition as an equation.
Key skills: Number composition, Equation writingSolve add-to, take-from, and part-part-whole real-world situations to find sums and differences within 20.
Key skills: Word problems, Sums and differencesAdd and subtract number combinations flexibly and accurately within 10.
Key skills: Addition fluency, Subtraction fluencyApply and explain the Commutative Property of Addition to find the sum (through 20) of two addends.
Key skills: Commutative property, Addition strategiesDetermine an unknown number in addition and subtraction equations within 10.
Key skills: Missing numbers, Algebraic thinkingFind the sum of a two-digit number and a one-digit number or a two-digit number and a multiple of 10 (1–99) using place value strategies.
Key skills: Two-digit addition, Place value strategiesFind the difference between two numbers that are multiples of 10, both in the range 10–90, and write the corresponding equation.
Key skills: Subtracting multiples of 10, Equation writingUse reasoning to represent and solve algebraic and numerical situations.
Key skills: Pattern analysis, Algebraic reasoningCreate, describe, and extend (to the next term) a growing shape pattern.
Key skills: Growing patterns, Shape patternsCreate, describe, and extend (to three terms within a sequence) repeating patterns using AB, AAB, ABB, and ABC type patterns.
Key skills: Repeating patterns, Pattern extensionDescribe, estimate, measure, and compare objects in real-world situations using units of length, weight, money, and time.
Key skills: Measurement, Time and moneyOrder three objects by length from shortest to longest and longest to shortest using direct comparison.
Key skills: Ordering objects, Length comparisonUse nonstandard physical objects to estimate and then measure the length of an item as the number of same size units.
Key skills: Nonstandard measurement, EstimationUse analog and digital clocks to tell and record time to the hour and half hour.
Key skills: Telling time, Analog and digitalIdentify and write the values of a coin or a bill using a ¢ symbol for coin values or $ symbol for bills.
Key skills: Money identification, Currency symbolsCount a collection of like coins to determine the total value of the set. Limit to pennies, nickels, and dimes.
Key skills: Counting coins, Total valueAnalyze, describe, and manipulate shapes to make sense of their relationships in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Geometry, Shape attributesSort a mixed set of polygons and describe the reasoning used while sorting the polygons.
Key skills: Sorting shapes, Polygon classificationIdentify and describe the attributes of two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional shapes.
Key skills: 2D and 3D shapes, Shape attributesIdentify and describe a given shape in everyday situations to include two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional shapes.
Key skills: Real-world shapes, Shape identificationClassify shapes as two-dimensional/flat or three-dimensional/solid and explain the reasoning using formal mathematical language.
Key skills: 2D vs 3D, Geometric reasoningAnalyze and compare a pair of two-dimensional shapes or a pair of three-dimensional shapes of assorted sizes and orientations.
Key skills: Shape comparison, Spatial reasoningPartition circles and rectangles into two and four equal shares. Describe the shares using halves, fourths, and quarters.
Key skills: Partitioning, FractionsCreate and answer survey questions, collect and analyze data, and communicate through multiple representations.
Key skills: Data collection, GraphingSort pictures or objects into at least three categories (not to exceed 10 items in each category).
Key skills: Sorting data, CategorizationCreate a survey question and collect data with up to three categories. Create charts and graphs to display the data.
Key skills: Surveying, Data representationRepresent multi-digit numbers in a variety of ways to build place value understanding.
Key skills: place value, number representationRead, write, and represent numbers up to 999 using concrete models, drawings, standard form, base ten language, and equations in expanded form.
Key skills: read and write numbers, expanded formRepresent and explain that whole numbers 1 through 999 are organized into groups of hundreds, tens, and ones, and a digit has a different value depending on its placement.
Key skills: place value concepts, hundreds, tens, and onesCompose and decompose whole numbers from 1 through 999 in more than one way using hundreds, tens, and ones. Explain and demonstrate each composition or decomposition.
Key skills: compose numbers, decompose numbersApply place value reasoning to identify the number that is 10 more, 10 less, 100 more, and 100 less than a given three-digit number through 999.
Key skills: mental math, place value reasoningCount multi-digit numbers up to 999.
Key skills: counting, number sequencesCount forward and backward by ones, tens, and hundreds from any number within 999 and identify patterns in the sequence.
Key skills: skip counting, number patternsCompare and round multi-digit numbers up to 999.
Key skills: comparison, roundingCompare representations of whole numbers up to 999 and write a comparison statement using words and symbols (=, <, >).
Key skills: compare numbers, comparison symbolsWhen given a two-digit number, identify which multiple of 10 the number is closest to.
Key skills: rounding to ten, nearest multiplePartition shapes into equal shares to build a foundation for fractions.
Key skills: partitioning, fraction foundationsPartition in multiple ways squares, rectangles, and circles into two or four equal sized parts, and describe the parts using the words halves, fourths, a half of, and a fourth of.
Key skills: halves and fourths, equal sharesExplain that when partitioning a square, rectangle, or circle into two or four equal parts, the parts become smaller as the number of parts increases.
Key skills: fractional size, partitioning conceptsUnderstand and apply properties of operations and the relationship between addition and subtraction to solve problems.
Key skills: addition and subtraction, problem solvingUse a strategy to accurately find sums and differences of two-digit numbers within 100 and justify the sum or difference.
Key skills: two-digit addition, two-digit subtractionDetermine and explain if an equation (within 20) is true using a variety of equation formats.
Key skills: true/false equations, equal sign meaningSolve one-step add-to, take-from, part-part-whole, and additive comparison real-world situations through 99 with the unknown in any position.
Key skills: word problems, unknown positionsFor any number from 0 to 99, find the number that makes 100 when added to the given number.
Key skills: complements of 100, missing addendsAdd and subtract number combinations flexibly and accurately within 20.
Key skills: addition fluency, subtraction fluencyApply the Associative Property of Addition to find the sum (through 20) of three addends and explain that the value can be found using various grouping strategies.
Key skills: associative property, adding three numbersDetermine the unknown number in addition and subtraction equations within 20, with the unknown in any position.
Key skills: missing numbers, algebraic thinkingSort a collection of 20 or fewer objects into two groups to determine if the number of objects is even or odd.
Key skills: even and odd, sortingFind the total number of objects arranged in equal groups or in a rectangular array and write an addition equation to express the total as a sum (up to 25) of equal addends.
Key skills: arrays, repeated additionRecognize, describe, extend, and create patterns.
Key skills: pattern recognition, creating patternsDescribe, extend, and create a growing shape pattern with up to three terms within a sequence.
Key skills: shape patterns, growing patternsCreate, describe, and extend an appropriate one-step rule for number patterns using addition and subtraction within 100.
Key skills: number patterns, pattern rulesDescribe, estimate, measure, and compare objects in real-world situations using units of length, weight, currency, and time.
Key skills: measurement, real-world applicationSelect and use appropriate tools to estimate and measure length of an object or distance to the nearest customary unit. Limit to inches, feet, and yards.
Key skills: length measurement, customary unitsUse analog and digital clocks to tell and record time in five-minute intervals, identifying AM and PM.
Key skills: telling time, analog and digitalDetermine the value of mixed sets of coins or bills in mathematical and real-world situations and record the value using a ¢ or $ symbol.
Key skills: money value, counting coins and billsAnalyze, describe, and manipulate shapes to make sense of their relationships in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: geometry, shape analysisIdentify and describe a given shape in everyday situations to include two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional shapes.
Key skills: shape identification, 2D and 3D shapesClassify shapes as polygons or non-polygons and defend that determination based on their attributes.
Key skills: polygons, shape attributesClassify two-dimensional shapes as triangles or quadrilaterals and justify each classification.
Key skills: triangles, quadrilateralsCreate and answer survey questions, collect and analyze data, and communicate through multiple representations.
Key skills: data collection, graphingCreate a survey question and collect data with up to four categories. Create tally charts, picture graphs, dot plots, and bar graphs with a single-unit scale.
Key skills: data representation, interpreting graphsMake sense of problems and persevere in solving them strategically.
Key skills: Problem solving, Strategic thinkingExplain ideas using precise and contextually appropriate mathematical language, tools, and models.
Key skills: Mathematical communication, PrecisionDemonstrate a deep and flexible conceptual understanding of mathematical ideas, operations, and relationships while making real-world connections.
Key skills: Conceptual understanding, Real-world connectionsUse critical thinking skills to reason both abstractly and quantitatively.
Key skills: Critical thinking, ReasoningIdentify and apply regularity in repeated reasoning to make generalizations.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, GeneralizationCollect and analyze data and communicate through multiple representations.
Key skills: Data collection, Data analysisCollect and organize categorical and numerical data based on observations, surveys, experiments, and investigations with whole number values using tables, scaled picture graphs, scaled bar graphs, or dot plots.
Key skills: Organize data, Create graphsSolve one-step, real-world situations using whole number data represented in tables, scaled picture graphs, scaled bar graphs, or dot plots. Limit scales to multiples of 1, 2, 5, and 10.
Key skills: Solve problems, Interpret dataRepresent the probability of simple events and determine possible outcomes.
Key skills: Probability, OutcomesIdentify the possible outcomes of a simple event.
Key skills: Identify outcomes, Simple eventsSolve area and perimeter problems in real-world and mathematical situations.
Key skills: Area, PerimeterDetermine the area of squares and rectangles presented in relevant problems by covering the space with square units and counting the total number of units needed.
Key skills: Calculate area, Unit squaresDetermine the perimeter of regular and irregular triangles and quadrilaterals with known side lengths.
Key skills: Calculate perimeter, PolygonsDetermine if a real-world situation is an example of the need for finding the area or the perimeter of a figure.
Key skills: Contextual application, Area vs PerimeterEstimate and measure using units of length, liquid volume, currency, and intervals of time.
Key skills: Estimation, MeasurementDetermine the value of any collection of coins, not to exceed $5. Write the amount in the form of dollars and cents using the decimal notation.
Key skills: Count money, Decimal notationUse analog and digital clocks to tell and record time to 1-minute intervals, identifying AM and PM.
Key skills: Tell time, Analog and digitalSolve problems involving addition and subtraction of time intervals to determine elapsed time to the nearest half hour.
Key skills: Elapsed time, Time intervalsEstimate and measure length/distance to the nearest half inch and nearest whole centimeter.
Key skills: Measure length, Customary and MetricDetermine which unit of liquid volume is most appropriate to measure in real-world situations. Limit to fluid ounces, cups, pints, quarts, gallons, milliliters, and liters.
Key skills: Liquid volume, Appropriate unitsExtend geometric reasoning to attributes of polygons and/or polyhedrons.
Key skills: Geometric reasoning, AttributesDescribe and draw right, acute, obtuse, and straight angles. Identify these angle types in two-dimensional figures including triangles and quadrilaterals.
Key skills: Identify angles, Draw anglesIdentify, describe, and draw points, lines, line segments, and rays. Identify parallel, perpendicular, and intersecting lines in two-dimensional figures.
Key skills: Identify lines, Draw linesUnderstand the place value of whole numbers and the relationship between fractions and whole numbers.
Key skills: Place value, Whole numbersRead, write, and represent whole numbers through the thousands period (0 to 999,999) on a number line and in standard, base ten language, word, and equations in expanded form.
Key skills: Number representation, Place valueCompose and decompose 4-digit whole numbers in multiple ways using thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones.
Key skills: Compose numbers, Decompose numbersCompare and order whole numbers through the thousands period (0 to 999,999) using <, >, and =.
Key skills: Compare numbers, Order numbersRound whole numbers from 0 to 1,000 to the nearest 10 or 100.
Key skills: Rounding, EstimationRepresent and compare fractions in multiple ways using part-whole relationships.
Key skills: Fractions, Part-wholeIdentify unit fractions as the quantity formed by one part when a whole is partitioned into 2, 3, 4, 6, or 8 equal-sized parts. Express each part as a unit fraction of the whole.
Key skills: Unit fractions, PartitioningRepresent fractions from 0 to 1 using concrete, set, area, and linear models, and write them in standard form and word form. Limit denominators to 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
Key skills: Fraction models, Standard formExpress whole numbers as fractions and identify fractions that are equivalent to whole numbers. Limit denominators to 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8.
Key skills: Whole numbers as fractions, EquivalenceCompose fractions between the whole numbers 0 and 5 using unit fractions. Record the composition as a mixed number or fraction greater than 1.
Key skills: Compose fractions, Mixed numbersRecognize two fractions are equivalent based on the same size whole. Limit denominators to 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8, and fractions should be limited to fractions between 0 and 1.
Key skills: Equivalent fractions, ReasoningCompare two fractions with the same numerator or same denominator based on the same size whole by reasoning about their size using <, >, and =.
Key skills: Compare fractions, ReasoningUse multiple representations to reason and solve problems involving operational properties of whole numbers.
Key skills: Operations, PropertiesUse a strategy to compute sums and differences up to 1,000.
Key skills: Addition, SubtractionMultiply whole numbers (factors 0–10) and divide whole numbers (divisors 1–10) using a model and write a corresponding equation.
Key skills: Multiplication, DivisionMultiply two whole numbers from 0 to 10 and divide using related facts flexibly and accurately.
Key skills: Fact fluency, Inverse operationsUse reasoning to represent and solve algebraic and numerical situations.
Key skills: Algebraic reasoning, Problem solvingDetermine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division real-world situation relating three whole numbers when the unknown is a missing factor, product, dividend, divisor, or quotient.
Key skills: Unknown numbers, Word problemsSolve one- and two-step real-world situations using addition and subtraction up to 1,000.
Key skills: Two-step problems, Addition/SubtractionIdentify, create, and extend numerical patterns to determine the next three terms in an addition or subtraction sequence.
Key skills: Numerical patterns, SequencesRecognize that a whole number is a multiple of each of its factors 1–10.
Key skills: Multiples, FactorsCollect and organize numerical and categorical data using tables, scaled bar graphs, or dot plots. Use titles and labels. Scales to include whole numbers, halves, and fourths.
Key skills: Data collection, Graphing dataSolve one-step, real-world situations using whole number and fractional data represented in tables, scaled picture graphs, scaled bar graphs, or dot plots.
Key skills: Problem solving, Data interpretationDetermine the possible outcomes of a simple event and record the probability as certain, possible, or impossible.
Key skills: Probability, Predicting outcomesApply perimeter formulas for rectangles to solve real-world situations including finding the perimeter, given the side lengths, and finding an unknown side length.
Key skills: Perimeter calculation, Geometric formulasApply area formulas for rectangles to solve real-world situations. Use square units to label area measurements.
Key skills: Area calculation, Measurement unitsCalculate the value of a collection of coins.
Key skills: Money calculation, Counting coinsSolve real-world situations involving addition and subtraction of time intervals within 60 minutes to find elapsed time, start time, or end time.
Key skills: Elapsed time, Time intervalsMeasure length to the nearest quarter inch.
Key skills: Measurement, PrecisionMeasure weight in customary units and metric units to the nearest whole unit. Limit to ounces, pounds, grams, and kilograms.
Key skills: Weight measurement, Unit conversionConvert customary units of length, weight, and liquid volume from a larger unit to a smaller unit, given direct comparisons or unit equivalencies.
Key skills: Unit conversion, Measurement systemsClassify triangles according to side length (isosceles, equilateral, scalene) and angle measure (acute, obtuse, right, equiangular).
Key skills: Triangle classification, Geometric attributesClassify quadrilaterals in a hierarchy based on their shared attributes.
Key skills: Quadrilateral classification, Geometric hierarchyRead and write whole numbers through the millions period (0 to 999,999,999) in word, standard, and equations in expanded form.
Key skills: Place value, Number notationEstimate sums, differences, products, and quotients of multi-digit whole numbers, using rounding and place value to determine reasonableness. Write an equation for the estimate.
Key skills: Estimation, RoundingOrder whole numbers within 999,999 (no more than 3) in ascending or descending order and record the comparison(s) using symbols (<, >).
Key skills: Comparing numbers, Ordering numbersRepresent fractions with denominators of 10 and 100 in words, models, and decimal notations.
Key skills: Fraction representation, Decimal notationCompare decimal numbers to the hundredths using benchmarks 0, 0.5, and 1.0, concrete area, and linear models. Use symbols (=, <, >).
Key skills: Comparing decimals, Benchmark fractionsGenerate equivalent fractions, including fractions greater than 1, using multiple representations. Limit denominators to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 20, 25, 50, and 100.
Key skills: Equivalent fractions, Fraction modelsRepresent the composition and decomposition of fractions with the same denominator, including mixed numbers and fractions greater than 1, using multiple representations.
Key skills: Fraction decomposition, Mixed numbersExplain and demonstrate how a mixed number is equivalent to a fraction greater than 1 and how a fraction greater than 1 is equivalent to a mixed number.
Key skills: Mixed numbers, Improper fractionsCompare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators using multiple representations and symbols (=, <, >).
Key skills: Comparing fractions, Fraction modelsUse a strategy to accurately compute sums and differences of whole numbers up to 100,000 and justify the sum or difference.
Key skills: Addition, SubtractionCompute the product of a one-digit whole number times a multiple of 10 (from 10 to 90) and 100 (from 100 to 900) based on place value.
Key skills: Multiplication, Place valueMultiply up to a four-digit number by a one-digit number and multiply a two-digit number by a two-digit number using strategies based on place value.
Key skills: Multiplication, Computation strategiesDivide up to a four-digit dividend by a one-digit divisor using strategies based on place value and the properties of operations.
Key skills: Division, Computation strategiesUse a strategy to accurately compute sums and differences of fractions with like denominators and justify the reasonableness of the answer.
Key skills: Fraction addition, Fraction subtractionUse fraction and decimal equivalencies to add and subtract tenths and hundredths, to include mixed numbers and fractions greater than 1.
Key skills: Decimal addition, Fraction equivalencyRepresent and compute the product of a whole number times a unit fraction. Limit denominators to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 25, and 100.
Key skills: Fraction multiplication, Unit fractionsInterpret a fraction as an equal sharing division situation, where a quantity (numerator) is divided into equal parts (denominator).
Key skills: Fractions as division, Equal sharingFind all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1–50. Determine whether the whole number is prime or composite.
Key skills: Factors, Prime and compositeDescribe and extend a numerical pattern that follows a rule using function tables and real-world situations.
Key skills: Patterns, Function tablesSolve real-world situations involving multiplicative comparison situations and write equations using a variable for the unknown.
Key skills: Multiplicative comparison, Algebraic equationsSolve two-step, real-world problems using the four operations involving whole number answers. Represent with an equation using a variable.
Key skills: Multi-step problems, Algebraic representationCreate questions, collect and analyze data, and communicate through multiple representations.
Key skills: Data collection, Data analysis, CommunicationDescribe data by determining the range and mode, including whole numbers, fractional data, and decimal data.
Key skills: Find range, Find mode, Analyze data setsSolve two-step, real-world situations using whole number and fractional data represented in tables, line graphs, scaled bar graphs, or dot plots.
Key skills: Interpret graphs, Two-step problems, Fractional dataAnalyze categorical and numerical data in graphical displays to make predictions or draw conclusions.
Key skills: Predict from data, Draw conclusions, Analyze displaysRepresent the probability of simple events and determine possible outcomes.
Key skills: Probability, Determine outcomesRepresent the probability of a simple event as 0, a fraction, or 1.
Key skills: Probability representation, Simple events, Fractional probabilitySolve area, perimeter, and volume problems in real-world and mathematical situations.
Key skills: Area and perimeter, Volume, Problem solvingSolve problems involving area and perimeter of composite figures by decomposing with rectangles.
Key skills: Decompose figures, Composite area, Composite perimeterEstimate and measure the volume of a right rectangular prism with whole-number side lengths by filling it with unit cubes.
Key skills: Measure volume, Unit cubes, Rectangular prismsConvert within a given measurement system and measure length.
Key skills: Unit conversion, Measure lengthGiven the unit equivalencies, convert within a single system of measurement from larger units to smaller units and smaller units to larger units.
Key skills: Convert units, Measurement systems, Real-world conversionEstimate and measure lengths to the nearest eighth of an inch or nearest millimeter.
Key skills: Precision measurement, Estimate length, Ruler skillsGraph on the coordinate plane.
Key skills: Coordinate graphing, Plot pointsIdentify the origin, x-axis, and y-axis in the coordinate system. Write, plot, and label ordered pairs in the first quadrant.
Key skills: Identify axes, Plot ordered pairs, Label coordinatesRepresent mathematical and real-world situations by graphing, labeling, and interpreting points in the first quadrant.
Key skills: Graph situations, Interpret points, Data visualizationRepresent and compare numbers using relationships within the base ten number system.
Key skills: Place value, Number relationshipsRead, write, and represent multi-digit numbers from 0 to 999 with decimals to the thousandths place.
Key skills: Read decimals, Write decimals, Expanded formExplain how the value of a digit in a multi-digit number changes if the digit moves one or more places to the left or right.
Key skills: Place value shifts, Base ten system, Value analysisRound decimal numbers up to 999 with decimals to the thousandths place to the nearest hundredth, tenth, or whole number.
Key skills: Round decimals, Estimation, Place valueUse patterns to explain the exponents when multiplying and dividing by powers of 10, not to exceed the thousandths place.
Key skills: Powers of 10, Exponents, Decimal patternsRepresent and compare fractions in multiple ways.
Key skills: Fraction comparison, EquivalenceCompare fractions and mixed numbers with like and unlike denominators using equivalence to create a common denominator.
Key skills: Compare fractions, Common denominators, Inequality symbolsUse multiple representations to reason and solve problems involving operational properties of whole numbers and decimals.
Key skills: Operations, Decimal reasoning, Problem solvingUse a strategy to compute the product of a two- or three-digit factor times a two-digit factor to include real-world situations.
Key skills: Multi-digit multiplication, Standard algorithm, Partial productsUse a strategy to compute the quotient of a multi-digit whole number dividend divided by a two-digit whole number divisor.
Key skills: Long division, Remainders, Division strategiesUse a strategy to compute sums and differences of decimal numbers to the hundredths.
Key skills: Add decimals, Subtract decimals, Place value alignmentUse a strategy to multiply a one-digit whole number by a decimal to the hundredths and divide a decimal by a one-digit whole number.
Key skills: Multiply decimals, Divide decimals, Justify calculationsUse multiple representations to reason and solve problems involving operational properties of fractions.
Key skills: Fraction operations, Fraction reasoningUse a strategy to compute sums and differences of fractions and mixed numbers with unlike denominators and justify the sum or difference.
Key skills: Add fractions, Subtract fractions, Unlike denominatorsUse a strategy to multiply a fraction by a fraction or a fraction by a whole to include real-world situations.
Key skills: Multiply fractions, Fraction models, Real-world fractionsInterpret and represent division of a whole number dividend by a unit fraction divisor and a unit fraction dividend by a whole number divisor.
Key skills: Divide unit fractions, Division models, Fraction divisionUse reasoning to represent and solve algebraic and numerical situations.
Key skills: Algebraic reasoning, Numerical situationsDetermine the least common multiple (LCM) to find a common denominator.
Key skills: Find LCM, Common denominators, Multiple analysisDetermine the greatest common factor (GCF) of two numbers both less than or equal to 50 to simplify a fraction.
Key skills: Find GCF, Simplify fractions, Factor analysisIdentify a rule that can describe the pattern from the data of a function table and write it as an expression.
Key skills: Function tables, Identify rules, Write expressionsTranslate a two-step real-world situation into a numerical expression using parentheses as grouping symbols and evaluate the expression.
Key skills: Write expressions, Grouping symbols, Evaluate expressionsConvert positive rational numbers into equivalent forms among terminating decimals, fractions (including mixed numbers), and percentages.
Key skills: Convert rational numbers, Equivalent formsCompare two positive rational numbers and write statements using the symbols for is equal to (=), is not equal to (≠), is less than (<), and/or is greater than (>).
Key skills: Compare rational numbers, Inequality symbolsSort a set of positive rational numbers in ascending and/or descending order in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Sort rational numbers, Order numbersRepresent quantities with integers in real-world situations and explain the meaning of zero.
Key skills: Represent integers, Meaning of zeroIdentify and compare the opposite value and absolute value of positive and negative rational numbers.
Key skills: Absolute value, Opposite valuesUse tables, graphs, verbal descriptions, and equations to represent the relationship between independent and dependent variables of functions.
Key skills: Represent functions, Variable relationshipsIdentify the independent and dependent variable of a function in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Identify variables, Function analysisIdentify parts of an algebraic expression using the mathematical terms sum, difference, term, variable, product, factor, quotient, coefficient, and constant.
Key skills: Expression parts, Algebraic terminologyWrite and evaluate numerical expressions containing powers. Limit to positive whole number bases and positive whole number exponents.
Key skills: Write expressions, Evaluate powersEvaluate numerical expressions with positive whole number bases and positive whole number exponents using the Order of Operations.
Key skills: Order of operations, Evaluate expressionsWrite and evaluate expressions using variables to represent quantities in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Variable expressions, Real-world modelingWrite and solve one-step equations and inequalities with one variable involving positive rational numbers in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Solve equations, Solve inequalitiesInterpret the concept of a ratio as the relationship between two quantities, including part-to-part and part-to-whole.
Key skills: Interpret ratios, Part-to-wholeExplain the relationship between ratios and rates, including unit rates.
Key skills: Ratios and rates, Unit ratesSolve ratio and rate problems in real-world situations.
Key skills: Solve ratio problems, Rate problemsUse one-step dimensional analysis to convert units within the metric or customary systems.
Key skills: Dimensional analysis, Unit conversionRepresent the solutions of inequalities on a number line and explain that the solution set may contain an infinite number of solutions.
Key skills: Graph inequalities, Solution setsIdentify the multiplicative inverse of a number and multiply multiplicative inverses to find their product is equal to 1.
Key skills: Multiplicative inverse, ReciprocalsIdentify the additive inverse of a number and add additive inverses to find their sum is equal to zero.
Key skills: Additive inverse, Opposite numbersApply the properties of operations to create equivalent algebraic expressions and justify the properties used.
Key skills: Equivalent expressions, Mathematical propertiesAdd, subtract, multiply, and divide integers in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Integer operations, Real-world mathAdd, subtract, multiply, and divide positive fractions, including mixed numbers in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Fraction operations, Mixed numbersAdd, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit positive decimals, up to the thousandths place, to solve problems.
Key skills: Decimal operations, Multi-digit mathFind the area of a triangle, square, rectangle, parallelogram, and trapezoid.
Key skills: Calculate area, PolygonsCreate nets to represent three-dimensional shapes.
Key skills: Geometric nets, 3D shapesCalculate the surface area of right rectangular prisms, right triangular prisms, right rectangular pyramids, and right triangular pyramids using nets.
Key skills: Surface area, NetsFind the area of composite figures by decomposing them into triangles and rectangles to solve mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Composite area, DecompositionCalculate the volume of a right rectangular prism using the formula (V = Bh) in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Calculate volume, Prism formulaDetermine if two angles are complementary or supplementary.
Key skills: Angle relationships, Complementary/SupplementaryDetermine the measure of angles using a protractor.
Key skills: Measure angles, Protractor usePlot ordered pairs in all four quadrants and identify points on a graph by writing ordered pairs.
Key skills: Coordinate plane, Ordered pairsGraph a polygon on a coordinate plane given the coordinates of the vertices.
Key skills: Graph polygons, Coordinate geometryIdentify the sample size for a numerical set of data in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Sample size, Data analysisCreate box plots to represent numerical data sets in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Create box plots, Data displayUse the shape of the graph to determine whether median or mode best describes the data set.
Key skills: Data distribution, Median vs ModeCalculate and interpret the median, mode, range, interquartile range in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Measures of center, Measures of spreadGiven the probability of a random event, expressed as a number from 0 to 1, state the likelihood of the event occurring.
Key skills: Probability likelihood, Event occurrenceFind the probability of simple events in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Simple probability, Calculate oddsGiven the probability of an event, identify and calculate the complement of that event.
Key skills: Complementary events, Probability rulesAnalyze data sets to identify their statistical elements.
Key skills: Data analysis, Statistical elementsCreate stem-and-leaf plots to represent numerical data sets in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Stem-and-leaf plots, Data representationUse the shape of the graph to select the measure of center (mean, median, or mode) that best describes the data set.
Key skills: Measures of center, Data interpretationCalculate and interpret the measures of center (mean, median, mode) and spread (mean absolute deviation, interquartile range, range).
Key skills: Measures of spread, Statistical calculationCreate histograms to represent data sets and interpret histograms to answer questions or draw conclusions about data sets.
Key skills: Histograms, Data visualizationCalculate and interpret probability.
Key skills: Probability, Chance eventsIdentify the sample space for a simple event.
Key skills: Sample space, Simple eventsCalculate and interpret the theoretical probability of a simple random event.
Key skills: Theoretical probability, Random eventsCalculate and interpret the experimental probability of a random event related to a simple experiment.
Key skills: Experimental probability, Data collectionCompare and contrast the experimental and theoretical probabilities for a simple experiment.
Key skills: Probability comparison, Experimental vs theoreticalDetermine the measurements of geometric figures.
Key skills: Geometric measurement, Figure analysisIdentify the parts of a circle. Limit the parts to center, radius, diameter, and chord.
Key skills: Circle parts, Geometry vocabularyDescribe the relationship between the radius, diameter, and circumference of a circle.
Key skills: Circle properties, Geometric relationshipsSolve mathematical and real-world situations involving circumference or area of circles.
Key skills: Circumference, Area of circlesDetermine if three given side lengths can form a triangle using the Triangle Inequality Theorem.
Key skills: Triangle Inequality, Triangle constructionIn mathematical and real-world situations, find the volume of right prisms and right pyramids having triangular or quadrilateral bases.
Key skills: Volume, Prisms and pyramidsIn mathematical and real-world situations, find the surface area of right prisms and right pyramids having triangular or quadrilateral bases.
Key skills: Surface area, 3D figuresDetermine angle and/or side relationships.
Key skills: Angle relationships, Side relationshipsDetermine the measure of the third angle given the measure of the other two angles of a triangle using the Triangle Sum Theorem.
Key skills: Triangle Sum Theorem, Angle calculationSolve mathematical and real-world situations involving dimensions and areas of geometric figures including scale drawings and scale factors.
Key skills: Scale drawings, Scale factorsIdentify the relationships and measures among angles formed by two intersecting lines (supplementary, complementary, vertical, and adjacent).
Key skills: Intersecting lines, Angle pairsWrite and solve equations to solve mathematical and real-world situations involving the relationships among angles formed by two intersecting lines.
Key skills: Angle equations, Problem solvingGraph on the coordinate plane.
Key skills: Coordinate graphing, Spatial reasoningFind distances between ordered pairs on the coordinate plane, limited to the same x-coordinate or the same y-coordinate.
Key skills: Coordinate distance, Ordered pairsTranslate among multiple representations of rational numbers.
Key skills: Rational numbers, Number representationsConvert rational numbers into equivalent forms among fractions (including mixed numbers), decimals, and percentages.
Key skills: Number conversion, Equivalent formsUtilize rational numbers in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Rational number use, Real-world mathCompare two rational numbers and write statements using equality and inequality symbols in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Number comparison, Inequality symbolsUse tables, graphs, verbal descriptions, or equations to represent a function.
Key skills: Functions, Multiple representationsApply proportional reasoning to solve problems in mathematical and real-world situations involving ratios and percentages.
Key skills: Proportional reasoning, PercentsCreate a model with functions that address a proportional relationship in real-world situations.
Key skills: Function modeling, ProportionalityIdentify the constant of proportionality within proportional relationships.
Key skills: Constant of proportionality, Unit rateWrite, simplify, and evaluate algebraic expressions; write and solve algebraic equations and inequalities.
Key skills: Algebraic expressions, Equations and inequalitiesWrite and solve multi-step equations and inequalities in one variable involving rational numbers in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Multi-step equations, Solving inequalitiesWrite and evaluate expressions in one variable that model mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Expression modeling, EvaluationCompute unit rates, including those involving complex fractions with like or different units.
Key skills: Unit rates, Complex fractionsUse dimensional analysis to convert units between metric and customary systems.
Key skills: Dimensional analysis, Unit conversionApply mathematical patterns, properties, and algorithms to the set of rational numbers to find sums, differences, products, and quotients.
Key skills: Rational number operations, Mathematical patternsSimplify numerical expressions that include integer exponents using the laws of exponents.
Key skills: Laws of exponents, Expression simplificationIdentify linear expressions that are equivalent.
Key skills: Equivalent expressions, Linear expressionsRecognize that algebraic expressions may have a variety of equivalent forms and determine an appropriate form for a given situation.
Key skills: Equivalent forms, Contextual applicationFactor linear expressions with integer coefficients using the greatest common factor (GCF).
Key skills: Factoring, Greatest Common FactorApply all operations with rational numbers to solve problems in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Rational operations, Problem solvingConvert any form of a rational number to any other form including fractions (mixed numbers), decimals, and percentages.
Key skills: Number conversion, Rational numbersCompare real numbers and write statements using is equal to (=), is not equal to (≠), is less than (<), is greater than (>), is greater than or equal to (≥), or is less than or equal to (≤).
Key skills: Compare real numbers, Inequality symbolsClassify and order the subsets of real numbers in the number system including natural, whole, integer, rational, and irrational numbers.
Key skills: Classify numbers, Order real numbersDefine an equation in slope-intercept form (y = mx + b) as being a linear function.
Key skills: Define linear functions, Slope-intercept formIdentify and describe the constant rate of change and the y-intercept of a linear function.
Key skills: Rate of change, y-interceptDetermine if a graph, table, mapping, or verbal description is a function (linear or nonlinear) or not a function.
Key skills: Identify functions, Function representationsDescribe the key features of given functions, including domain, range, intervals of increasing or decreasing, constant, discrete, continuous, and intercepts.
Key skills: Function features, Domain and rangeUse multiple representations of two functions to compare the functions and draw conclusions.
Key skills: Compare functions, Multiple representationsTranslate among the multiple representations, including mappings, tables, graphs, verbal description, and equations (only when linear) of a function.
Key skills: Translate representations, Graphing functionsSolve multi-step one-variable equations and inequalities with variables on both sides with rational coefficients.
Key skills: Solve equations, Solve inequalitiesDescribe single-variable equations as having one solution, no solution, or an infinite number of solutions.
Key skills: Equation solutions, Analyze equationsIdentify the rate of change for a linear function as the slope of the line.
Key skills: Identify slope, Rate of changeExplain why the slope, m, is the same between any two distinct points on a linear graph.
Key skills: Constant slope, Linear graphsGiven a table or a graph, identify the slope and the y-intercept of a line and write a linear equation to express that line.
Key skills: Write linear equations, Find slope and interceptAnalyze patterns of perfect squares and perfect cubes to evaluate square roots and cube roots.
Key skills: Square roots, Cube rootsApproximate non-perfect square roots and cube roots to nearest tenth.
Key skills: Approximate roots, EstimationApply laws of exponents to simplify algebraic expressions involving no more than three variables and integer exponents.
Key skills: Exponent laws, Simplify expressionsGiven the geometric formulas, find the volume of cones, cylinders, and spheres in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Calculate volume, Geometric formulasFind the distance between any two points in the coordinate plane using the Pythagorean Theorem.
Key skills: Distance formula, Pythagorean TheoremGiven the Pythagorean Theorem, determine unknown side lengths in right triangles in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Solve right triangles, Pythagorean TheoremDetermine if a given set of sides forms a right triangle.
Key skills: Converse of Pythagorean Theorem, Right triangle verificationDetermine missing angle measurements created when parallel lines are cut by a transversal.
Key skills: Transversal angles, Parallel linesDetermine if two-dimensional figures are congruent or similar.
Key skills: Congruence, SimilarityIdentify the congruent corresponding angles of similar polygons.
Key skills: Corresponding angles, Similar polygonsDiscover and apply the Exterior Angle Theorem of triangles to find a missing angle.
Key skills: Exterior Angle Theorem, Triangle anglesApply proportional reasoning to find the missing side lengths of two similar figures.
Key skills: Proportional reasoning, Similar figuresIdentify the transformation as a rotation, reflection, and/or translation.
Key skills: Identify transformations, Geometric motionIdentify congruent angles and congruent line segments of a preimage and its image.
Key skills: Congruent parts, Transformation propertiesTranslate geometric figures vertically and/or horizontally.
Key skills: Translation, Coordinate planeReflect geometric figures with respect to the x-axis and/or y-axis.
Key skills: Reflection, Coordinate planeRotate geometric figures 90, 180, and 270 degrees, both clockwise and counterclockwise, about the origin in a coordinate plane.
Key skills: Rotation, Coordinate planeCreate a dilation using a given scale factor and describe the effect of a dilation.
Key skills: Dilation, Scale factorDescribe the effect of a series of transformations on two-dimensional figures using coordinates on the coordinate plane.
Key skills: Composite transformations, Coordinate geometryCreate and analyze scatter plots to represent numerical data sets in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Scatter plots, Bivariate dataDraw inferences about data sets from two populations using the shape of the distribution, measures of center, and measures of variability.
Key skills: Data inference, Statistical measuresDescribe how adding and deleting data throughout the data set can affect the mean, median, mode, and distribution of the data set.
Key skills: Data distribution, OutliersFor two data sets, compare and interpret the centers, spreads, and overlap of data to draw inferences in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Compare data sets, Interpret statisticsDetermine the sample space for a compound event. Use organized lists, tables, or tree diagrams.
Key skills: Sample space, Compound eventsCalculate and interpret the probability of compound independent and dependent events.
Key skills: Compound probability, Independent/Dependent eventsMake sense of problems and persevere in solving them strategically.
Key skills: Problem solving, Strategic thinkingExplain ideas using precise and contextually appropriate mathematical language, tools, and models.
Key skills: Communication, Mathematical modelingDemonstrate a deep and flexible conceptual understanding of mathematical ideas, operations, and relationships while making real-world connections.
Key skills: Conceptual understanding, Real-world applicationUse critical thinking skills to reason both abstractly and quantitatively.
Key skills: Critical thinking, Quantitative reasoningIdentify and apply regularity in repeated reasoning to make generalizations.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, GeneralizationRewrite numerical and algebraic expressions of irrational and rational numbers involving radicals, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Limit to square and cube roots.
Key skills: Radical expressions, Algebraic simplificationTranslate between rational exponents and radical expressions of irrational and rational numbers.
Key skills: Rational exponents, Radical formsTransform an equation in one variable to create new equations that have the same solution as the original and justify the steps taken.
Key skills: Equation transformation, Logical justificationSolve literal equations and formulas for a specified variable including equations and formulas that arise in a variety of disciplines.
Key skills: Literal equations, Formula manipulationSolve mathematical and real-world situations using linear, quadratic, exponential (same bases), and linear absolute value equations in one variable.
Key skills: Equation solving, Real-world modelingAdd, subtract, and multiply polynomials with initial terms up to a degree of 2.
Key skills: Polynomial operations, Algebraic fluencySolve and graph linear equations and inequalities in two variables.
Key skills: Linear graphing, Inequality solvingSolve and graph linear, quadratic, exponential, and linear absolute value equations given in tabular, symbolic, and/or verbal forms.
Key skills: Function graphing, Multiple representationsSummarize categorical data in two-way frequency tables, interpret relative frequencies in real-world situations, and informally determine possible associations and trends.
Key skills: Two-way tables, Data interpretationSummarize quantitative data in a table and on a scatterplot and describe how the variables are associated. Limit to linear data.
Key skills: Scatterplots, Data associationFind a linear function for a scatter plot that suggests a linear association.
Key skills: Linear modeling, Trend linesFor linear associations, use technology to determine the correlation coefficient, evaluate the strength of the association, and find the line of best fit.
Key skills: Correlation coefficient, Regression analysisUse two-way frequency tables to make inferences and interpret the data in terms of real-world or mathematical situations.
Key skills: Statistical inference, Data analysisInterpret the slope and the intercept of a linear model in the context of the data.
Key skills: Slope interpretation, Intercept analysisUse a linear model to interpolate and extrapolate unknown values close to the data set.
Key skills: Interpolation, ExtrapolationIdentify any limitations specific to a real-world situation, such as rounding or measurement constraints.
Key skills: Real-world constraints, Measurement accuracyRepresent data for two quantitative variables on a scatterplot and describe how the variables are related. Include linear and nonlinear associations.
Key skills: Bivariate data, Nonlinear associationUse two representative points from the data to find an approximate line of fit and compare it to the line of best fit.
Key skills: Line of fit, Data comparisonConduct an investigation for a statistical question, interpret statistical significance in context, and answer investigative questions appropriately.
Key skills: Statistical investigation, Significance testingDistinguish between correlation and causation in real-world contexts.
Key skills: Correlation vs causation, Critical analysisDescribe categories of events as subsets of a sample space using unions, intersections, or complements of other events.
Key skills: Set theory, Sample spacesApply the Addition Rule to find the probability of both mutually exclusive and not mutually exclusive events.
Key skills: Addition Rule, Probability calculationApply the Multiplication Rule to determine the probability of independent events and interpret the answers in context.
Key skills: Multiplication Rule, Independent eventsApply area and volume formulas of two- and three-dimensional figures to solve real-world situations.
Key skills: Area formulas, Volume calculationIdentify the shape of a two-dimensional cross-section of a three-dimensional figure.
Key skills: Cross-sections, 3D visualizationUse cross-sections of three-dimensional figures to model and solve mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Geometric modeling, Problem solvingDescribe the results of transformations on a given figure using geometric terminology from the definitions of the transformations.
Key skills: Geometric transformations, TerminologyDescribe and apply a sequence of transformations that maps a pre-image onto its image.
Key skills: Transformation sequences, MappingUse coordinates to prove simple geometric theorems algebraically.
Key skills: Coordinate proof, Algebraic geometryDetermine distance and midpoint of segments in a coordinate plane to find areas of triangles and quadrilaterals.
Key skills: Distance formula, Midpoint formulaDiscover and apply the formulas for the length of an arc and the area of a sector in a circle.
Key skills: Arc length, Sector areaApply the attributes of triangles in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Triangle properties, Geometric applicationUnderstand that there is an imaginary unit i such that i^2 = -1 and explain the structure of a complex number as a + bi.
Key skills: Complex numbers, Imaginary unitsDescribe events as subsets of a sample space using characteristics or categories of the outcomes.
Key skills: Probability events, Sample space analysisFind the conditional probability of A given B as the fraction of B's outcomes that also belong to A.
Key skills: Conditional probability, Fractional outcomesSolve quadratic inequalities that model mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Quadratic inequalities, Inequality modelingSolve polynomial inequalities that model mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Polynomial inequalities, ModelingRecognize perfect squares and perfect cubes and use them to describe the structure of polynomials.
Key skills: Polynomial structure, Factoring patternsDescribe the results of transformations on the graph of parent function y = f(x) for any real number k.
Key skills: Function transformation, Parent functionsGiven a real-world or mathematical situation, determine the parent graph that best models the situation.
Key skills: Function modeling, Graph selectionCompare key features of two different functions including intercepts, domain, range, and rate of change.
Key skills: Feature comparison, Function analysisSolve linear absolute value inequalities.
Key skills: Absolute value, Inequality solvingPlan and conduct an investigation to compare the effects of different strengths or different directions of pushes and pulls on the motion of an object.
Key skills: Investigating motion, Comparing forcesAnalyze data to determine if a design solution works as intended to change the speed or direction of an object with a push or a pull.
Key skills: Analyzing data, Design solutionsMake observations to determine the effect of sunlight on Earth’s surface.
Key skills: Observing sunlight, Earth's surfaceUse tools and materials to design and build a structure that will reduce the warming effect of sunlight on an area.
Key skills: Designing structures, Reducing heatUse observations to describe patterns of what plants and animals (including humans) need to survive.
Key skills: Describing patterns, Survival needsUse and share observations of local weather conditions to describe patterns over time.
Key skills: Weather patterns, Data sharingConstruct an argument supported by evidence for how plants and animals (including humans) can change the environment to meet their needs.
Key skills: Constructing arguments, Environmental changeUse a model to represent the relationship between the needs of different plants or animals (including humans) and the places they live.
Key skills: Modeling relationships, HabitatsAsk questions to obtain information about the purpose of weather forecasting to prepare for, and respond to, severe weather.
Key skills: Asking questions, Weather forecastingCommunicate solutions that will reduce the impact of humans on the land, water, air, and/or other living things in the local environment.
Key skills: Communicating solutions, Human impactAsk questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through a tool.
Key skills: Defining problems, Gathering informationDevelop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem.
Key skills: Developing models, Problem solvingAnalyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each performs.
Key skills: Analyzing data, Comparing designsPlan and conduct investigations to provide evidence that vibrating materials can make sound and that sound can make materials vibrate.
Key skills: investigation, sound vibrationsMake observations to support an evidence-based claim that objects in darkness can be seen only when illuminated by light sources.
Key skills: observation, light illuminationPlan and conduct an investigation to determine the effect of placing objects made with different materials in the path of a beam of light.
Key skills: investigation, light transmissionUse tools and materials to design and build a device that uses light or sound to communicate over a distance.
Key skills: design, communication technologyUse materials to design a solution to a human problem by mimicking how plants and/or animals use their external parts to help them survive, grow, and meet their needs.
Key skills: biomimicry, problem solvingObtain information from multiple sources to determine patterns in parent and offspring behavior that help offspring survive.
Key skills: information gathering, survival patternsMake observations to support an evidence-based claim that most young are like, but not exactly like, their parents.
Key skills: observation, trait variationUse observations of the sun, moon, and stars to describe patterns that can be predicted.
Key skills: observation, celestial patternsMake observations at different times of the year to relate the amount of daylight to the time of year.
Key skills: observation, seasonal daylightAsk questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through a new or improved object or tool.
Key skills: problem definition, information gatheringDevelop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem.
Key skills: modeling, functional designAnalyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses of how each performs.
Key skills: data analysis, comparative testingPlan and conduct an investigation to describe and classify different kinds of materials by their observable properties.
Key skills: Classifying materials, Observing propertiesAnalyze data obtained from testing different materials to determine which materials have the properties that are best suited for an intended purpose.
Key skills: Analyzing data, Testing materialsMake observations to construct an evidence-based account of how an object made of a small set of pieces can be disassembled and made into a new object.
Key skills: Constructing accounts, Assembling objectsConstruct an argument with evidence that some changes caused by heating or cooling can be reversed and some cannot.
Key skills: Constructing arguments, Reversible changesPlan and conduct an investigation to determine what plants need to grow.
Key skills: Planning investigations, Plant growthDevelop a simple model that mimics the function of an animal in dispersing seeds or pollinating plants.
Key skills: Developing models, Seed dispersalMake observations of plants and animals to compare patterns of diversity within different habitats.
Key skills: Comparing diversity, Habitat observationUse information from several sources to provide evidence that Earth events can occur quickly or slowly.
Key skills: Gathering evidence, Earth eventsCompare multiple solutions designed to slow or prevent wind or water from changing the shape of the land.
Key skills: Comparing solutions, Erosion preventionDevelop a model to represent the shapes and kinds of land and bodies of water in an area.
Key skills: Developing models, Mapping landformsObtain information to identify where water is found on Earth and that it can be solid or liquid.
Key skills: Obtaining information, Water statesDesign solutions to address human impacts on natural resources in the local environment.
Key skills: Designing solutions, Human impactAsk questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem.
Key skills: Defining problems, Asking questionsDevelop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed.
Key skills: Developing sketches, Form and functionAnalyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths and weaknesses.
Key skills: Analyzing data, Comparing performancePlan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence of the effects of balanced and unbalanced forces on the motion of an object.
Key skills: Investigation, Balanced/Unbalanced ForcesMake observations and measurements of an object's motion to provide evidence that a pattern can be used to predict future motion.
Key skills: Observation, Predicting MotionAsk questions to determine cause-and-effect relationships of electric interactions and magnetic interactions between two objects not in contact.
Key skills: Questioning, Electric/Magnetic InteractionsDevelop possible solutions to a simple design problem by applying scientific ideas about magnets.
Key skills: Design Solutions, MagnetsDevelop and use models to describe how organisms change in predictable patterns during their unique and diverse life cycles.
Key skills: Modeling, Life CyclesConstruct an argument that some animals form groups that help members survive.
Key skills: Argumentation, Animal GroupsAnalyze and interpret data to provide evidence that plants and animals have traits inherited from parents and that variation exists.
Key skills: Data Analysis, Inherited TraitsUse evidence to support the explanation that traits can be influenced by the environment.
Key skills: Evidence-based Explanation, Environmental InfluenceAnalyze and interpret data from fossils to provide evidence of the organisms and the environments in which they lived long ago.
Key skills: Data Analysis, FossilsUse evidence to construct an explanation for how variations in traits among individuals of the same species provide advantages in surviving.
Key skills: Explanation, Survival AdvantagesConstruct an argument with evidence that in a particular habitat some organisms can thrive, struggle to survive, or fail to survive.
Key skills: Argumentation, Habitat SuitabilityMake a claim about the merit of a solution to a problem caused when the environment changes and types of organisms may change.
Key skills: Claim-making, Environmental ChangeRepresent data in tables and graphical displays of typical weather conditions during a particular season to identify patterns and make predictions.
Key skills: Data Representation, Weather PatternsObtain and combine information to describe climate patterns in different regions of the world.
Key skills: Information Synthesis, Climate PatternsMake a claim about the effectiveness of a design solution that reduces the impacts of a weather related hazard.
Key skills: Claim-making, Weather Hazard SolutionsUse evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Analyze speed and energyMake observations to provide evidence that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.
Key skills: Observe energy transfer, Identify energy formsAsk questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide.
Key skills: Predict collision outcomes, Ask scientific questionsApply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.
Key skills: Design energy devices, Test and refine solutionsDevelop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength and that waves can cause objects to move.
Key skills: Develop wave models, Describe wave patternsDevelop a model to describe that light reflecting from objects and entering the eye allows objects to be seen.
Key skills: Model light reflection, Explain visionGenerate and compare multiple solutions that use patterns to transfer information.
Key skills: Compare information transfer, Use patternsConstruct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function together in a system to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.
Key skills: Construct arguments, Identify biological structuresUse a model to describe that animals receive different types of information through their senses, process the information in their brain, and respond in different ways.
Key skills: Model sensory processing, Describe animal responsesIdentify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time.
Key skills: Identify fossil evidence, Explain landscape changesMake observations and/or measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation.
Key skills: Measure erosion rates, Observe weatheringAnalyze and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth's features.
Key skills: Analyze map data, Identify Earth featuresObtain and combine information to describe that energy and fuels are derived from natural resources and how their uses affect the environment.
Key skills: Gather resource info, Describe environmental impactGenerate and compare multiple solutions to reduce the impacts of natural Earth processes on humans.
Key skills: Compare hazard solutions, Reduce natural impactsDevelop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen.
Key skills: Modeling, Particle theoryMeasure and graph quantities to provide evidence that regardless of the type of change that occurs when heating, cooling, or mixing substances, the total weight of matter is conserved.
Key skills: Measurement, Conservation of massMake observations and measurements to identify materials based on their properties.
Key skills: Observation, Material propertiesConduct an investigation to determine whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances.
Key skills: Investigation, Chemical changesSupport an argument that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed down.
Key skills: Argumentation, GravityUse models to describe that energy in animals’ food (used for body repair, growth, motion, and to maintain body warmth) was once energy from the sun.
Key skills: Modeling, Energy flowSupport an argument with evidence that plants obtain materials they need for growth mainly from air and water.
Key skills: Argumentation, Plant growthDevelop a model to describe the movement of matter among plants, animals, decomposers, and the environment.
Key skills: Modeling, EcosystemsSupport an argument with evidence that the apparent brightness of the sun compared to other stars is due to their relative distances from Earth.
Key skills: Argumentation, Stellar brightnessRepresent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in length and direction of shadows, day and night, and the seasonal appearance of some stars in the night sky.
Key skills: Data analysis, Earth's rotationDevelop a model using an example to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and/or atmosphere interact.
Key skills: Modeling, Earth systemsDescribe and graph the amounts of saltwater and fresh water in various reservoirs to provide evidence about the distribution of water on Earth.
Key skills: Data analysis, Water distributionEvaluate potential solutions to problems that individual communities face in protecting the Earth’s resources and environment.
Key skills: Evaluation, Environmental protectionDefine a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost.
Key skills: Problem definition, Design constraintsGenerate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.
Key skills: Solution generation, ComparisonPlan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.
Key skills: Testing, OptimizationDevelop and use a model that predicts and describes changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added or removed.
Key skills: Model particle motion, Predict state changesApply scientific principles to design, construct, and test a device that either minimizes or maximizes thermal energy transfer.
Key skills: Design thermal devices, Test energy transferPlan an investigation to determine the relationships among the energy transferred, the type of matter, the mass, and the change in the average kinetic energy of the particles.
Key skills: Plan investigations, Analyze kinetic energyDevelop and use a model to describe that waves are reflected, absorbed, or transmitted through various materials.
Key skills: Model wave behavior, Describe transmissionConduct an investigation to provide evidence that living things are made of cells; either one cell or many different numbers and types of cells.
Key skills: Investigate cell structure, Identify cell typesDevelop and use a model to describe the function of a cell as a whole and ways parts of cells contribute to the function.
Key skills: Model cell functions, Identify cell partsUse argument supported by evidence for how the body is a system of interacting subsystems composed of groups of cells.
Key skills: Argue from evidence, Analyze body systemsGather and synthesize information that sensory receptors respond to stimuli by sending messages to the brain for immediate behavior or storage as memories.
Key skills: Synthesize information, Explain sensory responseConstruct a scientific explanation based on evidence from rock strata for how the geologic time scale is used to organize Earth's 4.6-billion-year-old history.
Key skills: Explain rock strata, Analyze geologic timeDevelop a model to describe the cycling of Earth's materials and the flow of energy that drives this process.
Key skills: Model material cycling, Describe energy flowConstruct an explanation based on evidence for how geoscience processes have changed Earth's surface at varying time and spatial scales.
Key skills: Explain surface changes, Analyze spatial scalesAnalyze and interpret data on the distribution of fossils and rocks, continental shapes, and seafloor structures to provide evidence of the past plate motions.
Key skills: Interpret fossil data, Evidence plate motionDevelop a model to describe the cycling of water through Earth's systems driven by energy from the sun and the force of gravity.
Key skills: Model water cycle, Identify driving forcesAnalyze and interpret data to provide evidence for how the motions and complex interactions of air masses result in changes in weather conditions.
Key skills: Analyze air masses, Predict weather changesDevelop and use models to describe how unequal heating and rotation of the Earth cause patterns of atmospheric and oceanic circulation that determine regional climates.
Key skills: Model circulation, Explain regional climateAnalyze and interpret data on natural hazards to forecast future catastrophic events and inform the development of technologies to mitigate their effects.
Key skills: Forecast hazards, Mitigate hazard effectsAsking Questions and Defining Problems
Key skills: Formulate questions, Define problemsDeveloping and Using Models
Key skills: Create models, Use simulationsPlanning and Carrying Out Investigations
Key skills: Design experiments, Collect dataAnalyzing and Interpreting Data
Key skills: Identify patterns, Statistical analysisUsing Mathematics and Computational Thinking
Key skills: Apply math, Computational modelingConstructing Explanations and Designing Solutions
Key skills: Explain phenomena, Solve problemsEngaging in Argument from Evidence
Key skills: Evaluate claims, Scientific reasoningObtaining, Evaluating, and Communicating Information
Key skills: Read text, Communicate resultsDevelop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules and extended structures.
Key skills: Modeling, Atomic composition, Molecular structureAnalyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.
Key skills: Data analysis, Chemical reactions, Property identificationGather and make sense of information to describe that synthetic materials come from natural resources and impact society.
Key skills: Information gathering, Synthetic materials, Societal impactDevelop and use a model to describe how the total number of atoms does not change in a chemical reaction and thus mass is conserved.
Key skills: Modeling, Conservation of mass, Chemical reactionsUndertake a design project to construct, test, and modify a device that either releases or absorbs thermal energy by chemical processes.
Key skills: Engineering design, Thermal energy, Chemical processesConstruct and interpret graphical displays of data to describe the proportional relationships of kinetic energy to the mass of an object and to the speed of an object.
Key skills: Data interpretation, Kinetic energy, Graphical analysisDevelop a model to describe that when the arrangement of objects interacting at a distance changes, different amounts of potential energy are stored in the system.
Key skills: Modeling, Potential energy, System interactionsConstruct, use, and present arguments to support the claim that when the kinetic energy of an object changes, energy is transferred to or from the object.
Key skills: Argumentation, Kinetic energy, Energy transferConstruct a scientific explanation based on evidence for the role of photosynthesis in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out of organisms.
Key skills: Scientific explanation, Photosynthesis, Energy flowDevelop a model to describe how food molecules in plants and animals are rearranged through chemical reactions forming new molecules that support growth and/or release energy.
Key skills: Modeling, Cellular respiration, Molecule rearrangementAnalyze and interpret data to provide evidence for the effects of resource availability on organisms and populations of organisms in an ecosystem.
Key skills: Data analysis, Resource availability, Population dynamicsConstruct an explanation that predicts patterns of interactions among organisms across multiple ecosystems.
Key skills: Scientific explanation, Organism interactions, Ecosystem patternsDevelop a model to describe the cycling of matter and flow of energy among living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem.
Key skills: Modeling, Matter cycling, Energy flowConstruct an argument supported by empirical evidence that changes to physical or biological components of an ecosystem affect populations.
Key skills: Argumentation, Ecosystem changes, Population impactEvaluate competing design solutions for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services.
Key skills: Evaluation, Biodiversity, Ecosystem servicesConstruct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how the uneven distributions of Earth's mineral, energy, and groundwater resources are the result of geoscience processes.
Key skills: Scientific explanation, Natural resources, Geoscience processesApply scientific principles to design a method for monitoring and minimizing a human impact on the environment.
Key skills: Engineering design, Human impact, Environmental monitoringConstruct an argument supported by evidence for how increases in human population and per-capita consumption of natural resources impact Earth's systems.
Key skills: Argumentation, Population growth, Resource consumptionAsk questions to clarify evidence of the factors that have impacted global temperatures over the past century.
Key skills: Questioning, Climate change, Global temperaturesApply Newton's third law to design a solution to a problem involving the motion of two colliding objects.
Key skills: Newton's Third Law, Collision design, Force pairsPlan an investigation to provide evidence that the change in an object's motion depends on the sum of the forces on the object and the mass of the object.
Key skills: Newton's Second Law, Experimental design, Mass and accelerationAnalyze and interpret data to determine the factors that affect the strength of electric and magnetic forces.
Key skills: Data analysis, Electric forces, Magnetic forcesConstruct and present arguments using evidence to support the claim that gravitational interactions are attractive and depend on the masses of interacting objects and the distance between them.
Key skills: Argumentation, Gravity, Mass and distanceConduct an investigation and evaluate the experimental design to provide evidence that fields exist between objects exerting forces on each other even though the objects are not in contact.
Key skills: Field theory, Non-contact forces, Experimental evaluationUsing mathematical representations, describe a simple model for waves that includes how the amplitude of a wave is related to the energy in a wave.
Key skills: Wave modeling, Amplitude and energy, Mathematical representationCommunicate information to support the claim that digital devices are used to improve our understanding of how waves transmit information.
Key skills: Digital signals, Information transfer, CommunicationUse arguments, based on empirical evidence and scientific reasoning, to support an explanation for how characteristic animal behaviors and specialized plant structures affect the probability of successful reproduction.
Key skills: Reproduction, Animal behavior, Plant structuresConstruct a scientific explanation based on evidence for how environmental and genetic factors influence the growth of organisms.
Key skills: Organism growth, Environmental factors, Genetic factorsDevelop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects.
Key skills: Genetic mutations, Protein function, ModelingDevelop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation.
Key skills: Reproduction types, Genetic variation, Inheritance modelingAnalyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms throughout the history of life on Earth.
Key skills: Fossil record, Data patterns, Evolutionary historyApply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer their ancestral relationships.
Key skills: Comparative anatomy, Ancestral relationships, Scientific explanationConstruct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increase some individual's probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment.
Key skills: Natural selection, Survival probability, Genetic variationGather and synthesize information about technologies that have changed the way humans influence the inheritance of desired traits in organisms.
Key skills: Artificial selection, Genetic technology, Information synthesisUse mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time.
Key skills: Population trends, Natural selection, Mathematical modelingDevelop and use a model of the Earth-sun-moon system to describe the cyclic patterns of lunar phases, eclipses of the sun and moon, tides, and seasons.
Key skills: Earth-Sun-Moon system, Cyclic patterns, ModelingDevelop and use a model to describe the role of gravity in the motions within galaxies and the solar system.
Key skills: Gravity, Orbital motion, Galactic structureEvaluate information to determine scale properties of objects in the solar system.
Key skills: Scale properties, Solar system objects, Information evaluationConstruct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Analyze DNA structureDevelop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.
Key skills: Develop models, Identify body systemsPlan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.
Key skills: Plan investigations, Explain homeostasisUse a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.
Key skills: Use models, Describe mitosisUse a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.
Key skills: Model energy transfer, Explain photosynthesisConstruct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and other large carbon-based molecules.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Identify biomoleculesUse a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed, resulting in a net transfer of energy.
Key skills: Model respiration, Analyze energy transferUse mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.
Key skills: Use math models, Explain carrying capacityUse mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence about factors affecting biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.
Key skills: Analyze biodiversity, Use math representationsConstruct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Key skills: Explain matter cycling, Analyze energy flowUse mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.
Key skills: Model energy flow, Analyze matter cyclingDevelop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere.
Key skills: Model carbon cycle, Explain photosynthesis/respirationEvaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions.
Key skills: Evaluate evidence, Analyze ecosystem stabilityDesign, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and biodiversity.
Key skills: Design solutions, Evaluate human impactEvaluate the evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species’ chances to survive and reproduce.
Key skills: Evaluate evidence, Analyze group behaviorAsk questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.
Key skills: Ask questions, Explain trait inheritanceMake and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations.
Key skills: Defend claims, Analyze genetic variationApply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population.
Key skills: Apply statistics, Explain trait distributionCommunicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.
Key skills: Communicate info, Analyze evolution evidenceConstruct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) genetic variation, (3) competition, and (4) proliferation.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Identify evolution factorsApply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.
Key skills: Apply statistics, Explain natural selectionConstruct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Analyze adaptationEvaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species, and (3) extinction.
Key skills: Evaluate evidence, Analyze environmental impactCreate or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity.
Key skills: Create simulations, Mitigate human impactUse the periodic table as a model to predict the relative properties of elements based on the patterns of electrons in the outermost energy level of atoms.
Key skills: Use periodic table, Predict element propertiesConstruct and revise an explanation for the outcome of a simple chemical reaction based on the outermost electron states of atoms, trends in the periodic table, and knowledge of the patterns of chemical properties.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Predict reaction outcomesPlan and conduct an investigation to gather evidence to compare the structure of substances at a bulk scale to infer the strength of various forces between particles.
Key skills: Plan investigations, Compare particle forcesDevelop a model to illustrate that the release or absorption of energy from a chemical reaction system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.
Key skills: Develop models, Analyze bond energyApply scientific principles and evidence to provide an explanation about the effects of changing the temperature or concentration of the reacting particles on the rate at which a reaction occurs.
Key skills: Apply principles, Explain reaction ratesRefine the design of a chemical system by specifying a change in conditions that would produce increased amounts of products at equilibrium.
Key skills: Refine designs, Analyze equilibriumUse mathematical representations to support the claim that atoms, and therefore mass, are conserved during a chemical reaction.
Key skills: Use math representations, Explain mass conservationDevelop models to illustrate the changes in the composition of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission, fusion, and radioactive decay.
Key skills: Develop models, Analyze nuclear processesCommunicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.
Key skills: Communicate info, Analyze material structurePlan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that the transfer of thermal energy results in a more uniform energy distribution among the components in the system.
Key skills: Plan investigations, Analyze thermal transferEvaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.
Key skills: Evaluate claims, Analyze radiation absorptionAnalyze data to support the claim that Newton’s second law of motion describes the mathematical relationship among the net force on a macroscopic object, its mass, and its acceleration.
Key skills: Analyze data, Apply Newton's 2nd LawUse mathematical representations to support the claim that the total momentum of a system of objects is conserved when there is no net force on the system.
Key skills: Use math representations, Explain momentum conservationApply scientific and engineering ideas to design, evaluate, and refine a device that minimizes the effect of a force on a macroscopic object during a collision.
Key skills: Design devices, Minimize collision forceUse mathematical representations of Newton’s Law of Gravitation and Coulomb’s Law to describe and predict the gravitational and electrostatic forces between objects.
Key skills: Use math representations, Predict field forcesPlan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that an electric current can produce a magnetic field and that a changing magnetic field can produce an electric current.
Key skills: Plan investigations, Analyze electromagnetismCommunicate scientific and technical information about why the molecular-level structure is important in the functioning of designed materials.
Key skills: Communicate info, Analyze material structureCreate a computational model to calculate the change in the energy of one component in a system when the change in energy of the other component(s) and energy flows in and out of the system are known.
Key skills: Create models, Calculate energy changeDevelop and use a model to illustrate that energy at the macroscopic scale can be accounted for as a combination of energy associated with the motions of particles and energy associated with the relative position of particles.
Key skills: Develop models, Analyze particle energyDesign, build, and refine a device that works within given constraints to convert one form of energy into another form of energy.
Key skills: Design devices, Convert energy formsDevelop and use a model of two objects interacting through electric or magnetic fields to illustrate the forces between objects and the changes in energy of the objects due to the interaction.
Key skills: Develop models, Analyze field interactionsUse mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media.
Key skills: Use math representations, Analyze wave propertiesEvaluate questions about the advantages of using a digital transmission and storage of information.
Key skills: Evaluate questions, Analyze digital signalsEvaluate the claims, evidence, and reasoning behind the idea that electromagnetic radiation can be described either by a wave model or a particle model.
Key skills: Evaluate claims, Analyze wave-particle dualityEvaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.
Key skills: Evaluate claims, Analyze radiation absorptionCommunicate technical information about how some technological devices use the principles of wave behavior and wave interactions with matter to transmit and capture information and energy.
Key skills: Communicate info, Analyze wave technologyDevelop a model based on evidence to illustrate that energy generated by nuclear fusion within the sun (and other stars) radiates to and influences orbiting planets.
Key skills: Develop models, Analyze nuclear fusionConstruct an explanation of the Big Bang Theory based on evidence to show that the universe is changing over time.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Analyze Big Bang evidenceConstruct an explanation using evidence to explain the ways elements are produced over the life cycle of a star.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Analyze stellar lifecyclesUse mathematical or computational representations to predict the motion of orbiting objects in the universe due to gravity.
Key skills: Use math representations, Predict orbital motionEvaluate evidence of the past and current movements of continental and oceanic crust and the theory of plate tectonics to explain the ages of crustal rocks.
Key skills: Evaluate evidence, Explain plate tectonicsApply scientific reasoning and evidence from ancient Earth materials, meteorites, and other planetary surfaces to construct an account of Earth’s formation and early history.
Key skills: Apply reasoning, Explain Earth's historyUse evidence to argue how Earth’s internal and external processes operate to form and modify continental and ocean-floor features throughout Earth’s history.
Key skills: Use evidence, Analyze Earth processesAnalyze data to make the claim that one change to Earth’s surface can create feedbacks that cause changes to other Earth systems.
Key skills: Analyze data, Identify system feedbacksDevelop a model based on evidence of Earth’s interior to describe the cycling of matter by thermal convection.
Key skills: Develop models, Explain thermal convectionUse a model to describe how variations in the flow of energy into and out of Earth’s systems result in changes in climate.
Key skills: Use models, Analyze climate changePlan and conduct an investigation of the properties of water and its effects on Earth materials and surface processes.
Key skills: Plan investigations, Analyze water propertiesDevelop a model to describe the cycling of carbon among the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.
Key skills: Develop models, Explain carbon cycleConstruct an argument based on evidence about the simultaneous coevolution of Earth’s systems and life on Earth.
Key skills: Construct arguments, Analyze coevolutionConstruct an explanation based on evidence for how the availability of natural resources, occurrence of natural hazards, and changes in climate have influenced human activity.
Key skills: Construct explanations, Analyze resource impactEvaluate competing design solutions for developing, managing, and utilizing energy and mineral resources based on cost-benefit ratios.
Key skills: Evaluate solutions, Analyze resource managementCreate a computational simulation to illustrate the relationships among management of natural resources, the sustainability of human populations, and biodiversity.
Key skills: Create simulations, Analyze sustainabilityEvaluate or refine a technological solution that reduces impacts of human activities on natural systems.
Key skills: Evaluate solutions, Reduce human impactAnalyze geoscience data and the results from global climate models to make an evidence-based forecast of the current rate of global or regional climate change.
Key skills: Analyze data, Forecast climate changeUse a computational representation to illustrate the relationships among Earth systems and how those relationships are being modified due to human activity.
Key skills: Use representations, Analyze human activityUtilize the college and career skills of a historian to study continuity and change over time for one’s personal history and one’s community.
Key skills: Historical thinking, Continuity and changeIdentify similarities and differences between oneself and others.
Key skills: Comparison, Self-awarenessExamine ways in which individuals change or stay the same over time.
Key skills: Causation, Chronological thinkingIdentify different forms of evidence used in historical inquiry, such as digital sources, maps, photographs/images, or texts.
Key skills: Evidence analysis, Source identificationUtilize the college and career skills of a geographer to apply map skills and draw conclusions about place in one’s personal community.
Key skills: Geographic thinking, Map skillsIdentify a map, various map features, and explain the purpose of maps.
Key skills: Map identification, Spatial awarenessUtilize sources of geographic information to define and identify cultural and/or natural features.
Key skills: Information literacy, Feature identificationDescribe the human and physical characteristics of the local community.
Key skills: Community description, Physical geographyExplain how environmental characteristics and human-induced changes affect how people live in a community.
Key skills: Human-environment interaction, CausationUtilize the college and career skills of an economist to understand how people make choices to satisfy their wants and needs.
Key skills: Economic thinking, Decision makingIdentify the differences between basic needs and wants.
Key skills: Needs vs. wants, CategorizationIdentify the ways in which people exchange goods and services.
Key skills: Economic exchange, Goods and servicesExplain how people make choices because of scarcity.
Key skills: Scarcity, ChoiceUtilize the college and career skills of a political scientist to understand the role of the individual in a community.
Key skills: Civic thinking, Political scienceIdentify the roles and responsibilities of self and others in the school and community.
Key skills: Responsibility, Role identificationIdentify and explain the purpose of rules in the classroom and community.
Key skills: Rule following, Civic orderIdentify and explain the significance of various symbols and holidays of the United States and South Carolina.
Key skills: Symbolism, Cultural heritageExplain how individuals can work together to improve their community.
Key skills: Collaboration, Community improvementUtilize the college and career skills of a historian to study continuity and change over time in South Carolina.
Key skills: Historical thinking, Continuity and changeIdentify similarities and differences between one's community and other South Carolina communities over time.
Key skills: Comparison, Community studyAnalyze a current event in South Carolina and make predictions about possible outcomes.
Key skills: Current events, PredictionEvaluate different sources of evidence used in historical inquiry, such as art, artifacts, digital sources, and oral histories.
Key skills: Source analysis, Evidence evaluationUtilize the college and career skills of a geographer to apply map skills and draw conclusions about places in South Carolina.
Key skills: Map skills, Spatial thinkingIdentify various types of maps, map features, and the purpose of maps.
Key skills: Map identification, Map featuresIdentify and describe the geographic location of South Carolina in relation to the rest of the United States.
Key skills: Relative location, Geographic toolsIdentify and differentiate between rural, suburban, and urban areas within South Carolina.
Key skills: Area classification, Regional differencesDescribe and compare various landforms within South Carolina through the use of primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Landform analysis, Source comparisonUtilize the college and career skills of an economist to understand how economic decisions affect South Carolinians.
Key skills: Economic reasoning, Decision makingCompare goods and services in the school, community, and state.
Key skills: Goods and services, Economic comparisonExplain how goods and services change over time.
Key skills: Economic change, ContinuityResearch and describe how goods and services differ in rural, suburban, and urban areas in South Carolina.
Key skills: Regional economics, Economic researchIdentify an economic want or need at the local or state level and create a solution in the form of a good or a service.
Key skills: Problem solving, Economic solutionsUtilize the college and career skills of a political scientist to understand the role of a citizen and the function of government.
Key skills: Civic participation, Political scienceDemonstrate how civic dispositions encourage citizens with diverse beliefs and backgrounds to work together for a common goal.
Key skills: Civic dispositions, CollaborationDescribe the basic purpose, structure, and functions of South Carolina’s government at both the local and state level.
Key skills: Government structure, Civic functionsDemonstrate ways to display active and responsible citizenship in local and state government.
Key skills: Active citizenship, ResponsibilityCollaborate with others to identify, resolve, and communicate resolutions on a local or state issue.
Key skills: Issue resolution, CommunicationUtilize the historical thinking skills of comparison, cause and effect, continuities and changes, and sourcing to study the diversity of the United States.
Key skills: Historical thinking, Comparison, SourcingIdentify and compare significant historical events, moments, and symbols in U.S. history.
Key skills: Identifying events, Comparing symbolsExamine current or past events from U.S. history, and discuss the possible causes and effects.
Key skills: Analyzing causes, Discussing effectsAnalyze patterns of continuities and changes within U.S. history through the use of a variety of sources.
Key skills: Analyzing patterns, Using sourcesEvaluate different forms of evidence used in historical inquiry and determine their validity.
Key skills: Evaluating evidence, Determining validityUtilize the college and career skills of a geographer to apply map skills and draw conclusions about the United States.
Key skills: Map skills, Drawing conclusionsIdentify the geographic location of the U.S. in relation to the rest of the world.
Key skills: Identifying location, Map readingDescribe and compare various landforms over time within the U.S. through the use of primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Describing landforms, Comparing featuresExplain how the distribution of human features, physical features, and natural resources within the U.S. changes over time.
Key skills: Explaining distribution, Connecting resourcesUtilize the college and career skills of an economist to understand how economic decisions affect citizenship within the United States.
Key skills: Economic decision-making, Understanding citizenshipExamine the purpose of currency and how income, savings, and spending are parts of a budget.
Key skills: Examining currency, BudgetingExplain how budgets change as wants and needs or the availability of goods and services change.
Key skills: Explaining budgets, Analyzing needsCreate a simple budget, and articulate the priorities using economic terms such as expenses, income, and savings.
Key skills: Creating budgets, Articulating prioritiesInterpret data to show how geographic location and available resources impact economic decision-making.
Key skills: Interpreting data, Analyzing resourcesResponsible citizenship requires individuals of diverse cultural backgrounds to employ dispositions that promote strong relationships to develop solutions to communal problems.
Key skills: Civic dispositions, Problem solvingIdentify cultural and ethnic groups in the U.S., explore their characteristics, and communicate how civic dispositions build relationships.
Key skills: Identifying groups, Building relationshipsUse primary and secondary sources to research a national figure who demonstrated civic dispositions.
Key skills: Researching figures, Using sourcesAnalyze how rights are granted to U.S. citizens through the founding documents.
Key skills: Analyzing rights, Understanding documentsUse evidence to propose and communicate a resolution to a national issue.
Key skills: Proposing resolutions, Communicating issuesUtilize an alphanumeric grid to locate the continents and oceans.
Key skills: Map reading, Location identificationLocate the world’s four hemispheres by using the major components of latitude and longitude.
Key skills: Coordinate systems, Hemisphere identificationIdentify the spatial hierarchy of political and physical geographic features.
Key skills: Spatial hierarchy, Scale analysisRecognize and explain how physical features are distributed around the world.
Key skills: Physical geography, Distribution analysisIdentify and analyze the ways people interact with the physical environment in different regions.
Key skills: Human-environment interaction, Settlement patternsIdentify spatial variations in climates and recognize the relationship between climate and human activities.
Key skills: Climate analysis, Human adaptationIdentify the range of natural hazards facing people and explain population vulnerability.
Key skills: Natural hazards, Vulnerability assessmentUse maps and geographic information to draw conclusions about patterns of natural disasters.
Key skills: Data analysis, Pattern recognitionDevelop a natural disaster safety plan for a community.
Key skills: Safety planning, Community preparednessInvestigate the cultural characteristics of places and regions around the world.
Key skills: Cultural characteristics, Geographic influenceInvestigate the economic and land use characteristics of places and regions around the world.
Key skills: Economic systems, Land useResearch and create a geographic representation of a group to communicate findings about their culture.
Key skills: Research, Geographic representationInvestigate the reasons behind human exploration and migration.
Key skills: Migration motives, Push-pull factorsUse maps and other geographic representations to identify and analyze patterns of exploration and migration.
Key skills: Mapping migration, Pattern analysisExplain the effects of human exploration and migration on people and places.
Key skills: Impact of migration, Cultural exchangeUse maps and other geographic representations to identify how migration patterns affect people and places.
Key skills: Regional change, Migration effectsDemonstrate an understanding of the settlement and colonization of North America, including South Carolina, between 1600–1730.
Key skills: Historical understanding, Colonial analysisCompare the interactions among cultural groups as a result of European colonization.
Key skills: Cultural comparison, Interaction analysisIdentify the effects of changing economic systems on the diverse populations in British North America.
Key skills: Economic impact, Population analysisExplain the development of political institutions and social characteristics that defined the British colonial regions.
Key skills: Political development, Social characterizationContextualize the experience of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans in South Carolina.
Key skills: Historical context, Group experiencesIdentify patterns of change and continuity in the development of economic systems in British North America.
Key skills: Change and continuity, Economic systemsAnalyze multiple perspectives on the economic, political, and social developments of British North America and South Carolina.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Evidence evaluationDemonstrate an understanding of the identity of a new nation, including the state of South Carolina between 1730–1800.
Key skills: National identity, State historyCompare the roles of marginalized groups during the American Revolution.
Key skills: Role comparison, Revolutionary historyExamine the economic and political motivations for colonists to declare independence from Great Britain.
Key skills: Motivation analysis, Political examinationAnalyze the sequence of events that led to the establishment of the U.S. as a democratic republic.
Key skills: Sequence analysis, Government formationContextualize South Carolina's role in the development of the new nation.
Key skills: Role contextualization, State contributionExplain the continuities and changes in natural rights as seen from the French and Indian War to the creation of the Bill of Rights.
Key skills: Rights analysis, Historical changeAnalyze multiple perspectives on the economic, political, and social developments of the new nation.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Evidence evaluationDemonstrate an understanding of the expansion and growth of South Carolina and the United States between 1800–1850.
Key skills: Expansion analysis, Growth evaluationCompare the motivations for and reactions to various expeditions into the Western territories.
Key skills: Motivation comparison, Reaction analysisAnalyze the effects of government policies in promoting United States territorial expansion into the west.
Key skills: Policy analysis, Expansion effectsAnalyze the role of technology and the environmental impact during the period of Westward Expansion.
Key skills: Technology role, Environmental impactContextualize South Carolina's role in the development of sectionalism during the antebellum period.
Key skills: Sectionalism context, Antebellum historyRecognize patterns of continuity and change in the experiences of Native Americans and Spanish-speaking people as the U.S. expanded westward.
Key skills: Experience patterns, Change and continuityAnalyze multiple perspectives on the economic, political, and social developments of the United States during the period of Westward Expansion.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Evidence evaluationDemonstrate an understanding of the expansion and growth of South Carolina and the United States between 1850–1865.
Key skills: Conflict analysis, Growth evaluationCompare the economic and political causes of the Civil War.
Key skills: Cause comparison, Economic/Political analysisExplain the effects of military strategies utilized by the Union and the Confederacy.
Key skills: Strategy analysis, Military effectsExplain how emancipation was achieved as a result of civic participation.
Key skills: Emancipation process, Civic participationContextualize South Carolina's experience during the Civil War.
Key skills: State experience, War contextIdentify and evaluate the economic, political, and social changes experienced throughout the Civil War.
Key skills: Change evaluation, War impactAnalyze multiple perspectives of the economic, political, and social divisions during the Civil War.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Division evaluationDemonstrate an understanding of the contributions different groups made to impact the economic, political, and social developments during Reconstruction of the United States and South Carolina in the period of 1860–1880.
Key skills: Reconstruction analysis, Group contributionsCompare the roles of various groups on Reconstruction.
Key skills: Role comparison, Group analysisAnalyze the impact of federal legislation on the South during Reconstruction.
Key skills: Legislation impact, Federal policySummarize Reconstruction as a turning point in American history.
Key skills: Turning point, Historical summaryContextualize the economic, labor, political, and social conditions in South Carolina during the period of Reconstruction.
Key skills: Condition context, State ReconstructionIdentify and evaluate the impact of economic, political, and social events on the African American experience throughout Reconstruction.
Key skills: Experience evaluation, Event impactAnalyze multiple perspectives of the economic, political, and social effects of Reconstruction on different populations in the South and in other regions of the U.S.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Regional effectsCompare the physical landscape and demographics of the U.S. before and after the Transcontinental Railroad.
Key skills: Comparative analysis, Geographic impactExamine push- and pull-factors related to immigration and expansion on urban and rural populations during the period.
Key skills: Causality, Demographic analysisSummarize how the United States' involvement in the Spanish American War led to increased U.S. economic expansion and imperialism.
Key skills: Summarization, Historical significanceContextualize how the Second Industrial Revolution led to an increased desire for raw materials and U.S. involvement in imperialistic efforts.
Key skills: Contextualization, Economic analysisSummarize how imperialism and economic expansion impacted the experiences of different groups and shaped American cultural identities.
Key skills: Continuity and change, Cultural identityAnalyze multiple perspectives on the economic, political, and social effects of western expansion, the Industrial Revolution, and immigration.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Evidence evaluationCompare the cultural and economic impacts of the 1929 Stock Market Crash on the U.S. and South Carolina.
Key skills: Comparative analysis, Economic impactExamine the primary causes of World War I and the events which led to U.S. involvement.
Key skills: Causality, Historical inquirySummarize how the role of the federal government expanded during the period.
Key skills: Summarization, Civic understandingContextualize the post-war economic climate on the cultural landscape throughout the United States and South Carolina.
Key skills: Contextualization, Cultural analysisAnalyze the continuities and changes of the 1920s and the Great Depression.
Key skills: Continuity and change, Historical analysisAnalyze multiple perspectives on the economic, political, and social impacts of WWI, the 1920s, the Great Depression, and the New Deal.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Evidence evaluationCompare the ideologies and policies that led to World War II.
Key skills: Ideological comparison, Policy analysisAnalyze the cause and effect of government-sponsored policies related to the status of different groups, to include the Holocaust.
Key skills: Causality, Ethical reasoningSummarize the U.S. government's transition away from neutrality policies following WWI that led to its involvement in WWII.
Key skills: Summarization, Foreign policyContextualize the impact of World War II on the United States and South Carolina.
Key skills: Contextualization, Regional impactAnalyze the changes and continuities regarding U.S. international leadership, including the rebuilding of Europe and Holocaust resettlement.
Key skills: Continuity and change, Global leadershipAnalyze multiple perspectives on the economic, political, and social effects of World War II and its aftermath.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Evidence evaluationCompare and contrast the capitalist and communist ideologies.
Key skills: Ideological comparison, Critical thinkingAnalyze the causes and impacts of social movements in the U.S. and South Carolina.
Key skills: Causality, Social analysisSummarize the events surrounding the Cold War, such as the space race, the arms race, and proxy wars.
Key skills: Summarization, Conflict analysisContextualize the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.
Key skills: Contextualization, Geopolitical analysisAnalyze the continuities and changes of race relations following the Supreme Court decisions of Briggs v. Elliott and Brown v. Board.
Key skills: Continuity and change, Legal impactAnalyze multiple perspectives on the effects of the Cold War, Space Race, and Civil Rights Movement.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Evidence evaluationCompare and contrast the focus of the U.S. as a world leader before and after the September 11, 2001, attacks.
Key skills: Comparative analysis, Foreign policyAnalyze the impact of digital technologies on the U.S., and describe the impact those technologies had on its global influence.
Key skills: Causality, Technological impactSummarize the U.S. response to contemporary global challenges and its role as a leading partner in handling global conflicts.
Key skills: Summarization, Global citizenshipContextualize the changes in rural communities in South Carolina within national and global industries.
Key skills: Contextualization, Economic changeAnalyze the continuities and changes of the U.S. role in the world and its relationships with other countries since the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Key skills: Continuity and change, International relationsAnalyze multiple perspectives on the economic, political, and social effects of global interdependence after 1980.
Key skills: Perspective analysis, Evidence evaluationDemonstrate an understanding of the organization and transformation(s) of world civilizations to 550.
Key skills: Historical Analysis, Civilization StudyCompare the development of social systems among the early river valley civilizations.
Key skills: Comparison, Social SystemsSummarize how environmental factors influenced the interactions within and between early civilizations.
Key skills: Causation, Environmental ImpactAnalyze the shift from early to classical civilizations and the enduring contributions of classical civilizations.
Key skills: Periodization, Classical ContributionsContextualize the origins and spread of major world religions and their enduring influence.
Key skills: Contextualization, World ReligionsAnalyze changes and continuities that influenced the organization and technological advancements of early and classical world civilizations.
Key skills: Continuity and Change, TechnologyAnalyze multiple perspectives on the political, intellectual, and social achievements of classical societies through a variety of primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Evidence, Multiple PerspectivesDemonstrate an understanding of the increased global interactions among humans from the end of the classical era to the invention of the printing press (i.e., 550–1450).
Key skills: Global Interaction, Historical ErasCompare the political systems within world civilizations.
Key skills: Comparison, Political SystemsExplain the impact of global exchanges among world civilizations.
Key skills: Causation, Global ExchangeSummarize the increased global exchanges among world societies using the Crusades as a major turning point.
Key skills: Periodization, Turning PointsContextualize the historical effects of the expansion of the Turks and Mongols on Europe and Asia.
Key skills: Contextualization, ExpansionismEvaluate continuities and changes in cultural and economic interactions between societies in both West Africa and the Americas.
Key skills: Continuity and Change, Cultural InteractionAnalyze multiple perspectives on the increased interactions among and between world societies through a variety of primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Evidence, Source AnalysisDemonstrate an understanding of the development of the Atlantic World from the invention of the printing press to the Industrial Revolution (i.e., 1450–1760).
Key skills: Atlantic World, ExplorationCompare European motivations for exploration and settlement.
Key skills: Comparison, Exploration MotivationsExplain the impact of increased global exchanges on the development of the Atlantic World.
Key skills: Causation, Global InterconnectednessSummarize the impact of the Transatlantic Slave Trade on ideological, political, and social systems in the Atlantic World.
Key skills: Periodization, Slave Trade ImpactContextualize the experience of indigenous peoples due to expansion and the conflict that arose from it.
Key skills: Contextualization, Indigenous HistoryAnalyze the intellectual, political, and social changes in relation to the idea of individual rights from Humanism to the Enlightenment.
Key skills: Continuity and Change, Individual RightsAnalyze the short and long term impact of the Atlantic World's growth using primary and secondary sources across multiple perspectives.
Key skills: Evidence, Impact AnalysisDemonstrate an understanding of how increased global exchanges promoted revolution from 1760 to the beginning of the 20th Century.
Key skills: Revolution, Global ExchangeCompare the political revolutions which resulted from the Enlightenment.
Key skills: Comparison, Political RevolutionsAnalyze the economic, political, and social impacts of colonialism and the rise of imperialism.
Key skills: Causation, ImperialismSummarize the local and global impacts of the Industrial Revolution.
Key skills: Periodization, IndustrializationContextualize the environmental impact of the Industrial Revolution.
Key skills: Contextualization, Environmental HistoryAnalyze the progression of nationalism in the 19th through the early 20th century.
Key skills: Continuity and Change, NationalismAnalyze multiple perspectives on increased global interactions and revolutions through a variety of primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Evidence, Perspective AnalysisDemonstrate an understanding of the development of global interdependence from 1920 to the present.
Key skills: Interdependence, Modern HistoryCompare the global movements that resulted in the advancement or limitation of human rights during the 20th and 21st centuries.
Key skills: Comparison, Human RightsExplain the impact of nationalism on global conflicts and genocides in the 20th and 21st centuries.
Key skills: Causation, Global ConflictAnalyze the impact of increased global interdependence using the Great Depression and Cold War as major turning points in the 20th century.
Key skills: Periodization, Turning PointsContextualize various sustainability efforts amid increasing global interdependence.
Key skills: Contextualization, SustainabilityAnalyze the progression of technological developments and the resulting cultural diffusion throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
Key skills: Continuity and Change, Cultural DiffusionAnalyze multiple perspectives on global interdependence during the 20th and 21st centuries through a variety of primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Evidence, Modern PerspectivesConstruct compelling questions to focus an inquiry.
Key skills: Inquiry, QuestioningConstruct supporting questions to focus an inquiry.
Key skills: Inquiry, QuestioningGather and evaluate relevant information from multiple sources.
Key skills: Research, EvaluationDevelop claims and counterclaims using evidence.
Key skills: Argumentation, EvidenceConstruct arguments using evidence.
Key skills: Argumentation, EvidenceConstruct explanations using reasoning, correct sequence, examples, and details.
Key skills: Explanation, ReasoningPresent arguments and explanations using a variety of media.
Key skills: Communication, PresentationCritique arguments and explanations.
Key skills: Critical Thinking, AnalysisUse disciplinary reasoning to identify and analyze problems and take informed action.
Key skills: Problem Solving, Civic ActionAnalyze the cultural, economic, environmental, physical, political, and population geographies of contemporary Africa.
Key skills: Regional Analysis, GeographyIdentify select African physical systems and human characteristics of places.
Key skills: Physical Geography, Human GeographyIdentify climate and vegetation regions and the spatial distributions and patterns of natural resources, including the impact on human activities.
Key skills: Climate, Natural ResourcesExplain Africa's current human population distributions and patterns, and use geographic models to compare conditions driving migration.
Key skills: Demographics, MigrationCompare and contrast the dynamic physical and human conditions that lead to the creation of ethnic, gender, language, and religious landscapes.
Key skills: Cultural Landscapes, Societal AnalysisAnalyze current political borders and explain connections based on colonialism, imperialism, independence movements, and regional alliances.
Key skills: Political Geography, GeopoliticsGather evidence and construct a map or model to investigate a significant contemporary issue facing Africa.
Key skills: Applied Geography, MappingAnalyze the cultural, economic, environmental, physical, political, and population geographies of contemporary Asia.
Key skills: Regional Analysis, GeographyIdentify select Asian physical systems and human characteristics of places.
Key skills: Physical Geography, Human GeographyIdentify climate and vegetation regions and the spatial distributions and patterns of natural resources, including the impact on human activities.
Key skills: Climate, Natural ResourcesExplain Asia's current human population distributions and patterns, and use geographic models to compare conditions driving migration.
Key skills: Demographics, MigrationCompare and contrast the dynamic physical and human conditions that lead to the creation of ethnic, gender, language, and religious landscapes.
Key skills: Cultural Landscapes, Societal AnalysisIdentify and analyze the current political borders using maps, and explain the economic, political, and social connections with other continents.
Key skills: Political Geography, GeopoliticsGather evidence and construct a map or model to investigate a significant contemporary issue facing Asia.
Key skills: Applied Geography, MappingAnalyze the cultural, economic, environmental, physical, political, and population geographies of contemporary Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica.
Key skills: Regional Analysis, GeographyIdentify select Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica physical systems and human characteristics of places.
Key skills: Physical Geography, Human GeographyIdentify climate and vegetation regions and the spatial distributions and patterns of natural resources, including the impact on human activities.
Key skills: Climate, Natural ResourcesExplain the region's current human population distributions and patterns, and use geographic models to compare conditions driving migration.
Key skills: Demographics, MigrationCompare and contrast the dynamic physical and human conditions that lead to the creation of ethnic, gender, language, and religious landscapes.
Key skills: Cultural Landscapes, Societal AnalysisIdentify and analyze the current political borders and explain resource relationships between the region and other continents.
Key skills: Political Geography, Resource ManagementGather evidence and construct a map or model to investigate a significant contemporary issue facing the region.
Key skills: Applied Geography, MappingAnalyze the cultural, economic, environmental, physical, political, and population geographies of contemporary Europe.
Key skills: Regional Analysis, GeographyIdentify select European physical systems and human characteristics of places.
Key skills: Physical Geography, Human GeographyIdentify climate and vegetation regions and the spatial distributions and patterns of natural resources, including the impact on human activities.
Key skills: Climate, Natural ResourcesExplain Europe's current human population distributions and patterns, and use geographic models to compare conditions driving migration.
Key skills: Demographics, MigrationCompare and contrast the dynamic physical and human conditions that lead to the creation of ethnic, gender, language, and religious landscapes.
Key skills: Cultural Landscapes, Societal AnalysisAnalyze political borders and explain connections based on centripetal and centrifugal forces and connections to other continents.
Key skills: Political Geography, GeopoliticsGather evidence and construct a map or model to investigate a significant contemporary issue facing Europe.
Key skills: Applied Geography, MappingAnalyze the cultural, economic, environmental, physical, political, and population geographies of contemporary North America.
Key skills: Regional Analysis, GeographyIdentify select North American physical systems and human characteristics of places.
Key skills: Physical Geography, Human GeographyIdentify climate and vegetation regions and the spatial distributions and patterns of natural resources, including the impact on human activities.
Key skills: Climate, Natural ResourcesExplain North America's current human population distributions and patterns, and use geographic models to compare conditions driving migration.
Key skills: Demographics, MigrationCompare and contrast the dynamic physical and human conditions that lead to the creation of ethnic, gender, language, and religious landscapes.
Key skills: Cultural Landscapes, Societal AnalysisAnalyze political borders, explain economic, political, and social inequalities, and explain connections between North American places and other continents.
Key skills: Political Geography, InequalityGather evidence and construct a map or model to investigate a significant contemporary issue facing North America.
Key skills: Applied Geography, MappingAnalyze the cultural, economic, environmental, physical, political, and population geographies of contemporary South America.
Key skills: Regional Analysis, GeographyIdentify select South American physical systems and human characteristics of places.
Key skills: Physical Geography, Human GeographyIdentify climate and vegetation regions and the spatial distributions and patterns of natural resources, including the impact on human activities.
Key skills: Climate, Natural ResourcesExplain South America's current human population distributions and patterns, and use geographic models to compare conditions driving migration.
Key skills: Demographics, MigrationCompare and contrast the dynamic physical and human conditions that lead to the creation of ethnic, gender, language, and religious landscapes.
Key skills: Cultural Landscapes, Societal AnalysisAnalyze political borders, explain economic, political, and social inequalities, and explain connections between South American places and other continents.
Key skills: Political Geography, InequalityGather evidence and construct a map or model to investigate a significant contemporary issue facing South America.
Key skills: Applied Geography, MappingDemonstrate an understanding of the development of South Carolina during the settlement and colonization of North America in the period of 1500–1756.
Key skills: Historical understanding, Chronological thinkingCompare the three British North American colonial regions economically, politically, socially, and in regard to labor development.
Key skills: Comparative analysis, Regional studyAnalyze the factors that contributed to the development of South Carolina's economic system and the subsequent impacts on different populations within the colony.
Key skills: Causal analysis, Economic systemsSummarize major events in the development of South Carolina which impacted the economic, political, and social structure of the colony.
Key skills: Summarization, Structural impactContextualize the development of South Carolina's political institutions during the colonization of British North America.
Key skills: Contextualization, Political developmentAnalyze the changes and continuities of the Native Americans' experiences prior to and as a result of settlement and colonization.
Key skills: Continuity and change, Cultural analysisUtilize a variety of primary and secondary sources to examine multiple perspectives and influences of the economic, political, and social effects of South Carolina's settlement.
Key skills: Evidence evaluation, Perspective takingDemonstrate an understanding of how South Carolinians and Americans created a revolutionary form of government during the period of 1757–1815.
Key skills: Governmental origins, Revolutionary historyCompare the motives and demographics of loyalists and patriots within South Carolina and the colonies.
Key skills: Comparative analysis, Demographic studyExplain the economic, political, and social factors surrounding the American Revolution.
Key skills: Causal explanation, Revolutionary factorsAnalyze significant founding principles that led to the development of federalism in South Carolina and the United States.
Key skills: Principles analysis, FederalismContextualize the roles of various groups of South Carolinians as the colonies moved toward becoming an independent nation.
Key skills: Contextualization, Group rolesAnalyze the continuities and changes of how different groups immigrated to and migrated within South Carolina.
Key skills: Migration patterns, Continuity and changeUtilize a variety of primary and secondary sources to analyze multiple perspectives on the development of democracy in South Carolina and the United States.
Key skills: Source analysis, Democracy developmentDemonstrate an understanding of conflict and compromise in South Carolina, the Southern region, and the United States as a result of sectionalism (1816–1865).
Key skills: Sectionalism, Conflict resolutionCompare the debates between South Carolina and the federal government regarding slavery, federalism, and the Constitution.
Key skills: Debate comparison, Constitutional issuesExamine consequences of the major Civil War military strategies.
Key skills: Strategy analysis, Military consequencesAnalyze the Civil War Amendments (13th, 14th, and 15th) as a turning point in the economic, political, and social structures of South Carolina.
Key skills: Turning point analysis, Constitutional amendmentsEvaluate the economic significance of agriculture on South Carolina, the U.S., and the world.
Key skills: Economic evaluation, Agricultural impactAnalyze debates and efforts to recognize the natural rights of marginalized groups during the period of expansion and sectionalism.
Key skills: Rights analysis, Marginalized groupsUtilize a variety of primary and secondary sources to analyze multiple perspectives on the effects of the Civil War within South Carolina and the United States.
Key skills: Evidence analysis, Civil War effectsDemonstrate an understanding of South Carolina's role in and response to the dynamic economic, political, and social developments in the U.S. and world (1862–1929).
Key skills: Global context, State responseCompare perspectives toward reform that emerged during the Progressive Era.
Key skills: Reform comparison, Progressive EraExplain the causes and effects of World War I on South Carolina and the United States.
Key skills: Causal explanation, WWI impactSummarize the economic changes that emerged in South Carolina and the U.S.
Key skills: Economic summary, Industrial changeEvaluate South Carolinians' struggle to create an understanding of their post-Civil War position within the state, the country, and the world.
Key skills: Position evaluation, Post-war adjustmentAnalyze continuities and change in the African American experience in the period of Reconstruction and Jim Crow eras within South Carolina.
Key skills: Continuity and change, African American historyUtilize a variety of primary and secondary sources to analyze multiple perspectives of the challenges and changes that allowed the U.S. to emerge as a global power.
Key skills: Global power analysis, Evidence evaluationDemonstrate an understanding of the impact of world events on South Carolina and the United States from 1929 to present.
Key skills: Modern history, World event impactCompare South Carolina and U.S. wartime contributions and demobilization after World War II.
Key skills: Wartime comparison, DemobilizationAnalyze the factors contributing to the shifts in the political party platforms between 1946–1972.
Key skills: Political shift analysis, Party platformsAnalyze the transformation of South Carolina's economy from the Great Depression to its current economic diversification.
Key skills: Economic transformation, DiversificationAnalyze the correlation between the Modern Civil Rights Movement in South Carolina and the U.S.
Key skills: Correlation analysis, Civil Rights MovementAnalyze the continuities and changes in South Carolina's identity resulting from the civic participation of different individuals and groups.
Key skills: Identity analysis, Civic participationUtilize a variety of primary and secondary sources to analyze multiple perspectives on the cultural changes in South Carolina and the U.S.
Key skills: Cultural analysis, Source evaluationIdentify and analyze the spatial distributions and patterns of human population using maps and geographic models and representations.
Key skills: Spatial analysis, Map interpretationAnalyze the factors that influence the distribution of human populations at different scales.
Key skills: Scale analysis, Demographic factorsAnalyze and compare the arrangement of land used in human settlements in different regions using maps, models, and representations.
Key skills: Comparative analysis, Land use modelingExamine the causes and effects of the events surrounding the Renaissance on the rise of Europe.
Key skills: Cause and effect, Historical analysisSummarize the motivations of worldwide exploration and the influence of exploration on world civilizations.
Key skills: Perspective taking, Historical summaryContextualize the Indian Ocean as the center of global exchanges within the historically significant Eastern Hemisphere trade networks.
Key skills: Contextualization, Trade network analysisExamine the continuities and changes in the development of world trade networks and colonialism.
Key skills: Continuity and change, Colonialism analysisContextualize the major technological and social characteristics of the Industrial Revolution.
Key skills: Contextualization, Technological impactExamine the Holocaust and its aftermath in providing the context for subsequent developments in international efforts to recognize and protect human rights.
Key skills: Contextualization, Human rights analysisSummarize the interconnections between the United States and the world community through major cultural, economic, and political changes.
Key skills: Global interconnections, Historical summaryAnalyze the development of the American identity through the founding principles and social and economic development of the Northern and Southern colonies.
Key skills: Comparative analysis, Identity developmentAssess the major developments of the American Revolution.
Key skills: Historical assessment, Revolutionary analysisSummarize the impact of technological changes and social developments on the U.S., including the Civil War, during the period 1815–1865.
Key skills: Perspective taking, Technological impactContextualize domestic economic development and American national identity within global politics.
Key skills: Contextualization, Global political analysisUtilize primary and secondary sources to judge the impact of evolving American foreign policy on American identity and capitalism.
Key skills: Evidence-based reasoning, Source analysisExamine how scarcity of time and resources forces individuals, businesses, and governments to make trade-offs.
Key skills: Economic reasoning, Trade-off analysisAnalyze how different economic systems address the three basic economic questions.
Key skills: Inquiry, System comparisonEvaluate how short-term goals allow individuals and institutions to make rational decisions using marginal analysis.
Key skills: Informed participation, Marginal analysisAnalyze the historical and philosophical principles that led to the development of the American constitutional government.
Key skills: Economic reasoning, Philosophical analysisDescribe the policy making process in the American constitutional government.
Key skills: Policy analysis, Process descriptionDistinguish between various economic, personal, and political rights of citizens in the U.S., and how these rights can sometimes conflict.
Key skills: Inquiry, Rights analysisSouth Carolina transitions to new standards on a staggered schedule. ELA 2024 standards are operational for the 2024-2025 school year. Mathematics 2025 standards become fully operational in 2025-2026. High school courses are 'gateway' courses (Algebra 1, English 2, Biology 1, US History) that require End-of-Course exams.
Students in grades 3-8 are assessed via SC READY in ELA and Mathematics. Science is assessed in grades 4 and 6. High school students take the End-of-Course Examination Program (EOCEP) for gateway subjects. Social Studies testing is currently suspended for grades 3-8 per legislative proviso but remains required for high school graduation (US History and Constitution).
This standard was generated using AI with grounded search to find official, accurate information. While we strive for accuracy, please verify important details with official sources.
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