The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) are the state-mandated curriculum standards for what students should know and be able to do in each grade and su
Texas, United States
The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) are the state-mandated curriculum standards for what students should know and be able to do in each grade and subject. While the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) was the assessment system used to measure these standards until 2011, the TEKS remain the foundational learning standards (now assessed by STAAR).
The Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) are the state-mandated curriculum standards for what students should know and be able to do in each grade and subject. While the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) was the assessment system used to measure these standards until 2011, the TEKS remain the foundational learning standards (now assessed by STAAR).
Year Adopted: 2017 (ELAR), 2012 (Math), 2021 (Science), 2022 (Social Studies)
Kindergarten, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, High School
listen actively and ask questions to understand information and answer questions using multi-word responses
Key skills: Active listening, Questioningrestate and follow oral directions that involve a short, related sequence of actions
Key skills: Following directions, Restating informationshare information and ideas by speaking audibly and clearly using the conventions of language
Key skills: Oral presentation, Clear speechwork collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules for discussion, including taking turns
Key skills: Collaboration, Discussion rulesdevelop social communication such as introducing himself/herself, using common greetings, and expressing needs and wants
Key skills: Social communication, Greetingsdemonstrate phonological awareness by identifying and producing rhyming words
Key skills: Rhyming, Phonological awarenessrecognizing spoken alliteration or groups of words that begin with the same spoken onset or initial sound
Key skills: Alliteration, Initial soundsidentifying the individual words in a spoken sentence
Key skills: Sentence segmentation, Word awarenessidentifying, segmenting, and combining syllables in spoken words
Key skills: Syllable segmentation, Blendingblending spoken onsets and rimes to form simple words
Key skills: Onset and rime, Blendingsegmenting spoken one-syllable words into individual phonemes
Key skills: Phoneme segmentation, One-syllable wordsisolating and pronouncing the initial, medial, and final sounds (phonemes) in spoken single-syllable words
Key skills: Sound isolation, Phoneme pronunciationmanipulating individual phonemes in single-syllable spoken words by adding, deleting, or substituting phonemes
Key skills: Phoneme manipulation, Word buildingmanipulating syllables within a multisyllabic word
Key skills: Syllable manipulation, Multisyllabic wordsdemonstrate print awareness by identifying the front cover, back cover, and title page of a book
Key skills: Book parts, Print awarenessholding a book right side up, turning pages correctly, and knowing that words and illustrations carry meaning
Key skills: Book handling, Meaning of printdemonstrating and explaining that the direction of print is left to right and top to bottom
Key skills: Directionality, Print trackingidentifying different parts of a book, including the title, author, and illustrator
Key skills: Book features, Author/Illustrator rolesdemonstrate and apply phonetic knowledge by identifying and matching the common sounds that letters represent
Key skills: Letter-sound matching, Phonicsusing letter-sound relationships to decode, including VC, CVC, CCVC, and CVCC words
Key skills: Decoding, Word patternsrecognizing that new words are created when letters are changed, added, or deleted
Key skills: Word manipulation, Letter changesidentifying and reading at least 25 high-frequency words from a commonly used list
Key skills: Sight words, High-frequency wordsdemonstrate and apply spelling knowledge by spelling words with VC, CVC, CCVC, and CVCC patterns
Key skills: Spelling, Word patternsspelling high-frequency words from a commonly used list
Key skills: Spelling, High-frequency wordsusing phonological knowledge to match sounds to letters to construct unknown words
Key skills: Phonetic spelling, Word constructiondemonstrate handwriting by printing many upper- and lower-case letters
Key skills: Letter formation, Handwritingwriting his/her own first name
Key skills: Name writing, Handwritinguse a resource such as a picture dictionary or digital resource to find words
Key skills: Reference tools, Word findinguse illustrations and texts the student is able to read or hear to learn or clarify word meanings
Key skills: Context clues, Visual cuesidentify and use words that name actions; directions; positions; sequences; categories; and locations
Key skills: Word usage, Categorizationidentify and sort pictures of objects into conceptual categories
Key skills: Sorting, Conceptual categoriesself-correct errors in oral reading with adult assistance
Key skills: Self-correction, Oral readingself-select text and interact independently with text for increasing periods of time
Key skills: Independent reading, Text selectionestablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts with adult assistance
Key skills: Setting purpose, Reading focusgenerate questions about a text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding
Key skills: Questioning, Deepening understandingmake and confirm predictions using text features and structures with adult assistance
Key skills: Prediction, Text featurescreate mental images to deepen understanding with adult assistance
Key skills: Visualization, Mental imagerymake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society with adult assistance
Key skills: Making connections, Text-to-selfmake inferences and use evidence to support understanding with adult assistance
Key skills: Inference, Evidenceevaluate details to determine what is most important with adult assistance
Key skills: Main idea, Detail evaluationsynthesize information to create new understanding with adult assistance
Key skills: Synthesis, New understandingmonitor comprehension and make adjustments when understanding breaks down with adult assistance
Key skills: Monitoring, Self-correctiondescribe personal connections to a variety of sources
Key skills: Personal connection, Responsewrite messages that include letters or words to represent ideas
Key skills: Written response, Idea representationuse text evidence to support an appropriate response
Key skills: Evidence, Response supportretell texts in ways that maintain meaning
Key skills: Retelling, Summarizinginteract with sources in meaningful ways such as illustrating or writing
Key skills: Interaction, Creative responsedemonstrate knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of well-known children's literature
Key skills: Literary genres, Genre characteristicsdiscuss rhyme and rhythm in nursery rhymes and a variety of poems
Key skills: Poetry, Rhyme and rhythmdiscuss main characters in drama
Key skills: Drama, Character analysisrecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including the central idea and supporting evidence
Key skills: Informational text, Central idearecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including titles and simple graphics
Key skills: Text features, Graphicsrecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including the steps in a sequence
Key skills: Sequencing, Informational structurerecognize characteristics of persuasive text and state what the author is trying to persuade the reader to do
Key skills: Persuasive text, Author's intentrecognize characteristics of multimodal and digital texts
Key skills: Digital texts, Multimodal literacydiscuss the author's purpose for writing text the student reads or hears with adult assistance
Key skills: Author's purpose, Text analysisdiscuss with adult assistance how the use of text features including titles and illustrations supports the author's purpose
Key skills: Text features, Purpose supportdiscuss with adult assistance the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes
Key skills: Graphic features, Specific purposediscuss with adult assistance how the author uses words that help the reader visualize
Key skills: Visualization, Word choicelisten to and experience first- and third-person texts
Key skills: Point of view, Narrative voiceplan by generating ideas for writing through class discussion and drawings
Key skills: Planning, Idea generationdevelop drafts in oral, pictorial, or written form by organizing ideas
Key skills: Drafting, Organizationrevise drafts by adding details in pictures or words
Key skills: Revision, Adding detailsedit drafts with adult assistance using complete sentences
Key skills: Editing, Sentence structureedit drafts with adult assistance using verbs
Key skills: Editing, Verbsedit drafts with adult assistance using singular and plural nouns
Key skills: Editing, Nounsedit drafts with adult assistance using adjectives, including articles
Key skills: Editing, Adjectivesedit drafts with adult assistance using prepositions
Key skills: Editing, Prepositionsedit drafts with adult assistance using pronouns
Key skills: Editing, Pronounsedit drafts with adult assistance using capitalization of the first letter in a sentence and name
Key skills: Editing, Capitalizationedit drafts with adult assistance using punctuation marks at the end of declarative sentences
Key skills: Editing, Punctuationedit drafts with adult assistance using correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate patterns
Key skills: Editing, Spellingshare writing with others
Key skills: Sharing, Publishingdictate or compose literary texts, including personal narratives
Key skills: Narrative writing, Dictationdictate or compose informational texts, including procedural texts
Key skills: Informational writing, Procedural textdictate or compose thank you notes or letters
Key skills: Letter writing, Functional writinggenerate questions for formal and informal inquiry with adult assistance
Key skills: Inquiry, Questioningdevelop and follow a research plan with adult assistance
Key skills: Research plan, Organizationgather information from a variety of sources with adult assistance
Key skills: Information gathering, Sourcesdemonstrate understanding of information gathered with adult assistance
Key skills: Understanding, Information analysisuse an appropriate mode of delivery to present results
Key skills: Presentation, Communicationlisten actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and answer questions using multi-word responses
Key skills: active listening, asking questions, oral responsefollow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a short, related sequence of actions
Key skills: following instructions, giving instructionsshare information and ideas about the topic under discussion, speaking clearly at an appropriate pace
Key skills: sharing ideas, clear speakingwork collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules for discussion
Key skills: collaboration, discussion rulesdevelop social communication such as introducing himself/herself and others and expressing needs and feelings
Key skills: social communication, expressing needsdemonstrate phonological awareness by producing a series of rhyming words
Key skills: rhyming, phonological awarenessrecognize spoken alliteration or groups of words that begin with the same initial sound
Key skills: alliteration, initial soundsdistinguish between long and short vowel sounds in one-syllable words
Key skills: vowel sounds, phonemic awarenessrecognize the change in a spoken word when a specified phoneme is added, changed, or removed
Key skills: phoneme manipulation, word changesblend spoken phonemes to form one-syllable words, including initial and/or final consonant blends
Key skills: blending phonemes, consonant blendssegment spoken one-syllable words of three to five phonemes into individual phonemes
Key skills: segmenting phonemes, word analysismanipulate (add, delete, and substitute) phonemes in one-syllable words
Key skills: phoneme manipulation, word buildingdecode words in isolation and in context by applying common letter sound correspondences
Key skills: decoding, letter-sound correspondencedecode words with initial and final consonant blends, digraphs, and trigraphs
Key skills: decoding blends, digraphs/trigraphsdecode words with closed, open, VCe, vowel teams, and r-controlled syllables
Key skills: syllable types, decoding patternsuse knowledge of base words to decode common compound words and contractions
Key skills: compound words, contractionsdecode words with inflectional endings, including -ed, -s, and -es
Key skills: inflectional endings, decodingidentify and read at least 100 high-frequency words from a research-based list
Key skills: high-frequency words, sight readingspell words with closed, open, VCe, vowel teams, and r-controlled syllables
Key skills: spelling patterns, syllable typesspell words with initial and final consonant blends, digraphs, and trigraphs
Key skills: spelling blends, digraphs/trigraphsspell words using inflectional endings, including -ed, -s, and -es
Key skills: spelling endings, inflectional endingsspell high-frequency words from a research-based list
Key skills: spelling, high-frequency wordsalphabetize a series of words to the first or second letter and use a dictionary to find words
Key skills: alphabetizing, dictionary skillsidentify the information that different parts of a book provide
Key skills: print awareness, book partsuse a resource such as a picture dictionary or digital resource to find words
Key skills: resource use, vocabularyuse illustrations and texts to learn or clarify word meanings
Key skills: context clues, illustrationsidentify the meaning of words with the affixes -s, -ed, and -ing
Key skills: affixes, word meaningidentify and use words that name actions, directions, positions, sequences, categories, and locations
Key skills: word categories, functional vocabularyuse appropriate fluency (rate, accuracy, and prosody) when reading grade-level text
Key skills: reading fluency, accuracy, prosodyself-select text and interact independently with text for increasing periods of time
Key skills: independent reading, text selectionestablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts with adult assistance
Key skills: reading purpose, goal settinggenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding
Key skills: questioning, deepening understandingmake and confirm predictions using text features and structures with adult assistance
Key skills: predictions, text featurescreate mental images to deepen understanding with adult assistance
Key skills: visualization, mental imagesmake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society with adult assistance
Key skills: making connections, text-to-self/worldmake inferences and use evidence to support understanding with adult assistance
Key skills: inference, text evidenceevaluate details to determine what is most important with adult assistance
Key skills: evaluating details, main ideasynthesize information to create new understanding with adult assistance
Key skills: synthesis, new understandingmonitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading and using background knowledge
Key skills: monitoring comprehension, self-correctiondescribe personal connections to a variety of sources
Key skills: personal connection, responsewrite brief comments on literary or informational texts
Key skills: written response, commentinguse text evidence to support an appropriate response
Key skills: text evidence, supporting responseretell texts in ways that maintain meaning
Key skills: retelling, summarizinginteract with sources in meaningful ways such as illustrating or writing
Key skills: interaction, illustrationrespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate
Key skills: vocabulary use, responsediscuss topics and determine theme using text evidence with adult assistance
Key skills: theme, text evidencedescribe the main character(s) and the reason(s) for their actions
Key skills: character analysis, character traitsdescribe plot elements, including the main events, the problem, and the resolution
Key skills: plot elements, story structuredescribe the setting
Key skills: setting, literary elementsdemonstrate knowledge of characteristics of children's literature such as folktales, fables, and fairy tales
Key skills: genre characteristics, literary typesdiscuss rhyme, rhythm, repetition, and alliteration in a variety of poems
Key skills: poetry elements, rhyme/rhythmdiscuss elements of drama such as characters and setting
Key skills: drama elements, charactersrecognize characteristics of informational text, including the central idea and supporting evidence
Key skills: informational text, central idearecognize characteristics of informational text, including features and graphics to gain information
Key skills: text features, graphicsrecognize characteristics of informational text, including organizational patterns such as chronological order
Key skills: organizational patterns, chronological orderrecognize characteristics of persuasive text and state what the author is trying to persuade the reader to do
Key skills: persuasive text, author's intentrecognize characteristics of multimodal and digital texts
Key skills: multimodal texts, digital literacydiscuss the author's purpose for writing text with adult assistance
Key skills: author's purpose, critical thinkingdiscuss how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose
Key skills: text structure, author's purposediscuss with adult assistance the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes
Key skills: print features, graphic featuresdiscuss the use of descriptive, literal, and figurative language
Key skills: descriptive language, figurative languageidentify the use of first or third person in a text
Key skills: point of view, narrative voiceidentify and explain the use of repetition
Key skills: repetition, author's craftplan a first draft by generating ideas for writing such as by drawing and brainstorming
Key skills: planning, brainstormingdevelop drafts in oral, pictorial, or written form by organizing with a structure
Key skills: drafting, organizationdevelop drafts in oral, pictorial, or written form by developing an idea with specific details
Key skills: drafting, adding detailsrevise drafts by adding details in pictures or words
Key skills: revision, adding detailsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including complete sentences with subject-verb agreement
Key skills: editing, subject-verb agreementedit drafts using standard English conventions, including past and present verb tense
Key skills: editing, verb tenseedit drafts using standard English conventions, including singular, plural, common, and proper nouns
Key skills: editing, nounsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including adjectives, including articles
Key skills: editing, adjectivesedit drafts using standard English conventions, including adverbs that convey time and place
Key skills: editing, adverbsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including prepositions and prepositional phrases
Key skills: editing, prepositionsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including pronouns
Key skills: editing, pronounsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including capitalization for the beginning of sentences and 'I'
Key skills: editing, capitalizationedit drafts using standard English conventions, including punctuation marks at the end of sentences
Key skills: editing, punctuationedit drafts using standard English conventions, including correct spelling of grade-appropriate words
Key skills: editing, spellingpublish and share writing
Key skills: publishing, sharing writingdictate or compose literary texts, including personal narratives and poetry
Key skills: literary writing, personal narrativedictate or compose informational texts, including procedural texts and reports
Key skills: informational writing, procedural textdictate or compose correspondence such as thank you notes or letters
Key skills: correspondence, letter writinggenerate questions for formal and informal inquiry with adult assistance
Key skills: questioning, inquirydevelop and follow a research plan with adult assistance
Key skills: research plan, organizationidentify and gather relevant sources and information to answer the questions with adult assistance
Key skills: gathering information, source identificationidentify primary and secondary sources
Key skills: primary sources, secondary sourcesdemonstrate understanding of information gathered with adult assistance
Key skills: comprehension, researchdisplay academic citations and use source materials ethically with adult assistance
Key skills: citations, ethical useuse an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results
Key skills: presentation, communicationListen actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and answer questions using multi-word responses.
Key skills: Active listening, Clarifying questionsFollow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a short, related sequence of actions.
Key skills: Oral instructions, SequencingShare information and ideas that focus on the topic under discussion, speaking clearly at an appropriate pace.
Key skills: Oral presentation, Topic focusWork collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules for discussion, including listening to others.
Key skills: Collaboration, Discussion rulesDevelop social communication such as distinguishing between asking and telling.
Key skills: Social communication, Asking vs tellingDemonstrate phonological awareness by producing a series of rhyming words.
Key skills: Rhyming, Phonological awarenessDistinguish between long and short vowel sounds in one-syllable and multi-syllable words.
Key skills: Vowel sounds, Phonological awarenessRecognize the change in spoken word when a specified phoneme is added, changed, or removed.
Key skills: Phoneme manipulation, Phonological awarenessManipulate phonemes within base words.
Key skills: Phoneme manipulation, Phonological awarenessDecode words with short, long, or variant vowels, trigraphs, and blends.
Key skills: Decoding, PhonicsDecode words with silent letters such as knife and gnat.
Key skills: Decoding, Silent lettersDecode multisyllabic words with closed, open, VCe, vowel teams, r-controlled, and final stable syllables.
Key skills: Decoding, Syllable typesDecode compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations.
Key skills: Decoding, Compound wordsDecode words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings.
Key skills: Decoding, MorphologyIdentify and read at least 300 high-frequency words from a research-based list.
Key skills: High-frequency words, Word recognitionSpell one-syllable and multisyllabic words with closed, open, VCe, vowel teams, r-controlled, and final stable syllables.
Key skills: Spelling, Syllable typesSpell words with silent letters such as knife and gnat.
Key skills: Spelling, Silent lettersSpell compound words, contractions, and common abbreviations.
Key skills: Spelling, Compound wordsSpell multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns.
Key skills: Spelling, Multisyllabic wordsSpell words with prefixes, including un-, re-, and dis-, and inflectional endings.
Key skills: Spelling, MorphologySpell high-frequency words from a research-based list.
Key skills: Spelling, High-frequency wordsAlphabetize a series of words and use a dictionary or glossary to find words.
Key skills: Alphabetizing, Reference toolsDevelop handwriting by accurately forming all cursive letters using appropriate strokes when connecting letters.
Key skills: Cursive, HandwritingUse print or digital resources to determine meaning and pronunciation of unknown words.
Key skills: Dictionary use, Word meaningUse context within and beyond a sentence to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Key skills: Context clues, Word meaningIdentify the meaning of and use words with affixes un-, re-, -ly, -er, and -est, and -ion/tion/sion.
Key skills: Affixes, MorphologyIdentify, use, and explain the meaning of antonyms, synonyms, idioms, and homographs in context.
Key skills: Word relationships, IdiomsUse appropriate fluency (rate, accuracy, and prosody) when reading grade-level text.
Key skills: Reading fluency, ProsodySelf-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time.
Key skills: Independent reading, Self-selectionEstablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts.
Key skills: Reading purpose, MetacognitionGenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding.
Key skills: Questioning, MetacognitionMake and correct or confirm predictions using text features, characteristics of genre, and structures.
Key skills: Predictions, Text featuresCreate mental images to deepen understanding.
Key skills: Visualization, MetacognitionMake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society.
Key skills: Text connections, MetacognitionMake inferences and use evidence to support understanding.
Key skills: Inference, Text evidenceEvaluate details read to determine key ideas.
Key skills: Key ideas, EvaluationSynthesize information to create new understanding.
Key skills: Synthesis, MetacognitionMonitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading, using background knowledge, and asking questions.
Key skills: Monitoring, Fix-up strategiesDescribe personal connections to a variety of sources.
Key skills: Personal connection, ResponseWrite brief responses to literary or informational texts that demonstrate an understanding of a text.
Key skills: Written response, ComprehensionUse text evidence to support an appropriate response.
Key skills: Text evidence, ResponseRetell and paraphrase texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order.
Key skills: Retelling, ParaphrasingInteract with sources in meaningful ways such as illustrating or writing.
Key skills: Interaction, ResponseRespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate.
Key skills: Vocabulary use, ResponseDiscuss topics and determine theme using text evidence with adult assistance.
Key skills: Theme, Text evidenceDescribe the main character(s) and the reason(s) for their actions.
Key skills: Character analysis, Character traitsDescribe and understand plot elements, including the main events, the problem, and the resolution.
Key skills: Plot elements, Problem/ResolutionDescribe the importance of the setting.
Key skills: Setting, Literary analysisDemonstrate knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of well-known children's literature such as folktales, fables, and fairy tales.
Key skills: Genre characteristics, Folktales/FablesExplain visual patterns and structures in a variety of poems.
Key skills: Poetry structure, Visual patternsExplain the elements of drama such as characters, dialogue, and setting.
Key skills: Drama elements, DialogueRecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including the central idea and supporting evidence.
Key skills: Central idea, Informational textRecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including features and graphics to locate and gain information.
Key skills: Text features, GraphicsRecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including organizational patterns such as chronological order and cause and effect.
Key skills: Organizational patterns, Cause and effectRecognize characteristics of persuasive text, including stating what the author is trying to persuade the reader to think or do.
Key skills: Persuasive text, Author's claimRecognize characteristics of multimodal and digital texts.
Key skills: Multimodal texts, Digital literacyDiscuss the author's purpose for writing text.
Key skills: Author's purpose, Text analysisDiscuss how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose.
Key skills: Text structure, Author's craftDiscuss the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes.
Key skills: Text features, Author's craftDiscuss the author's use of descriptive, literal, and figurative language.
Key skills: Figurative language, Descriptive languageIdentify the use of first or third person in a text.
Key skills: Point of view, Narrative voicePlan a first draft by generating ideas for writing such as drawing and brainstorming.
Key skills: Planning, BrainstormingDevelop drafts into a focused piece of writing by organizing with structure.
Key skills: Drafting, OrganizationDevelop drafts into a focused piece of writing by developing an idea with specific and relevant details.
Key skills: Drafting, Supporting detailsRevise drafts by adding, deleting, or rearranging words, phrases, or sentences.
Key skills: Revision, Sentence structureEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including complete sentences with subject-verb agreement.
Key skills: Editing, Subject-verb agreementEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including past, present, and future verb tense.
Key skills: Editing, Verb tenseEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including singular, plural, common, and proper nouns.
Key skills: Editing, NounsEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including adjectives, including articles.
Key skills: Editing, AdjectivesEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including adverbs that convey time and manner.
Key skills: Editing, AdverbsEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including prepositions and prepositional phrases.
Key skills: Editing, PrepositionsEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including pronouns.
Key skills: Editing, PronounsEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including capitalization for proper nouns and letter parts.
Key skills: Editing, CapitalizationEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including punctuation marks.
Key skills: Editing, PunctuationEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including correct spelling of grade-appropriate words.
Key skills: Editing, SpellingPublish and share writing with others.
Key skills: Publishing, SharingCompose literary texts, including personal narratives and poetry.
Key skills: Narrative writing, PoetryCompose informational texts, including procedural texts and reports.
Key skills: Informational writing, Procedural textCompose correspondence such as thank you notes or letters.
Key skills: Correspondence, Letter writingGenerate questions for formal and informal inquiry with adult assistance.
Key skills: Inquiry, QuestioningDevelop and follow a research plan with adult assistance.
Key skills: Research plan, OrganizationGather information from a variety of sources with adult assistance.
Key skills: Information gathering, SourcesIdentify primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Primary sources, Secondary sourcesDemonstrate understanding of information gathered.
Key skills: Comprehension, SynthesisCite sources appropriately.
Key skills: Citation, Academic integrityUse an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.
Key skills: Presentation, CommunicationListen actively, ask relevant questions to clarify information, and make pertinent comments.
Key skills: Active listening, Clarifying questionsFollow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a series of related sequences of action.
Key skills: Following instructions, Oral sequencingSpeak coherently about the topic under discussion, employing eye contact, rate, and volume.
Key skills: Coherent speaking, Oral presentationWork collaboratively with others by following agreed-upon rules, norms, and protocols.
Key skills: Collaboration, Group normsDevelop social communication such as conversing politely in all situations.
Key skills: Social communication, Polite conversationDecode multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns such as eigh, ough, and en.
Key skills: Decoding, Sound-spelling patternsDecode multisyllabic words with closed, open, VCe, vowel teams, r-controlled, and final stable syllables.
Key skills: Decoding, Syllable typesDecode compound words, contractions, and abbreviations.
Key skills: Decoding, Word structuresDecode words using knowledge of prefixes.
Key skills: Decoding, PrefixesDecode words using knowledge of suffixes, including how they can change base words.
Key skills: Decoding, SuffixesIdentify and read high-frequency words from a research-based list.
Key skills: Word recognition, High-frequency wordsSpell multisyllabic words with closed, open, VCe, vowel teams, r-controlled, and final stable syllables.
Key skills: Spelling, Syllable typesSpell homophones.
Key skills: Spelling, HomophonesSpell compound words, contractions, and abbreviations.
Key skills: Spelling, Word structuresSpell multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns.
Key skills: Spelling, Sound-spelling patternsSpell words using knowledge of syllable division patterns such as VCCV, VCV, and VCCCV.
Key skills: Spelling, Syllable divisionSpell words using knowledge of prefixes.
Key skills: Spelling, PrefixesSpell words using knowledge of suffixes, including how they can change base words.
Key skills: Spelling, SuffixesAlphabetize a series of words to the third letter.
Key skills: Alphabetizing, Dictionary skillsWrite complete words, thoughts, and answers legibly in cursive.
Key skills: Cursive writing, LegibilityUse print or digital resources to determine meaning, syllabication, and pronunciation.
Key skills: Reference tools, Word meaningUse context within and beyond a sentence to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
Key skills: Context clues, Word meaningIdentify the meaning of and use words with affixes such as im-, in-, -less, and -ful.
Key skills: Affixes, Word meaningIdentify, use, and explain the meaning of antonyms, synonyms, idioms, and homographs.
Key skills: Word relationships, IdiomsUse appropriate fluency (rate, accuracy, and prosody) when reading grade-level text.
Key skills: Reading fluency, ProsodySelf-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time.
Key skills: Independent reading, Text selectionEstablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts.
Key skills: Reading purpose, MetacognitionGenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding.
Key skills: Questioning, ComprehensionMake and confirm predictions using text features, elements, and structures.
Key skills: Predictions, Text featuresCreate mental images to deepen understanding.
Key skills: Visualization, ComprehensionMake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society.
Key skills: Text connections, ComprehensionMake inferences and use evidence to support understanding.
Key skills: Inference, Text evidenceEvaluate details read to determine key ideas.
Key skills: Main idea, Detail evaluationSynthesize information to create new understanding.
Key skills: Synthesis, ComprehensionMonitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading and annotating.
Key skills: Monitoring, Adjustment strategiesDescribe personal connections to a variety of sources.
Key skills: Personal connection, ResponseWrite responses that demonstrate understanding of texts, including comparing texts.
Key skills: Written response, Text comparisonUse text evidence to support an appropriate response.
Key skills: Text evidence, ResponseRetell and paraphrase texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order.
Key skills: Retelling, ParaphrasingInteract with sources in meaningful ways such as illustrating or writing.
Key skills: Interaction, Creative responseRespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate.
Key skills: Vocabulary use, ResponseDiscuss specific ideas in the text that are important to the meaning.
Key skills: Discussion, Text analysisInfer the theme of a work, distinguishing theme from topic.
Key skills: Theme, InferenceExplain the relationships among the major and minor characters.
Key skills: Character analysis, RelationshipsAnalyze plot elements, including sequence of events, conflict, and resolution.
Key skills: Plot analysis, Conflict/ResolutionExplain the influence of the setting on the plot.
Key skills: Setting, Plot influenceDemonstrate knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of well-known children's literature.
Key skills: Genre knowledge, Literary characteristicsExplain rhyme scheme, sound devices, and structural elements of poetry.
Key skills: Poetry analysis, Sound devicesExplain the elements of drama such as characters, dialogue, setting, and acts.
Key skills: Drama elements, DialogueRecognize characteristics and structures of informational text including central idea and details.
Key skills: Informational text, Central ideaRecognize characteristics and structures of informational text including features such as sections.
Key skills: Text features, Informational textRecognize characteristics and structures of informational text including organizational patterns.
Key skills: Organizational patterns, Informational textRecognize characteristics and structures of argumentative text including claim and audience.
Key skills: Argumentative text, ClaimRecognize characteristics of multimodal and digital texts.
Key skills: Multimodal texts, Digital literacyExplain the author's purpose and message within a text.
Key skills: Author's purpose, MessageExplain how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose.
Key skills: Text structure, Author's purposeExplain the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes.
Key skills: Graphic features, Author's purposeDescribe how the author's use of imagery, literal and figurative language achieves purposes.
Key skills: Imagery, Figurative languageIdentify the use of literary devices, including first- or third-person point of view.
Key skills: Literary devices, Point of viewDiscuss how the author's use of language contributes to voice.
Key skills: Voice, Language useIdentify and explain the use of hyperbole.
Key skills: Hyperbole, Author's craftPlan a first draft by selecting a genre for a topic, purpose, and audience.
Key skills: Planning, DraftingDevelop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing.
Key skills: Drafting, StructureRevise drafts to improve sentence structure and word choice by adding or deleting words.
Key skills: Revision, Word choiceEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including complete sentences and verb tense.
Key skills: Editing, ConventionsPublish written work for a specific audience.
Key skills: Publishing, AudienceCompose literary texts, including personal narratives and poetry, using genre characteristics.
Key skills: Personal narrative, PoetryCompose informational texts, including brief compositions that convey information.
Key skills: Informational writing, ExpositoryCompose argumentative texts, including opinion essays, using genre characteristics.
Key skills: Argumentative writing, OpinionCompose correspondence such as thank you notes or letters.
Key skills: Correspondence, Letter writingGenerate questions on a topic for formal and informal inquiry.
Key skills: Questioning, InquiryDevelop and follow a research plan with adult assistance.
Key skills: Research plan, InquiryIdentify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources.
Key skills: Information gathering, SourcesIdentify primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Source types, ResearchDemonstrate understanding of information gathered.
Key skills: Comprehension, ResearchDifferentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism.
Key skills: Ethics, ParaphrasingCreate a works cited page.
Key skills: Citations, ResearchUse an appropriate mode of delivery to present results.
Key skills: Presentation, CommunicationListen actively to interpret a message, ask clarifying questions, and respond appropriately.
Key skills: Active listening, Clarifying questionsFollow, restate, and give oral instructions that involve a short, related sequence of actions.
Key skills: Following instructions, Restating directionsExpress an opinion supported by relevant information, employing eye contact, speaking rate, volume, and enunciation.
Key skills: Expressing opinions, Oral presentationWork collaboratively with others to develop a plan of shared responsibilities.
Key skills: Collaboration, Shared responsibilityDecode words with specific orthographic patterns and rules, including regular and irregular plurals.
Key skills: Decoding, Plural rulesDecode multisyllabic words with closed, open, VCe, vowel teams, r-controlled, and final stable syllables.
Key skills: Multisyllabic decoding, Syllable typesDecode words using advanced knowledge of syllable division patterns such as VCV.
Key skills: Syllable division, VCV patternsDecode words using knowledge of prefixes.
Key skills: Prefixes, Word analysisDecode words using knowledge of suffixes, including base word changes like dropping e or changing y to i.
Key skills: Suffixes, Base word changesIdentify and read high-frequency words from a research-based list.
Key skills: High-frequency words, Sight readingSpell multisyllabic words with closed, open, VCe, vowel teams, r-controlled, and final stable syllables.
Key skills: Spelling, Syllable patternsSpell homophones correctly.
Key skills: Homophones, Spelling accuracySpell multisyllabic words with multiple sound-spelling patterns.
Key skills: Complex spelling, Sound-spellingSpell words using advanced knowledge of syllable division patterns.
Key skills: Syllable division, SpellingSpell words using knowledge of prefixes.
Key skills: Prefixes, SpellingSpell words using knowledge of suffixes, including base word changes.
Key skills: Suffixes, Spelling rulesWrite legibly in cursive to complete assignments.
Key skills: Cursive writing, LegibilityUse print or digital resources to determine meaning, syllabication, and pronunciation.
Key skills: Dictionary skills, Resource usageUse context within and beyond a sentence to determine the relevant meaning of unfamiliar words.
Key skills: Context clues, Word meaningDetermine the meaning of and use words with affixes (mis-, sub-, -ment, -ity) and roots (auto, graph, meter).
Key skills: Affixes, Greek/Latin rootsIdentify, use, and explain the meaning of homophones such as reign/rain/rein.
Key skills: Homophones, Word usageUse appropriate fluency (rate, accuracy, and prosody) when reading grade-level text.
Key skills: Reading rate, ProsodySelf-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time.
Key skills: Independent reading, Text selectionEstablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts.
Key skills: Setting purpose, Reading focusGenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding.
Key skills: Questioning, Deepening understandingMake and correct or confirm predictions using text features, genre characteristics, and structures.
Key skills: Predictions, Text featuresCreate mental images to deepen understanding.
Key skills: Visualization, Mental imageryMake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society.
Key skills: Text connections, Prior knowledgeMake inferences and use evidence to support understanding.
Key skills: Inference, Text evidenceEvaluate details read to determine key ideas.
Key skills: Key ideas, Evaluating detailsSynthesize information to create new understanding.
Key skills: Synthesis, New understandingMonitor comprehension and make adjustments when understanding breaks down.
Key skills: Metacognition, Self-monitoringDescribe personal connections to a variety of sources, including self-selected texts.
Key skills: Personal connection, Reflective responseWrite responses that demonstrate understanding of texts, including comparing and contrasting ideas.
Key skills: Written response, Compare and contrastUse text evidence to support an appropriate response.
Key skills: Text evidence, Supporting claimsRetell, paraphrase, or summarize texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order.
Key skills: Summarizing, ParaphrasingInteract with sources in meaningful ways such as notetaking, annotating, or illustrating.
Key skills: Notetaking, AnnotationInfer basic themes supported by text evidence.
Key skills: Theme, Text evidenceExplain the interactions of the characters and the changes they undergo.
Key skills: Character analysis, Character changeAnalyze plot elements, including rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
Key skills: Plot structure, Story elementsExplain the influence of the setting on the plot.
Key skills: Setting, Plot influenceDemonstrate knowledge of characteristics of folktales, fables, legends, myths, and tall tales.
Key skills: Traditional literature, Genre characteristicsExplain the use of graphic elements such as punctuation and capitalization in poems.
Key skills: Poetry analysis, Graphic elementsExplain structure in drama such as character tags, acts, scenes, and stage directions.
Key skills: Drama structure, Stage directionsRecognize the central idea with supporting evidence in informational text.
Key skills: Central idea, Supporting evidenceRecognize features such as pronunciation guides and diagrams in informational text.
Key skills: Text features, DiagramsRecognize organizational patterns such as cause and effect and problem and solution.
Key skills: Organizational patterns, Text structureIdentify the claim in argumentative text.
Key skills: Identifying claims, Argument analysisExplain how the author has used facts for or against an argument.
Key skills: Evidence analysis, Fact vs. opinionIdentify the intended audience or reader of an argumentative text.
Key skills: Audience identification, Author's intentExplain the author's purpose and message within a text.
Key skills: Author's purpose, Message analysisExplain how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose.
Key skills: Text structure, Purposeful organizationAnalyze the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes.
Key skills: Graphic features, Visual analysisDescribe how imagery, figurative language (simile/metaphor), and sound devices achieve purposes.
Key skills: Figurative language, ImageryIdentify and understand the use of literary devices, including first- or third-person point of view.
Key skills: Point of view, Literary devicesExamine how the author's use of language contributes to voice.
Key skills: Author's voice, Word choiceIdentify and explain the use of anecdote.
Key skills: Anecdote, Narrative techniquePlan a first draft by selecting a genre, topic, purpose, and audience using strategies.
Key skills: Prewriting, PlanningOrganize drafts with purposeful structure, including introduction, transitions, and conclusion.
Key skills: Organization, TransitionsDevelop an engaging idea with relevant details in drafts.
Key skills: Idea development, ElaborationRevise drafts to improve sentence structure and word choice for coherence and clarity.
Key skills: Revision, Sentence varietyEdit for complete sentences with subject-verb agreement and avoidance of run-ons/fragments.
Key skills: Sentence editing, Subject-verb agreementEdit for past, present, and future verb tenses.
Key skills: Verb tense, GrammarEdit for singular, plural, common, and proper nouns.
Key skills: Noun usage, CapitalizationEdit for adjectives, including comparative and superlative forms.
Key skills: Adjectives, ComparativesEdit for adverbs that convey frequency and degree.
Key skills: Adverbs, Frequency/DegreeEdit for prepositions and prepositional phrases.
Key skills: Prepositions, PhrasingEdit for pronouns, including relative pronouns.
Key skills: Pronouns, Relative pronounsEdit for coordinating conjunctions to form compound subjects, predicates, and sentences.
Key skills: Conjunctions, Compound sentencesEdit for capitalization of historical periods, events, documents, titles, and nationalities.
Key skills: Capitalization, Proper nounsEdit for punctuation marks, including commas in compound sentences and quotation marks.
Key skills: Punctuation, DialogueEdit for correct spelling of grade-appropriate words and high-frequency words.
Key skills: Spelling, ProofreadingPublish written work for appropriate audiences.
Key skills: Publishing, Final productCompose literary texts such as personal narratives and poetry using genre characteristics.
Key skills: Narrative writing, Poetry compositionCompose informational texts using a clear central idea and genre characteristics.
Key skills: Informational writing, Central ideaCompose argumentative texts, including opinion essays, using genre characteristics.
Key skills: Argumentative writing, Opinion essaysCompose correspondence such as thank you notes or letters.
Key skills: Correspondence, Letter writingGenerate and clarify questions on a topic for formal and informal inquiry.
Key skills: Research questions, InquiryDevelop and follow a research plan with adult assistance.
Key skills: Research planning, OrganizationIdentify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources.
Key skills: Information gathering, Source selectionIdentify primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Primary sources, Secondary sourcesDemonstrate understanding of information gathered.
Key skills: Comprehension, Data analysisRecognize the difference between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials.
Key skills: Academic integrity, ParaphrasingDevelop a bibliography.
Key skills: Citations, BibliographyUse an appropriate mode of delivery to present results.
Key skills: Presentation, Communicationlisten actively to interpret verbal and non-verbal messages, ask relevant questions, and make pertinent comments
Key skills: active listening, interpreting messagesfollow, restate, and give oral instructions that include multiple action steps
Key skills: following instructions, giving instructionsgive an organized presentation employing eye contact, speaking rate, volume, enunciation, natural gestures, and conventions of language
Key skills: oral presentation, public speakingwork collaboratively with others to develop a plan of shared, focused purpose
Key skills: collaboration, planningdecode words with consonant changes, including /t/ to /sh/ such as in select and selection and /k/ to /sh/ such as in music and musician
Key skills: decoding, phonetic knowledgedecode multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables
Key skills: decoding, syllable typesdecode words using advanced knowledge of syllable division patterns
Key skills: decoding, syllabicationdecode words using knowledge of suffixes, including how they can change base words such as dropping e, changing y to i, and doubling final consonants
Key skills: decoding, morphologyidentify and read high-frequency words from a research-based list
Key skills: word recognition, high-frequency wordsspell multisyllabic words with closed syllables; open syllables; VCe syllables; vowel teams; r-controlled syllables; and final stable syllables
Key skills: spelling, orthographyspell words with consonant changes, including /t/ to /sh/ such as in select and selection and /k/ to /sh/ such as in music and musician
Key skills: spelling, phonetic patternsspell multisyllabic words with proper mechanics when using suffixes, including dropping e, changing y to i, and doubling final consonants
Key skills: spelling, suffix rulesspell words with silent letters such as knee and ghost
Key skills: spelling, silent lettersspell words with Greek and Latin roots and affixes
Key skills: spelling, etymologywrite legibly in cursive to complete schoolwork
Key skills: handwriting, cursiveuse print or digital resources to determine meaning, syllabication, pronunciation, and part of speech
Key skills: dictionary skills, reference toolsuse context within and beyond a sentence to determine the relevant meaning of unfamiliar words or multiple-meaning words
Key skills: context clues, word meaningidentify the meaning of and use words with affixes such as trans-, super-, -ive, and -logy and roots such as geo and photo
Key skills: affixes, rootsidentify, use, and explain the meaning of adages and puns
Key skills: figurative language, word playuse appropriate fluency (rate, accuracy, and prosody) when reading grade-level text
Key skills: reading fluency, prosodyself-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time
Key skills: independent reading, staminaestablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts
Key skills: setting purpose, metacognitiongenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information
Key skills: questioning, inquirymake, correct, or confirm predictions using textual evidence
Key skills: prediction, text evidencecreate mental images to deepen understanding
Key skills: visualization, mental imagerymake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society
Key skills: making connections, text-to-worldmake inferences and use textual evidence to support understanding
Key skills: inference, text evidenceevaluate details read to determine key ideas
Key skills: evaluating details, main ideasynthesize information to create new understanding
Key skills: synthesis, critical thinkingmonitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading, using background knowledge, asking questions, and annotating
Key skills: monitoring comprehension, fix-up strategiesdescribe personal connections to a variety of sources, including self-selected texts
Key skills: personal response, connectingwrite responses that demonstrate understanding of texts, including comparing and contrasting ideas across in multiple texts
Key skills: written response, comparisonuse text evidence to support an appropriate response
Key skills: text evidence, justificationretell, paraphrase, or summarize texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order
Key skills: summarizing, paraphrasinginteract with sources in meaningful ways such as notetaking, annotating, freewriting, or illustrating
Key skills: active reading, notetakingrespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate
Key skills: vocabulary application, expressiondiscuss specific ideas in the text that are important to the meaning
Key skills: discussion, analysisinfer multiple themes within a text using text evidence
Key skills: theme, inferenceanalyze the relationships of and conflicts among the characters
Key skills: character analysis, conflictanalyze plot elements, including rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution
Key skills: plot structure, analysisanalyze the influence of the setting, including historical and cultural settings, on the plot
Key skills: setting, plot influencedemonstrate knowledge of distinguishing characteristics of well-known children's literature such as folktales, fables, legends, myths, and tall tales
Key skills: literary genres, characteristicsexplain the use of graphic elements such as punctuation and capitalization in poems
Key skills: poetry, graphic elementsanalyze the elements of a play, including dialogue, characters, and scenes
Key skills: drama, play elementsrecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including the central idea with supporting evidence
Key skills: informational text, central idearecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including features such as insets, timelines, and sidebars
Key skills: text features, informational textrecognize characteristics and structures of informational text, including organizational patterns such as logical order and order of importance
Key skills: text structure, organizationrecognize characteristics and structures of argumentative text by identifying the claim
Key skills: argumentative text, claimrecognize characteristics and structures of argumentative text by explaining how the author has used facts for or against an argument
Key skills: argumentative text, evidencerecognize characteristics and structures of argumentative text by identifying the intended audience or reader
Key skills: audience, argumentative textrecognize characteristics of multimodal and digital texts
Key skills: multimodal texts, digital literacyexplain the author's purpose and message within a text
Key skills: author's purpose, messageanalyze how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose
Key skills: text structure, author's purposeanalyze the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes
Key skills: graphic features, author's craftdescribe how the author's use of imagery, literal and figurative language, and sound devices achieves specific purposes
Key skills: imagery, figurative languageidentify and understand the use of literary devices, including first- or third-person point of view
Key skills: literary devices, point of viewexamine how the author's use of language contributes to voice
Key skills: voice, author's craftexplain the purpose of hyperbole, stereotyping, and anecdote
Key skills: literary devices, analysisplan a first draft by selecting a genre for a particular topic, purpose, and audience using a range of strategies
Key skills: planning, prewritingdevelop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing by organizing with purposeful structure
Key skills: drafting, organizationdevelop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing by developing an engaging idea with specific facts and details
Key skills: drafting, elaborationrevise drafts to improve sentence structure and word choice by adding, deleting, combining, and rearranging ideas
Key skills: revision, sentence structureedit drafts using standard English conventions, including complete simple and compound sentences
Key skills: editing, sentence typesedit drafts using standard English conventions, including past tense of irregular verbs
Key skills: editing, verb tenseedit drafts using standard English conventions, including collective nouns
Key skills: editing, nounsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including adjectives, including their comparative and superlative forms
Key skills: editing, adjectivesedit drafts using standard English conventions, including conjunctive adverbs
Key skills: editing, adverbsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including prepositions and prepositional phrases
Key skills: editing, prepositionsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including pronouns, including indefinite
Key skills: editing, pronounsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including capitalization of abbreviations, initials, acronyms, and organizations
Key skills: editing, capitalizationedit drafts using standard English conventions, including italics, underlining, quotation marks, and commas
Key skills: editing, punctuationedit drafts using standard English conventions, including correct spelling of words with grade-appropriate patterns
Key skills: editing, spellingpublish written work for appropriate audiences
Key skills: publishing, audiencecompose literary texts such as personal narratives, fiction, and poetry using genre characteristics and craft
Key skills: literary writing, narrativecompose informational texts, including brief compositions that convey information about a topic
Key skills: informational writing, expositorycompose argumentative texts, including opinion essays, using genre characteristics and craft
Key skills: argumentative writing, opinioncompose correspondence that requests information
Key skills: correspondence, functional writinggenerate and clarify questions on a topic for formal and informal inquiry
Key skills: questioning, inquirydevelop and follow a research plan with adult assistance
Key skills: research plan, organizationidentify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources
Key skills: gathering information, sourcesunderstand credibility of primary and secondary sources
Key skills: source credibility, primary/secondary sourcesdemonstrate understanding of information gathered
Key skills: comprehension, researchdifferentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials
Key skills: academic integrity, paraphrasingdevelop a bibliography
Key skills: citation, bibliographyuse an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results
Key skills: presentation, communicationlisten actively to interpret a message, ask relevant questions, and make pertinent comments;
Key skills: active listening, questioningfollow and give complex oral instructions to perform specific tasks, answer questions, or solve problems;
Key skills: oral instructions, problem solvingadvocate a position using organized supporting ideas, credible evidence, and relevant communication strategies;
Key skills: advocacy, evidence-based speakingparticipate in student-led discussions by eliciting and considering suggestions from other group members and identifying points of agreement and disagreement;
Key skills: collaborative discussion, consensus buildinguse print or digital resources to determine the meaning, syllabication, pronunciation, word origin, and part of speech;
Key skills: resource usage, word analysisuse context such as definition, analogy, and examples to clarify the meaning of words;
Key skills: context clues, vocabulary clarificationdetermine the meaning and usage of grade-level academic English words derived from Greek and Latin roots;
Key skills: etymology, academic vocabularyadjust fluency when reading aloud grade-level text based on the reading purpose and nature of the text;
Key skills: reading fluency, oral expressionself-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time;
Key skills: independent reading, text selectionestablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts;
Key skills: reading purpose, goal settinggenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information;
Key skills: question generation, active readingmake, correct, or confirm predictions using textual evidence;
Key skills: prediction, textual evidencecreate mental images to deepen understanding;
Key skills: visualization, mental imagerymake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society;
Key skills: making connections, text-to-worldmake inferences and use evidence to support understanding;
Key skills: inference, evidence supportevaluate details read to determine key ideas;
Key skills: detail evaluation, key ideassynthesize information to create new understanding;
Key skills: synthesis, critical thinkingmonitor comprehension and make adjustments when understanding breaks down;
Key skills: metacognition, self-correctiondescribe personal connections to a variety of sources;
Key skills: personal response, source connectionwrite responses that demonstrate understanding of texts, including comparing sources within and across genres;
Key skills: written response, comparative analysisuse text evidence to support an appropriate response;
Key skills: text evidence, justificationparaphrase and summarize texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order;
Key skills: summarization, paraphrasinginteract with sources in meaningful ways such as notetaking, annotating, freewriting, or illustrating;
Key skills: annotation, notetakingrespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate;
Key skills: vocabulary application, responsediscuss and write about the explicit or implicit meanings of text;
Key skills: text analysis, meaning interpretationrespond orally or in writing with appropriate register, vocabulary, tone, and voice;
Key skills: communication style, tone/voicereflect on and adjust responses as new evidence is presented;
Key skills: reflection, evidence adjustmentinfer multiple themes within and help determine the theme of a text;
Key skills: theme inference, literary analysisanalyze how the characters' internal and external responses develop the plot;
Key skills: character analysis, plot developmentanalyze plot elements, including rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution;
Key skills: plot structure, narrative analysisanalyze the influence of the setting on character and plot development;
Key skills: setting analysis, literary influencedemonstrate knowledge of literary genres such as realistic fiction, adventure stories, historical fiction, mysteries, humor, and myths;
Key skills: genre identification, literary knowledgeanalyze the effect of meter and structural elements such as line breaks in poems across a variety of poetic forms;
Key skills: poetry analysis, structural elementsanalyze how playwrights develop characters through dialogue and staging;
Key skills: drama analysis, character developmentanalyze characteristics and structural elements of informational text, including the controlling idea or thesis with supporting evidence;
Key skills: informational text, thesis analysisanalyze characteristics and structural elements of informational text, including features such as introduction, foreword, preface, and afterword;
Key skills: text features, informational structureanalyze characteristics and structural elements of informational text, including organizational patterns such as definition, classification, advantage, and disadvantage;
Key skills: organizational patterns, text structureanalyze characteristics and structural elements of argumentative text, including identifying the claim;
Key skills: argumentative text, claim identificationanalyze characteristics and structural elements of argumentative text, including explaining how the author uses various types of evidence to support the claim;
Key skills: evidence analysis, argument supportanalyze characteristics and structural elements of argumentative text, including identifying the intended audience or target;
Key skills: audience analysis, argumentative purposeanalyze characteristics of multimodal and digital texts;
Key skills: multimodal analysis, digital literacyexplain the author's purpose and message within a text;
Key skills: author's purpose, message analysisanalyze how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose;
Key skills: text structure, purposeful designanalyze the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes;
Key skills: graphic features, visual analysisdescribe how the author's use of figurative language such as metaphor and personification achieves specific purposes;
Key skills: figurative language, literary effectidentify the use of literary devices, including omniscient and limited point of view, to achieve a specific purpose;
Key skills: point of view, literary devicesanalyze how the author's use of language contributes to mood and voice;
Key skills: mood and voice, language analysisexplain the differences between rhetorical devices and logical fallacies;
Key skills: rhetorical devices, logical fallaciesplan a first draft by selecting a genre appropriate for a particular topic, purpose, and audience using a range of strategies;
Key skills: prewriting, genre selectiondevelop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing by organizing with purposeful structure, including an introduction, transitions, and a conclusion;
Key skills: drafting, organizationdevelop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing by developing an engaging idea with relevant details and commentary;
Key skills: content development, elaborationrevise drafts for clarity, development, organization, style, word choice, and sentence variety;
Key skills: revision, writing styleedit drafts using standard English conventions, including complete complex sentences with subject-verb agreement and avoidance of splices, run-ons, and fragments;
Key skills: sentence structure, grammaredit drafts using standard English conventions, including consistent, appropriate use of verb tenses;
Key skills: verb tense, editingedit drafts using standard English conventions, including conjunctive adverbs;
Key skills: conjunctive adverbs, conventionsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including prepositions and prepositional phrases and their influence on subject-verb agreement;
Key skills: prepositions, subject-verb agreementedit drafts using standard English conventions, including pronouns, including relative;
Key skills: pronouns, relative pronounsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including subordinating conjunctions to form complex sentences and correlative conjunctions;
Key skills: conjunctions, complex sentencesedit drafts using standard English conventions, including capitalization of proper nouns, including abbreviations, initials, acronyms, and organizations;
Key skills: capitalization, proper nounsedit drafts using standard English conventions, including punctuation marks, including commas in compound and complex sentences, quotation marks in dialogue, and italics/underlining;
Key skills: punctuation, dialogue formattingedit drafts using standard English conventions, including correct spelling, including commonly confused terms;
Key skills: spelling, homophonespublish written work for appropriate audiences;
Key skills: publishing, audience awarenesscompose literary texts such as personal narratives, fiction, and poetry using genre characteristics and craft;
Key skills: literary writing, creative writingcompose informational texts, including multi-paragraph essays that convey information about a topic, using a clear controlling idea or thesis statement;
Key skills: informational writing, essay structurecompose argumentative texts using genre characteristics and craft;
Key skills: argumentative writing, persuasioncompose correspondence that reflects an opinion, registers a complaint, or requests information in a business or friendly structure;
Key skills: correspondence, formal writinggenerate student-selected and teacher-guided questions for formal and informal inquiry;
Key skills: research questions, inquirydevelop and revise a plan;
Key skills: research planning, revisionrefine the major research question, if necessary, guided by the answers to a secondary set of questions;
Key skills: question refinement, research strategyidentify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources;
Key skills: information gathering, source identificationdifferentiate between primary and secondary sources;
Key skills: source evaluation, primary vs secondarysynthesize information from a variety of sources;
Key skills: information synthesis, research integrationdifferentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials;
Key skills: academic integrity, paraphrasingexamine sources for reliability, credibility, and bias;
Key skills: source reliability, bias detectiondisplay academic citations and use source materials ethically;
Key skills: citations, ethical researchuse an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results;
Key skills: presentation, communicationlisten actively to interpret a message and ask clarifying questions that build on others' ideas
Key skills: active listening, clarifying questionsfollow and give complex oral instructions to perform specific tasks, answer questions, or solve problems
Key skills: oral instructions, problem solvingpresent a cohesive opinion or explanation that builds on the ideas of others, as applicable
Key skills: oral presentation, building ideasengage in meaningful discourse and provide and accept constructive feedback from others
Key skills: discourse, constructive feedbackuse print or digital resources to determine the meaning, syllabication, pronunciation, word origin, and part of speech
Key skills: resource use, word analysisuse context such as contrast or cause and effect to clarify the meaning of words
Key skills: context clues, word meaningdetermine the meaning and usage of grade-level academic English words derived from Greek and Latin roots
Key skills: etymology, academic vocabularyadjust fluency when reading grade-level text based on the reading purpose
Key skills: reading fluency, purposeful readingself-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time
Key skills: independent reading, text selectionestablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts
Key skills: reading purpose, metacognitiongenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information
Key skills: questioning, deepening understandingmake and correct or confirm predictions using text features, characteristics of genre, and structures
Key skills: prediction, text analysiscreate mental images to deepen understanding
Key skills: visualization, comprehensionmake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society
Key skills: text connections, synthesismake inferences and use evidence to support understanding
Key skills: inference, evidence useevaluate details read to determine key ideas
Key skills: evaluation, main ideassynthesize information to create new understanding
Key skills: synthesis, critical thinkingmonitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading, using background knowledge, and asking questions
Key skills: self-monitoring, reading strategiesdescribe personal connections to a variety of sources, including self-selected texts
Key skills: personal connection, text responsewrite responses that demonstrate understanding of texts, including comparing sources within and across genres
Key skills: written response, comparative analysisuse text evidence to support an appropriate response
Key skills: text evidence, justificationparaphrase and summarize texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order
Key skills: paraphrasing, summarizinginteract with sources in meaningful ways such as notetaking, annotating, freewriting, or illustrating
Key skills: active engagement, notetakingrespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate
Key skills: vocabulary application, expressiondiscuss and write about the explicit or implicit meanings of text
Key skills: textual analysis, meaning makingrespond orally or in writing with appropriate register, vocabulary, tone, and voice
Key skills: communication style, audience awarenessreflect on and adjust responses as new evidence is presented
Key skills: reflection, evidence-based adjustmentinfer multiple themes within and across texts using text evidence
Key skills: theme analysis, text evidenceanalyze how characters' qualities influence events and resolution of the conflict
Key skills: character analysis, plot developmentanalyze plot elements, including use of foreshadowing and suspense, to advance the plot
Key skills: plot elements, literary techniquesanalyze how the setting influences character and plot development
Key skills: setting analysis, narrative structuredemonstrate knowledge of literary genres such as realistic fiction, adventure stories, historical fiction, mysteries, humor, and myths
Key skills: genre knowledge, literary typesanalyze the effect of graphical elements such as punctuation and line length in poems across a variety of forms
Key skills: poetry analysis, graphical elementsanalyze how playwrights develop characters through dialogue and stage directions
Key skills: drama analysis, characterizationanalyze characteristics and structures of informational text, including the central idea with supporting evidence
Key skills: informational text, central ideaanalyze multi-layered features such as tables, graphs, and diagrams to support understanding
Key skills: text features, visual literacyanalyze organizational patterns that support the author's purpose
Key skills: text structure, author's purposeanalyze characteristics and structures of argumentative text by identifying the claim
Key skills: argument analysis, claim identificationexplain how the author uses various types of evidence and consideration of alternatives to support the argument
Key skills: evidence analysis, counterargumentsidentify the intended audience or reader
Key skills: audience analysis, persuasionanalyze characteristics of multimodal and digital texts
Key skills: digital literacy, multimodal analysisexplain the author's purpose and message within a text
Key skills: author's purpose, message analysisanalyze how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose
Key skills: text structure, purposeful craftanalyze the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes
Key skills: graphic features, visual craftdescribe how the author's use of figurative language such as metaphor and personification achieves specific purposes
Key skills: figurative language, literary devicesidentify the use of literary devices, including subjective and objective point of view
Key skills: point of view, literary devicesanalyze how the author's use of language contributes to mood, voice, and tone
Key skills: mood and tone, voice analysisexplain the purpose of rhetorical devices such as direct address and rhetorical questions and logical fallacies
Key skills: rhetorical devices, logical fallaciesplan a first draft by selecting a genre appropriate for a particular topic, purpose, and audience
Key skills: prewriting, genre selectiondevelop drafts into a focused piece by organizing with purposeful structure, including an introduction, transitions, and conclusion
Key skills: drafting, organizationdevelop drafts by developing an engaging idea reflecting depth of thought with specific facts, details, and examples
Key skills: elaboration, idea developmentrevise drafts for clarity, development, organization, style, word choice, and sentence variety
Key skills: revision, word choiceedit drafts using standard English conventions, including complete complex sentences with subject-verb agreement
Key skills: editing, sentence structureedit drafts using consistent, appropriate use of verb tenses
Key skills: verb tense, grammaredit drafts using conjunctive adverbs
Key skills: conjunctive adverbs, conventionsedit drafts using prepositions and prepositional phrases and their influence on subject-verb agreement
Key skills: prepositions, subject-verb agreementedit drafts using pronouns, including relative
Key skills: pronoun usage, conventionsedit drafts using subordinating conjunctions to form complex sentences and correlative conjunctions
Key skills: conjunctions, complex sentencesedit drafts using correct capitalization
Key skills: capitalization, mechanicsedit drafts using punctuation, including commas to set off words, phrases, and clauses, and semicolons
Key skills: punctuation, commas and semicolonsedit drafts using correct spelling, including commonly confused terms
Key skills: spelling, commonly confused wordspublish written work for appropriate audiences
Key skills: publishing, audience awarenesscompose literary texts such as personal narratives and fiction using genre characteristics and craft
Key skills: literary writing, narrative craftcompose informational texts, including multi-paragraph essays that convey information about a topic
Key skills: informational writing, essay structurecompose argumentative texts, including multi-paragraph essays and correspondence, using genre characteristics and craft
Key skills: argumentative writing, persuasive craftgenerate student-selected and teacher-guided questions for formal and informal inquiry
Key skills: research questions, inquirydevelop and revise a plan
Key skills: research planning, revisionrefine the major research question, if necessary, guided by the answers to a secondary set of questions
Key skills: question refinement, secondary questionsidentify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources
Key skills: information gathering, source selectiondifferentiate between primary and secondary sources
Key skills: source types, differentiationsynthesize information from a variety of sources
Key skills: synthesis, research integrationdifferentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials
Key skills: academic integrity, paraphrasingexamine sources for reliability, credibility, and bias
Key skills: source evaluation, credibilityexamine sources for faulty reasoning such as hyperbole, emotional appeals, and stereotype
Key skills: critical analysis, logical fallaciesdisplay academic citations and use source materials ethically
Key skills: citations, ethical researchuse an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results
Key skills: presentation, communicationlisten actively to interpret a speaker's message by summarizing, asking questions, and making connections
Key skills: Active listening, Summarizingfollow and give complex oral instructions to perform specific tasks, answer questions, or solve problems
Key skills: Oral instructions, Problem solvingadvocate a position using anecdotes, analogies, and/or illustrations employing eye contact, speaking rate, and volume
Key skills: Public speaking, Persuasionparticipate collaboratively in discussions, plan agendas with clear goals and deadlines, and vote on key issues
Key skills: Collaboration, Discussion managementdetermine the meaning of grade-level academic English words derived from Greek and Latin roots
Key skills: Etymology, Word analysisuse context such as contrast or cause and effect to clarify the meaning of words
Key skills: Context clues, Vocabulary developmentdetermine the meaning and usage of academic English words using context and reference resources
Key skills: Reference skills, Word usageadjust fluency when reading aloud grade-level text based on the reading purpose and nature of the text
Key skills: Oral reading, Fluency adjustmentself-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time
Key skills: Independent reading, Text selectionestablish purpose for reading assigned and self-selected texts
Key skills: Reading purpose, Metacognitiongenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding
Key skills: Inquiry, Active readingmake, correct, or confirm predictions using textual features, characteristics of genre, and structures
Key skills: Prediction, Genre analysiscreate mental images to deepen understanding
Key skills: Visualization, Comprehensionmake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society
Key skills: Text connections, Synthesismake inferences and use evidence to support understanding
Key skills: Inference, Evidence usageevaluate details read to determine key ideas
Key skills: Critical evaluation, Main ideasynthesize information to create new understanding
Key skills: Synthesis, Knowledge constructionmonitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading or annotating when understanding breaks down
Key skills: Self-monitoring, Fix-up strategiesdescribe personal connections to a variety of sources, including self-selected texts
Key skills: Personal connection, Reflectionwrite responses that demonstrate understanding of texts, including comparing sources within and across genres
Key skills: Written response, Comparative analysisuse text evidence to support an appropriate response
Key skills: Evidence, Textual supportparaphrase and summarize texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order
Key skills: Paraphrasing, Summarizinginteract with sources in meaningful ways such as notetaking, annotating, freewriting, or illustrating
Key skills: Annotation, Active engagementrespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate
Key skills: Vocabulary application, Communicationdiscuss and write about the explicit or implicit meanings of text
Key skills: Textual analysis, Interpretationrespond orally or in writing with appropriate register, vocabulary, tone, and voice
Key skills: Tone, Registerreflect on and adjust responses as new evidence is presented
Key skills: Reflection, Critical thinkingdefend or challenge the authors' claims using relevant text evidence
Key skills: Argumentation, Evidence evaluationanalyze how themes are developed through the interaction of characters and events
Key skills: Theme analysis, Character interactionanalyze how characters' motivations and behaviors influence events and resolution of the conflict
Key skills: Character motivation, Plot resolutionanalyze non-linear plot development such as flashbacks and subplots and compare it to linear plot development
Key skills: Plot structure, Narrative devicesexplain how the setting influences the values and beliefs of characters and contributes to the plot
Key skills: Setting analysis, Character developmentdemonstrate knowledge of literary genres such as realistic fiction, historical fiction, and science fiction
Key skills: Genre identification, Literary knowledgeanalyze the effect of graphical elements such as punctuation and line length in poems
Key skills: Poetry analysis, Graphical elementsanalyze how playwrights develop dramatic action through the use of acts and scenes
Key skills: Drama analysis, Dramatic actionanalyze characteristics and structural elements of informational text, including controlling ideas and features
Key skills: Informational text, Text featuresanalyze characteristics and structural elements of argumentative texts, including claims and counter arguments
Key skills: Argumentative analysis, Counter argumentsexplain the author's purpose and message within a text
Key skills: Author's purpose, Message analysisanalyze how the use of text structure contributes to the author's purpose
Key skills: Text structure, Purpose analysisanalyze the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes
Key skills: Graphic features, Visual literacydescribe how the author's use of figurative language such as extended metaphor achieves specific purposes
Key skills: Figurative language, Metaphoridentify and analyze the use of literary devices, including multiple points of view and irony
Key skills: Literary devices, Point of viewanalyze how the author's use of language contributes to mood, voice, and tone
Key skills: Mood and tone, Voiceexplain the purpose of rhetorical devices such as analogy and juxtaposition and of logical fallacies
Key skills: Rhetorical devices, Logical fallaciesplan a first draft by selecting a genre, determining topics, and developing a thesis or controlling idea
Key skills: Pre-writing, Thesis developmentdevelop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing with purposeful structure
Key skills: Drafting, Organizationrevise drafts for clarity, development, organization, style, word choice, and sentence variety
Key skills: Revision, Style improvementedit drafts using standard English conventions, including complex sentences, verb tenses, and punctuation
Key skills: Editing, Grammar conventionspublish written work for appropriate audiences
Key skills: Publishing, Audience awarenesscompose literary texts such as personal narratives, fiction, and poetry using genre characteristics and craft
Key skills: Creative writing, Narrative writingcompose informational texts, including multi-paragraph essays with a clear controlling idea or thesis
Key skills: Expository writing, Essay structurecompose multi-paragraph argumentative texts using genre characteristics and craft
Key skills: Argumentative writing, Persuasioncompose correspondence that reflects an opinion, registers a complaint, or requests information
Key skills: Letter writing, Professional communicationgenerate student-selected and teacher-guided questions for formal and informal inquiry
Key skills: Question generation, Inquirydevelop and revise a plan
Key skills: Research planning, Revisionrefine the major research question, if necessary, guided by the answers to secondary questions
Key skills: Research refinement, Critical thinkingidentify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources
Key skills: Information gathering, Source identificationdifferentiate between primary and secondary sources
Key skills: Source evaluation, Primary vs secondarysynthesize information from a variety of sources
Key skills: Synthesis, Information integrationdifferentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials
Key skills: Academic integrity, Paraphrasingexamine sources for reliability, credibility, bias, and faulty reasoning
Key skills: Source credibility, Bias detectiondisplay academic citations and use source materials ethically
Key skills: Citations, Ethicsuse an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results
Key skills: Presentation, Multimodal deliveryEngage in meaningful and respectful discourse by listening to and answering questions, giving and receiving information, and solved problems.
Key skills: Active listening, Collaborative discussionFollow and give complex oral instructions to perform specific tasks, answer questions, or solve problems.
Key skills: Oral instructions, Problem solvingGive a formal presentation that exhibits a logical structure, smooth transitions, accurate evidence, and well-chosen details.
Key skills: Public speaking, Presentation structureParticipate collaboratively, offering ideas or judgments that are purposeful in moving the team toward goals.
Key skills: Teamwork, Goal orientationUse print or digital resources to clarify and validate understanding of the precise and appropriate meaning of technical or discipline-based vocabulary.
Key skills: Resource usage, Technical vocabularyAnalyze context to distinguish among denotative, connotative, and figurative meanings of words.
Key skills: Context analysis, Word meaningDetermine the meaning of foreign words or phrases used frequently in English.
Key skills: Etymology, Foreign phrasesSelf-select text and read independently for a sustained period of time.
Key skills: Independent reading, Text selectionEstablish purposes for reading assigned and self-selected texts.
Key skills: Reading purpose, Goal settingGenerate questions about text before, during, and after reading to deepen understanding and gain information.
Key skills: Inquiry, Active readingMake, correct, or confirm predictions using textual features, characteristics of genre, and structures.
Key skills: Prediction, Genre analysisCreate mental images to deepen understanding.
Key skills: Visualization, Mental modelingMake connections to personal experiences, ideas in other texts, and society.
Key skills: Text connections, SynthesisMake inferences and use evidence to support understanding.
Key skills: Inference, Evidence usageEvaluate details read to determine key ideas.
Key skills: Critical evaluation, Main idea identificationSynthesize information from two texts to create new understanding.
Key skills: Synthesis, Comparative analysisMonitor comprehension and make adjustments such as re-reading, using background knowledge, and asking questions.
Key skills: Metacognition, Self-correctionDescribe personal connections to a variety of sources, including self-selected texts.
Key skills: Personal response, Reflective thinkingWrite responses that demonstrate understanding of texts, including comparing and contrasting ideas across a variety of sources.
Key skills: Written response, Comparative writingUse text evidence and original commentary to support a comprehensive response.
Key skills: Evidence integration, CommentaryParaphrase and summarize texts in ways that maintain meaning and logical order.
Key skills: Summarization, ParaphrasingInteract with sources in meaningful ways such as notetaking, annotating, freewriting, or illustrating.
Key skills: Annotation, Active engagementRespond using newly acquired vocabulary as appropriate.
Key skills: Vocabulary application, Contextual usageDiscuss and write about the explicit or implicit meanings of text.
Key skills: Meaning analysis, DiscussionRespond orally or in writing with appropriate register, vocabulary, tone, and voice.
Key skills: Communication style, Tone controlReflect on and adjust responses as new evidence is presented.
Key skills: Reflective adjustment, Evidence evaluationDefend or challenge the authors' claims using relevant text evidence.
Key skills: Argumentation, Critical analysisAnalyze how themes are developed through characterization and plot, including comparing similar themes in a variety of literary texts.
Key skills: Theme analysis, CharacterizationAnalyze how authors develop complex yet believable characters, including archetypes, through historical and cultural settings and events.
Key skills: Character development, Archetype analysisAnalyze isolated scenes and their contribution to the success of the plot as a whole.
Key skills: Plot structure, Scene analysisAnalyze how historical and cultural settings influence characterization, plot, and theme across texts.
Key skills: Contextual analysis, Setting influenceRead and analyze a variety of literary texts, including classical and contemporary world literature.
Key skills: Literary analysis, World literatureAnalyze the structure and characteristics of informational texts, including multi-paragraph essays and procedural texts.
Key skills: Informational structure, Procedural analysisAnalyze the structure and characteristics of argumentative texts, including identifying the claim and analyzing the evidence.
Key skills: Argument analysis, Claim identificationAnalyze the characteristics of multimodal and digital texts.
Key skills: Digital literacy, Multimodal analysisAnalyze the author's purpose, audience, and message within a text.
Key skills: Purpose analysis, Audience awarenessAnalyze use of text structure to achieve the author's purpose.
Key skills: Structural analysis, Authorial intentAnalyze the author's use of print and graphic features to achieve specific purposes.
Key skills: Graphic analysis, Visual literacyAnalyze how the author's use of language, including diction and syntax, contributes to the tone and voice.
Key skills: Diction analysis, Syntax analysisAnalyze the use of literary devices such as irony, oxymoron, and paradox to achieve specific purposes.
Key skills: Literary devices, Figurative languageAnalyze how the author's use of rhetorical devices, such as analogy and juxtaposition, appeals to the audience.
Key skills: Rhetorical analysis, Audience appealAnalyze the effects of point of view on the reader's understanding of the text.
Key skills: Point of view, Perspective analysisPlan a first draft by selecting a genre appropriate for a particular topic, purpose, and audience.
Key skills: Pre-writing, Genre selectionDevelop drafts into a focused, structured, and coherent piece of writing by generating ideas and organizing them.
Key skills: Drafting, OrganizationRevise drafts to improve clarity, development, organization, style, diction, and sentence effectiveness.
Key skills: Revision, Clarity improvementEdit drafts using standard English conventions, including a variety of complete, controlled sentences.
Key skills: Editing, Grammar conventionsPublish written work for appropriate audiences.
Key skills: Publishing, Audience engagementCompose literary texts such as fiction and poetry using genre characteristics and craft.
Key skills: Creative writing, Genre craftCompose informational texts such as multi-paragraph essays that convey information about a topic.
Key skills: Expository writing, Essay structureCompose multi-paragraph argumentative texts using genre characteristics and craft.
Key skills: Argumentative writing, PersuasionCompose correspondence that reflects an opinion, registers a complaint, or requests information.
Key skills: Business writing, CorrespondenceGenerate student-selected and teacher-guided questions for formal and informal inquiry.
Key skills: Question generation, InquiryDevelop and revise a plan for research.
Key skills: Research planning, Project managementRefine the major research question, if necessary, guided by the answers to a secondary set of questions.
Key skills: Question refinement, Critical thinkingIdentify and gather relevant information from a variety of sources.
Key skills: Information gathering, Source identificationDifferentiate between primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Source evaluation, Primary vs secondarySynthesize information from a variety of sources.
Key skills: Synthesis, Information integrationDifferentiate between paraphrasing and plagiarism when using source materials.
Key skills: Academic integrity, ParaphrasingExamine sources for reliability, credibility, and bias, including omission and faulty reasoning.
Key skills: Critical evaluation, Bias detectionDisplay academic citations and use source materials ethically.
Key skills: Citations, Ethical researchUse an appropriate mode of delivery, whether written, oral, or multimodal, to present results.
Key skills: Presentation, CommunicationApply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.
Key skills: Real-world application, Problem solvingUse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan, determining a solution, and justifying the solution.
Key skills: Problem-solving model, Logical reasoningSelect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques to solve problems.
Key skills: Tool selection, Computational techniquesCommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, and language.
Key skills: Mathematical communication, Multiple representationsCreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Representing ideas, Data organizationAnalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Relationship analysis, Connecting conceptsDisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
Key skills: Justification, Mathematical languageCount forward and backward to at least 20 with and without objects.
Key skills: Rote counting, Backward countingRead, write, and represent whole numbers from 0 to at least 20 with and without objects or pictures.
Key skills: Number recognition, Writing numeralsCount a set of objects up to at least 20 and demonstrate that the last number said tells the number of objects in the set.
Key skills: Cardinality, One-to-one correspondenceRecognize instantly the quantity of a small group of objects in organized and random arrangements.
Key skills: Subitizing, Visual recognitionGenerate a set using concrete and pictorial models that represents a number that is more than, less than, and equal to a given number up to 20.
Key skills: Comparing sets, Set generationGenerate a number that is one more than or one less than another number up to at least 20.
Key skills: Successor/Predecessor, Number relationshipsCompare sets of objects up to at least 20 in each set using comparative language.
Key skills: Comparative language, Set comparisonUse comparative language to describe two numbers up to 20 presented as written numerals.
Key skills: Comparing numerals, Mathematical vocabularyCompose and decompose numbers up to 10 with objects and pictures.
Key skills: Number composition, DecompositionModel the action of joining to represent addition and the action of separating to represent subtraction.
Key skills: Modeling addition, Modeling subtractionSolve word problems using objects and drawings to find sums up to 10 and differences within 10.
Key skills: Word problems, Addition/SubtractionExplain strategies used to solve problems involving adding and subtracting within 10 using spoken words, models, and number sentences.
Key skills: Explaining strategies, Number sentencesIdentify U.S. coins by name, including pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters.
Key skills: Coin identification, Money namesRecite numbers up to at least 100 by ones and tens beginning with any given number.
Key skills: Skip counting, Number sequencesIdentify two-dimensional shapes, including circles, triangles, rectangles, and squares as special rectangles.
Key skills: 2D shape identification, Geometric propertiesIdentify three-dimensional solids, including cylinders, cones, spheres, and cubes, in the real world.
Key skills: 3D solid identification, Real-world geometryIdentify two-dimensional components of three-dimensional objects.
Key skills: Shape components, Spatial reasoningIdentify attributes of two-dimensional shapes using informal and formal geometric language interchangeably.
Key skills: Shape attributes, Geometric languageClassify and sort a variety of regular and irregular two- and three-dimensional figures regardless of orientation or size.
Key skills: Sorting shapes, ClassificationCreate two-dimensional shapes using a variety of materials and drawings.
Key skills: Shape creation, Drawing shapesGive an example of a measurable attribute of a given object, including length, capacity, and weight.
Key skills: Measurable attributes, Attribute identificationCompare two objects with a common measurable attribute to see which object has more of/less of the attribute.
Key skills: Direct comparison, Measurement vocabularyCollect, sort, and organize data into two or three categories.
Key skills: Data collection, Sorting dataUse data to create real-object and picture graphs.
Key skills: Graph creation, PictographsDraw conclusions from real-object and picture graphs.
Key skills: Data interpretation, Drawing conclusionsIdentify ways to earn income.
Key skills: Earning income, Financial awarenessDifferentiate between money received as income and money received as gifts.
Key skills: Income vs. gifts, Financial categoriesList simple skills required for jobs.
Key skills: Job skills, Career awarenessDistinguish between wants and needs and identify income as a source to meet one's wants and needs.
Key skills: Wants vs. needs, Financial planningApply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.
Key skills: Real-world application, Problem solvingUse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing information, formulating a plan, determining a solution, and justifying the result.
Key skills: Problem-solving models, JustificationSelect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, and technology, and techniques to solve problems.
Key skills: Tool selection, Mental mathCommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations.
Key skills: Communication, Mathematical reasoningCreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Representations, OrganizationAnalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Relationship analysis, ConnectionsDisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language.
Key skills: Justification, Precise languageRecognize instantly the quantity of structured arrangements.
Key skills: Subitizing, Pattern recognitionUse concrete and pictorial models to compose and decompose numbers up to 120 as hundreds, tens, and ones.
Key skills: Place value, Composition/DecompositionUse objects, pictures, and expanded and standard forms to represent numbers up to 120.
Key skills: Number representation, Expanded formGenerate a number that is greater than or less than a given whole number up to 120.
Key skills: Number generation, Relative magnitudeUse place value to compare whole numbers up to 120 using comparative language.
Key skills: Comparison, Place valueOrder whole numbers up to 120 using place value and open number lines.
Key skills: Ordering numbers, Number linesRepresent the comparison of two numbers to 100 using the symbols >, <, or =.
Key skills: Comparison symbols, EqualityUse concrete and pictorial models to determine the sum of a multiple of 10 and a one-digit number up to 99.
Key skills: Addition, Place value modelsUse objects and pictorial models to solve word problems involving joining, separating, and comparing sets within 20.
Key skills: Word problems, Addition/SubtractionCompose 10 with two or more addends with and without concrete objects.
Key skills: Making ten, AddendsApply basic fact strategies to add and subtract within 20, including making 10 and decomposing numbers.
Key skills: Fact strategies, Mental mathExplain strategies used to solve addition and subtraction problems up to 20 using words, objects, and number sentences.
Key skills: Explanation, Problem solvingGenerate and solve problem situations when given a number sentence involving addition or subtraction within 20.
Key skills: Problem generation, Equation solvingIdentify U.S. coins, including pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters, by value and describe their relationships.
Key skills: Coin identification, Coin valuesWrite a number with the cent symbol to describe the value of a coin.
Key skills: Notation, Money valueUse relationships to count by twos, fives, and tens to determine the value of a collection of pennies, nickels, and/or dimes.
Key skills: Skip counting, Money calculationRecite numbers forward and backward from any given number between 1 and 120.
Key skills: Counting sequence, Forward/Backward countingSkip count by twos, fives, and tens to determine the total number of objects up to 120 in a set.
Key skills: Skip counting, Set cardinalityUse relationships to determine the number that is 10 more and 10 less than a given number up to 120.
Key skills: Mental math, Place value patternsRepresent word problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers up to 20 using models and number sentences.
Key skills: Modeling, Equation writingUnderstand that the equal sign represents a relationship where expressions on each side represent the same value.
Key skills: Equality, Algebraic meaningDetermine the unknown whole number in an addition or subtraction equation when the unknown is any term.
Key skills: Unknowns, Equation solvingApply properties of operations to add and subtract two or three numbers.
Key skills: Associative property, Commutative propertyClassify and sort regular and irregular two-dimensional shapes based on attributes using informal language.
Key skills: Classification, Shape attributesDistinguish between attributes that define a two-dimensional shape and attributes that do not define the shape.
Key skills: Defining attributes, Shape propertiesCreate two-dimensional figures, including circles, triangles, rectangles, squares, rhombuses, and hexagons.
Key skills: Shape creation, 2D figuresIdentify two-dimensional shapes and describe their attributes using formal geometric language.
Key skills: Shape identification, Geometric languageIdentify three-dimensional solids, including spheres, cones, cylinders, prisms, and cubes, and describe their attributes.
Key skills: 3D solids, Solid attributesCompose two-dimensional shapes by joining two, three, or four figures to produce a target shape.
Key skills: Composition, Spatial reasoningPartition two-dimensional figures into two and four fair shares and describe the parts using words.
Key skills: Partitioning, FractionsIdentify examples and non-examples of halves and fourths.
Key skills: Halves, FourthsUse measuring tools to measure the length of objects to the nearest whole unit.
Key skills: Measurement, Unit estimationIllustrate that the length of an object is the number of same-size units laid end-to-end with no gaps or overlaps.
Key skills: Length concepts, Unit iterationMeasure the same object using two different units and describe how and why the measurements differ.
Key skills: Comparative measurement, Unit sizeDescribe a length to the nearest whole unit using a number and a unit.
Key skills: Measurement description, PrecisionTell time to the hour and half hour using analog and digital clocks.
Key skills: Time telling, Analog/Digital clocksCollect, sort, and organize data in up to three categories using models such as tally marks or T-charts.
Key skills: Data collection, OrganizationUse data to create real-object and picture graphs.
Key skills: Graphing, Data representationDraw conclusions and generate and answer questions using information from picture and bar-type graphs.
Key skills: Data interpretation, AnalysisDefine money earned as income.
Key skills: Income definition, Financial literacyIdentify income as a means of obtaining goods and services, making choices between wants and needs.
Key skills: Wants vs. Needs, Economic choicesDistinguish between spending and saving.
Key skills: Spending, SavingConsider charitable giving.
Key skills: Charity, Financial responsibilityapply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace
Key skills: Real-world application, Problem solvinguse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan or strategy, determining a solution, justifying the solution, and evaluating the problem-solving process
Key skills: Problem-solving model, Solution evaluationselect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques, including mental math, estimation, and number sense as appropriate, to solve problems
Key skills: Tool selection, Mental mathcommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language as appropriate
Key skills: Mathematical communication, Multiple representationscreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas
Key skills: Representing data, Organizing ideasanalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas
Key skills: Relationship analysis, Connecting ideasdisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication
Key skills: Justification, Precise languageuse concrete and pictorial models to compose and decompose numbers up to 1,200 in more than one way as a sum of so many thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones
Key skills: Compose/decompose numbers, Place value modelsuse standard, word, and expanded forms to represent numbers up to 1,200
Key skills: Number forms, Representing numbersgenerate a number that is greater than or less than a given whole number up to 1,200
Key skills: Comparing numbers, Number generationuse place value to compare and order whole numbers up to 1,200 using comparative language, numbers, and symbols (>, <, or =)
Key skills: Ordering numbers, Comparison symbolslocate the position of a given whole number on an open number line
Key skills: Number line, Number positioningname the whole number that corresponds to a specific point on a number line
Key skills: Identifying numbers, Number linepartition objects into equal parts and name the parts, including halves, fourths, and eighths, using words
Key skills: Partitioning, Fractional namesexplain that the more fractional parts used to make a whole, the smaller the part; and the fewer the fractional parts, the larger the part
Key skills: Fraction size, Part-whole relationshipuse concrete models to count fractional parts beyond one whole using words and recognize how many parts it takes to equal one whole
Key skills: Counting fractions, Improper fractionsidentify examples and non-examples of halves, fourths, and eighths
Key skills: Identifying fractions, Fraction examplesrecall basic facts to add and subtract within 20 with automaticity
Key skills: Fact fluency, Addition/Subtractionadd up to four two-digit numbers and subtract two-digit numbers using mental strategies and algorithms based on knowledge of place value and properties of operations
Key skills: Multi-digit addition, Mental strategiessolve one-step and multi-step word problems involving addition and subtraction within 1,000 using a variety of strategies based on place value, including algorithms
Key skills: Word problems, Addition/Subtraction within 1,000generate and solve problem situations for a given mathematical number sentence involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers within 1,000
Key skills: Problem generation, Solving equationsdetermine the value of a collection of coins up to one dollar
Key skills: Counting coins, Money valueuse the cent symbol, dollar sign, and the decimal point to name the value of a collection of coins
Key skills: Money notation, Naming valuesmodel, create, and describe contextual multiplication situations in which equivalent sets of concrete objects are joined
Key skills: Multiplication foundations, Equal groupsmodel, create, and describe contextual division situations in which a set of concrete objects is separated into equivalent sets
Key skills: Division foundations, Equal sharingdetermine whether a number up to 40 is even or odd using pairings of objects to represent the number
Key skills: Even and odd, Pairing objectsuse an understanding of place value to determine the number that is 10 or 100 more or less than a given number up to 1,200
Key skills: Mental math, Place value patternsrepresent and solve addition and subtraction word problems where unknowns may be any one of the terms in the problem
Key skills: Unknown terms, Word problemscreate two-dimensional shapes based on given attributes, including number of sides and vertices
Key skills: Creating shapes, Shape attributesclassify and sort three-dimensional solids, including spheres, cones, cylinders, rectangular prisms (including cubes), and triangular prisms, based on attributes
Key skills: Classifying solids, Geometric languageclassify and sort polygons with 12 or fewer sides according to attributes, including identifying the number of sides and number of vertices
Key skills: Sorting polygons, Identifying verticescompose two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids with given properties or attributes
Key skills: Composing shapes, Geometric propertiesdecompose two-dimensional shapes such as cutting a square into two congruent triangles and identify the resulting geometric parts
Key skills: Decomposing shapes, Identifying partsfind the length of objects using concrete models for standard units of length
Key skills: Measuring length, Concrete modelsdescribe the inverse relationship between the size of the unit and the number of units needed to equal the length of an object
Key skills: Inverse relationship, Unit sizerepresent whole numbers as distances from any given location on a number line
Key skills: Number line, Distance representationdetermine the length of an object to the nearest marked unit using rulers, yardsticks, meter sticks, or measuring tapes
Key skills: Using tools, Measuring lengthdetermine a solution to a problem involving length, including estimating lengths
Key skills: Problem solving, Estimationuse concrete models of square units to find the area of a rectangle by covering it with no gaps or overlaps
Key skills: Area measurement, Square unitsread and write time to the nearest one-minute increment using analog and digital clocks and distinguish between a.m. and p.m.
Key skills: Telling time, A.M./P.M.explain that the length of a bar in a bar graph or the number of pictures in a pictograph represents the number of data points for a given category
Key skills: Graph interpretation, Data representationorganize a collection of data with up to four categories using tally marks or T-charts
Key skills: Organizing data, Tally markswrite and solve one-step word problems involving addition or subtraction using data represented within pictographs and bar graphs with intervals of one
Key skills: Word problems, Graph datadraw conclusions and make predictions from information in a graph
Key skills: Drawing conclusions, Predictionscalculate how money saved can accumulate into a larger amount over time
Key skills: Saving money, Accumulationexplain that saving is an alternative to spending
Key skills: Saving vs. Spending, Financial choicesdistinguish between a deposit and a withdrawal
Key skills: Banking terms, Deposit/Withdrawalidentify examples of borrowing and distinguish between responsible and irresponsible borrowing
Key skills: Borrowing, Financial responsibilityidentify examples of lending and use concepts of benefits and costs to evaluate lending decisions
Key skills: Lending, Cost-benefit analysisdifferentiate between producers and consumers and calculate the cost to produce a simple item
Key skills: Producers/Consumers, Production costApply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.
Key skills: Real-world application, Problem solvingUse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing information, formulating a plan, determining a solution, and evaluating the process.
Key skills: Problem-solving models, Critical thinkingSelect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology, and techniques to solve problems.
Key skills: Tool selection, Mental mathCommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, and graphs.
Key skills: Communication, Multiple representationsCreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Modeling, Data organizationAnalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Relationship analysis, ConnectionsDisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
Key skills: Justification, Mathematical languageCompose and decompose numbers up to 100,000 as a sum of ten thousands, thousands, hundreds, tens, and ones using objects and expanded notation.
Key skills: Place value, Expanded notationDescribe the mathematical relationships found in the base-10 place value system through the hundred thousands place.
Key skills: Base-10 system, Place value relationshipsRepresent a number on a number line between two consecutive multiples of 10; 100; 1,000; or 10,000 and use words to round whole numbers.
Key skills: Number lines, RoundingCompare and order whole numbers up to 100,000 and represent comparisons using the symbols >, <, or =.
Key skills: Comparing numbers, Ordering numbersRepresent fractions greater than zero and less than or equal to one with denominators of 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 using concrete objects and pictorial models.
Key skills: Fraction representation, Visual modelsDetermine the corresponding fraction with denominators of 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 given a specified point on a number line.
Key skills: Fractions on number lines, IdentificationExplain that the unit fraction 1/b represents the quantity formed by one part of a whole partitioned into b equal parts.
Key skills: Unit fractions, Conceptual understandingCompose and decompose a fraction a/b with a numerator greater than zero and less than or equal to b as a sum of parts 1/b.
Key skills: Composing fractions, Decomposing fractionsSolve problems involving partitioning an object or a set of objects among two or more recipients using pictorial representations of fractions.
Key skills: Partitioning, Fraction word problemsRepresent equivalent fractions with denominators of 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 using a variety of objects and pictorial models, including number lines.
Key skills: Equivalent fractions, Visual modelsExplain that two fractions are equivalent if they are represented by the same point on a number line or same portion of a same size whole.
Key skills: Equivalence, Conceptual reasoningCompare two fractions having the same numerator or denominator by reasoning about their sizes and justifying the conclusion.
Key skills: Comparing fractions, JustificationSolve with fluency one-step and two-step problems involving addition and subtraction within 1,000 using various strategies.
Key skills: Addition, SubtractionRound to the nearest 10 or 100 or use compatible numbers to estimate solutions to addition and subtraction problems.
Key skills: Estimation, RoundingDetermine the value of a collection of coins and bills.
Key skills: Money value, Counting currencyDetermine the total number of objects when equally-sized groups of objects are combined or arranged in arrays up to 10 by 10.
Key skills: Equal groups, ArraysRepresent multiplication facts using approaches such as repeated addition, equal-sized groups, arrays, area models, and equal jumps on a number line.
Key skills: Multiplication models, Skip countingRecall facts to multiply up to 10 by 10 with automaticity and recall the corresponding division facts.
Key skills: Multiplication facts, Division factsUse strategies and algorithms, including the standard algorithm, to multiply a two-digit number by a one-digit number.
Key skills: Multiplication algorithms, Partial productsDetermine the number of objects in each group when a set of objects is partitioned into equal shares or shared equally.
Key skills: Division concepts, Equal sharingDetermine if a number is even or odd using divisibility rules.
Key skills: Even and odd, DivisibilityDetermine a quotient using the relationship between multiplication and division.
Key skills: Inverse operations, QuotientsSolve one-step and two-step problems involving multiplication and division within 100 using strategies based on objects and pictorial models.
Key skills: Multiplication problems, Division problemsRepresent one-step and two-step problems involving addition and subtraction of whole numbers to 1,000 using pictorial models and equations.
Key skills: Equation modeling, Pictorial modelsRepresent and solve one-step and two-step multiplication and division problems within 100 using arrays, strip diagrams, and equations.
Key skills: Strip diagrams, Solving equationsDescribe a multiplication expression as a comparison such as 3 x 24 represents 3 times as much as 24.
Key skills: Multiplicative comparison, Verbal descriptionsDetermine the unknown whole number in a multiplication or division equation relating three whole numbers.
Key skills: Missing factors, Unknown productsRepresent real-world relationships using number pairs in a table and verbal descriptions.
Key skills: Input-output tables, Relationship patternsClassify and sort two- and three-dimensional figures based on attributes using formal geometric language.
Key skills: Geometric classification, Shape attributesUse attributes to recognize rhombuses, parallelograms, trapezoids, rectangles, and squares as examples of quadrilaterals.
Key skills: Quadrilaterals, Attribute recognitionDetermine the area of rectangles with whole number side lengths using multiplication related to rows and unit squares.
Key skills: Area calculation, Unit squaresDecompose composite figures formed by rectangles into non-overlapping rectangles to determine the area using the additive property.
Key skills: Composite area, DecompositionDecompose two-dimensional shapes to determine if the new shapes have the same area.
Key skills: Area conservation, Shape decompositionRepresent fractions of halves, fourths, and eighths as distances from zero on a number line.
Key skills: Fractions as distance, Number linesDetermine the perimeter of a polygon or a missing length when given perimeter and remaining side lengths.
Key skills: Perimeter, Missing side lengthsDetermine the solutions to problems involving addition and subtraction of time intervals in minutes using pictorial models or tools.
Key skills: Elapsed time, Time intervalsDetermine when it is appropriate to use measurements of liquid volume (capacity) or weight.
Key skills: Measurement selection, Capacity vs weightDetermine liquid volume (capacity) or weight using appropriate units and tools.
Key skills: Measuring capacity, Measuring weightSummarize a data set with multiple categories using a frequency table, dot plot, pictograph, or bar graph with scaled intervals.
Key skills: Data summarization, GraphingSolve one- and two-step problems using categorical data represented with a frequency table, dot plot, pictograph, or bar graph.
Key skills: Data interpretation, Problem solvingExplain the connection between human capital/labor and income.
Key skills: Income, Human capitalDescribe the relationship between the availability or scarcity of resources and how that impacts cost.
Key skills: Scarcity, Supply and demandIdentify the costs and benefits of planned and unplanned spending decisions.
Key skills: Spending decisions, Cost-benefit analysisExplain that credit is used when wants or needs exceed the ability to pay and it is the borrower's responsibility to pay it back.
Key skills: Credit, BorrowingList reasons to save and explain the benefit of a savings plan, including for college.
Key skills: Saving, Financial planningIdentify decisions involving income, spending, saving, credit, and charitable giving.
Key skills: Financial decisions, Charitable givingapply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace
Key skills: real-world application, problem solvinguse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing information, formulating a plan, determining a solution, and justifying the process
Key skills: problem-solving model, solution justificationselect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology, and techniques to solve problems
Key skills: tool selection, mental mathcommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, and graphs
Key skills: mathematical communication, multiple representationscreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas
Key skills: organizing data, recording ideasanalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas
Key skills: connecting ideas, analyzing relationshipsdisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication
Key skills: precise language, justifying argumentsinterpret the value of each place-value position as 10 times the position to the right and as one-tenth of the value to its left
Key skills: place value relationships, base-ten systemrepresent the value of the digit in whole numbers through 1,000,000,000 and decimals to the hundredths using expanded notation and numerals
Key skills: expanded notation, large numberscompare and order whole numbers to 1,000,000,000 and represent comparisons using the symbols >, <, or =
Key skills: comparing numbers, ordering numbersround whole numbers to a given place value through the hundred thousands place
Key skills: rounding numbers, place valuerepresent decimals, including tenths and hundredths, using concrete and visual models and money
Key skills: decimal representation, money modelscompare and order decimals using concrete and visual models to the hundredths
Key skills: comparing decimals, ordering decimalsrelate decimals to fractions that name tenths and hundredths
Key skills: decimal-fraction relationships, tenths and hundredthsdetermine the corresponding decimal to the tenths or hundredths place of a specified point on a number line
Key skills: decimals on number lines, point identificationrepresent a fraction a/b as a sum of fractions 1/b, where a and b are whole numbers and b > 0, including when a > b
Key skills: unit fractions, fraction sumsdecompose a fraction in more than one way into a sum of fractions with the same denominator using concrete and pictorial models
Key skills: fraction decomposition, pictorial modelsdetermine if two given fractions are equivalent using a variety of methods
Key skills: equivalent fractions, fraction modelscompare two fractions with different numerators and different denominators and represent the comparison using the symbols >, <, or =
Key skills: fraction comparison, unequal denominatorsrepresent and solve addition and subtraction of fractions with equal denominators using objects and pictorial models
Key skills: fraction addition, fraction subtractionevaluate the reasonableness of sums and differences of fractions using benchmark fractions 0, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, and 1
Key skills: benchmark fractions, reasonablenessrepresent fractions and decimals to the tenths or hundredths as distances from zero on a number line
Key skills: fractions on number lines, decimals on number linesadd and subtract whole numbers and decimals to the hundredths place using the standard algorithm
Key skills: multi-digit addition, multi-digit subtractiondetermine products of a number and 10 or 100 using properties of operations and place value understandings
Key skills: multiplying by 10/100, place value patternsrepresent the product of 2 two-digit numbers using arrays, area models, or equations, including perfect squares through 15 by 15
Key skills: area models, perfect squaresuse strategies and algorithms, including the standard algorithm, to multiply up to a four-digit number by a one-digit number and two-digit by two-digit
Key skills: multi-digit multiplication, standard algorithmrepresent the quotient of up to a four-digit whole number divided by a one-digit whole number using arrays, area models, or equations
Key skills: division representation, area modelsuse strategies and algorithms, including the standard algorithm, to divide up to a four-digit dividend by a one-digit divisor
Key skills: multi-digit division, standard algorithmround to the nearest 10, 100, or 1,000 or use compatible numbers to estimate solutions involving whole numbers
Key skills: estimation, compatible numberssolve with fluency one- and two-step problems involving multiplication and division, including interpreting remainders
Key skills: multi-step problems, interpreting remaindersrepresent multi-step problems involving the four operations with whole numbers using strip diagrams and equations with a letter for the unknown
Key skills: strip diagrams, algebraic equationsrepresent problems using an input-output table and numerical expressions to generate a number pattern that follows a given rule
Key skills: input-output tables, number patternsuse models to determine the formulas for the perimeter of a rectangle, including the perimeter of a square and the area of a rectangle
Key skills: perimeter formulas, area formulassolve problems related to perimeter and area of rectangles where dimensions are whole numbers
Key skills: solving area, solving perimeteridentify points, lines, line segments, rays, angles, and perpendicular and parallel lines
Key skills: geometric terms, identifying lines/anglesidentify and draw one or more lines of symmetry, if they exist, for a two-dimensional figure
Key skills: lines of symmetry, drawing symmetryapply knowledge of right angles to identify acute, right, and obtuse triangles
Key skills: triangle classification, right anglesclassify two-dimensional figures based on the presence or absence of parallel or perpendicular lines or angles of a specified size
Key skills: shape classification, parallel/perpendicular linesillustrate the measure of an angle as the part of a circle whose center is at the vertex of the angle that is 'cut out' by the rays
Key skills: angle measurement, circle vertexillustrate degrees as the units used to measure an angle, where 1/360 of any circle is one degree
Key skills: degrees, circle unitsdetermine the approximate measures of angles in degrees to the nearest whole number using a protractor
Key skills: using protractors, measuring anglesdraw an angle with a given measure
Key skills: drawing angles, angle constructiondetermine the measure of an unknown angle formed by two non-overlapping adjacent angles given one or both angle measures
Key skills: adjacent angles, unknown angle measuresidentify relative sizes of measurement units within the customary and metric systems
Key skills: measurement units, relative sizesconvert measurements within the same system from a larger unit into a smaller unit when given other equivalent measures in a table
Key skills: unit conversion, measurement tablessolve problems that deal with measurements of length, intervals of time, liquid volumes, mass, and money using the four operations
Key skills: measurement problems, time/volume/massrepresent data on a frequency table, dot plot, or stem-and-leaf plot marked with whole numbers and fractions
Key skills: frequency tables, dot plotssolve one- and two-step problems using data in whole number, decimal, and fraction form in a frequency table, dot plot, or stem-and-leaf plot
Key skills: data problem solving, interpreting plotsdistinguish between fixed and variable expenses
Key skills: fixed expenses, variable expensescalculate profit in a given situation
Key skills: calculating profit, business mathcompare the advantages and disadvantages of various savings options
Key skills: savings options, financial planningdescribe how to allocate a weekly allowance among spending; saving, including for college; and sharing
Key skills: allowance allocation, spending/saving/sharingdescribe the basic purpose of financial institutions, including keeping money safe, borrowing money, and lending
Key skills: financial institutions, banking purposesapply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace
Key skills: real-world application, problem solvinguse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing information, formulating a plan, determining a solution, and justifying the solution
Key skills: problem-solving model, justificationselect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology as appropriate, and techniques to solve problems
Key skills: tool selection, mental mathcommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, and graphs
Key skills: communication, mathematical reasoningcreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas
Key skills: representation, organizationanalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas
Key skills: analysis, connectionsdisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language
Key skills: justification, precise languagerepresent the value of the digit in decimals through the thousandths using expanded notation and numerals
Key skills: place value, expanded notationcompare and order two decimals to thousandths and represent comparisons using the symbols >, <, or =
Key skills: compare decimals, order decimalsround decimals to tenths or hundredths
Key skills: rounding, decimalsestimate to determine solutions to mathematical and real-world problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division
Key skills: estimation, problem solvingmultiply with fluency a three-digit number by a two-digit number using the standard algorithm
Key skills: multiplication, standard algorithmsolve with proficiency for quotients of up to a four-digit dividend by a two-digit divisor using strategies and the standard algorithm
Key skills: division, standard algorithmrepresent multiplication of decimals with products to the hundredths using objects and pictorial models, including area models
Key skills: decimal multiplication, visual modelssolve for products of decimals to the hundredths, including situations involving money, using strategies based on place-value and properties
Key skills: decimal multiplication, money mathrepresent quotients of decimals to the hundredths, up to four-digit dividends and two-digit whole number divisors, using objects and models
Key skills: decimal division, visual modelssolve for quotients of decimals to the hundredths, up to four-digit dividends and two-digit whole number divisors, using strategies and algorithms
Key skills: decimal division, standard algorithmrepresent and solve addition and subtraction of fractions with unequal denominators using objects and pictorial models
Key skills: fraction addition, fraction subtractionrepresent and solve multiplication of a whole number and a fraction that refers to the same whole using objects and pictorial models
Key skills: fraction multiplication, visual modelsrepresent division of a unit fraction by a whole number and a whole number by a unit fraction using objects and pictorial models
Key skills: fraction division, visual modelsadd and subtract positive rational numbers fluently
Key skills: rational numbers, fluencydivide whole numbers by unit fractions and unit fractions by whole numbers
Key skills: fraction division, whole numbersidentify prime and composite numbers
Key skills: prime numbers, composite numbersrepresent and solve multi-step problems involving the four operations with whole numbers using equations with a letter for the unknown
Key skills: multi-step problems, equationsgenerate a numerical pattern when given a rule in the form y = ax or y = x + a and graph
Key skills: numerical patterns, graphingrecognize the difference between additive and multiplicative numerical patterns given in a table or graph
Key skills: pattern recognition, additive vs multiplicativedescribe the meaning of parentheses and brackets in a numeric expression
Key skills: order of operations, grouping symbolssimplify numerical expressions that do not involve exponents, including up to two levels of grouping
Key skills: simplify expressions, order of operationsuse concrete objects and pictorial models to develop the formulas for the volume of a rectangular prism
Key skills: volume formulas, visual modelsrepresent and solve problems related to perimeter and/or area and related to volume
Key skills: perimeter and area, volume problemsclassify two-dimensional figures in a hierarchy of sets and subsets using graphic organizers based on their attributes and properties
Key skills: classify shapes, hierarchyrecognize a cube with side length of one unit as a unit cube and the volume of a figure as the number of unit cubes needed to fill it
Key skills: unit cubes, volume conceptdetermine the volume of a rectangular prism with whole number side lengths in problems related to layers and unit cubes
Key skills: calculate volume, rectangular prismssolve problems by calculating conversions within a measurement system, customary or metric
Key skills: measurement conversion, customary and metricdescribe the key attributes of the coordinate plane, including axes, origin, and the meaning of x and y coordinates
Key skills: coordinate plane, ordered pairsdescribe the process for graphing ordered pairs of numbers in the first quadrant of the coordinate plane
Key skills: graphing, first quadrantgraph in the first quadrant of the coordinate plane ordered pairs arising from mathematical and real-world problems
Key skills: graphing, data representationrepresent categorical data with bar graphs or frequency tables and numerical data with dot plots or stem-and-leaf plots
Key skills: data representation, graphsrepresent discrete paired data on a scatterplot
Key skills: scatterplots, paired datasolve one- and two-step problems using data from a frequency table, dot plot, bar graph, stem-and-leaf plot, or scatterplot
Key skills: data interpretation, problem solvingdefine income tax, payroll tax, sales tax, and property tax
Key skills: tax types, financial definitionsexplain the difference between gross income and net income
Key skills: gross vs net income, financial literacyidentify the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of payment, including check, credit card, and debit card
Key skills: payment methods, financial choicesdevelop a system for keeping and using financial records
Key skills: financial records, organizationdescribe actions that might be taken to balance a budget when expenses exceed income
Key skills: budgeting, financial planningbalance a simple budget
Key skills: balancing budgets, financial managementApply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.
Key skills: Real-world application, Problem solvingUse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing given information, formulating a plan, determining a solution, and justifying the solution.
Key skills: Problem-solving models, Logical reasoningSelect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology, and techniques to solve problems.
Key skills: Tool selection, Mental mathCommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language.
Key skills: Mathematical communication, Multiple representationsCreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Data representation, OrganizationAnalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Relationship analysis, Connection makingDisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
Key skills: Justification, Precise languageClassify whole numbers, integers, and rational numbers using a visual representation such as a Venn diagram to describe relationships.
Key skills: Number classification, Venn diagramsIdentify a number, its opposite, and its absolute value.
Key skills: Absolute value, Opposite numbersLocate, compare, and order integers and rational numbers using a number line.
Key skills: Number lines, Comparing numbersOrder a set of rational numbers arising from mathematical and real-world contexts.
Key skills: Ordering numbers, Rational numbersExtend representations for division to include fraction notation such as a/b represents the same number as a ÷ b where b ≠ 0.
Key skills: Fraction notation, Division conceptsRecognize that dividing by a rational number and multiplying by its reciprocal result in equivalent values.
Key skills: Reciprocals, Division equivalenceDetermine, with and without computation, whether a quantity is increased or decreased when multiplied by a fraction.
Key skills: Fraction multiplication, EstimationRepresent integer operations with concrete models and connect the actions with the models to standardized algorithms.
Key skills: Integer models, Algorithmic connectionAdd, subtract, multiply, and divide integers fluently.
Key skills: Integer arithmetic, Computational fluencyMultiply and divide positive rational numbers fluently.
Key skills: Rational number arithmetic, FluencyCompare two rules verbally, numerically, graphically, and symbolically to differentiate between additive and multiplicative relationships.
Key skills: Additive vs multiplicative, Rule comparisonApply qualitative and quantitative reasoning to solve prediction and comparison real-world problems involving ratios and rates.
Key skills: Ratio reasoning, Rate predictionGive examples of ratios as multiplicative comparisons of two quantities describing the same attribute.
Key skills: Ratio examples, Multiplicative comparisonGive examples of rates as the comparison by division of two quantities having different attributes, including rates as quotients.
Key skills: Rate examples, Unit ratesRepresent ratios and percents with concrete models, fractions, and decimals.
Key skills: Ratio representation, Percent modelsRepresent benchmark fractions and percents such as 1%, 10%, 25%, 33 1/3%, and 50% and their multiples.
Key skills: Benchmark fractions, Percent multiplesGenerate equivalent forms of fractions, decimals, and percents using real-world problems, including problems that involve money.
Key skills: Equivalent forms, Financial contextConvert units within a measurement system, including the use of proportions and unit rates.
Key skills: Unit conversion, ProportionsRepresent mathematical and real-world problems involving ratios and rates using scale factors, tables, graphs, and proportions.
Key skills: Scale factors, Proportional tablesSolve real-world problems to find the whole given a part and the percent, to find the part given the whole and the percent, and to find the percent.
Key skills: Percent problems, Part-whole relationshipsUse equivalent fractions, decimals, and percents to show that a share of a whole is a subset of the whole.
Key skills: Subsets of wholes, EquivalenceIdentify independent and dependent quantities from tables and graphs.
Key skills: Variable identification, Independent vs dependentWrite an equation that represents the relationship between independent and dependent quantities from a table.
Key skills: Equation writing, Table analysisRepresent a given situation using verbal descriptions, tables, graphs, and equations in the form y = kx or y = x + b.
Key skills: Multiple representations, Linear equationsGenerate equivalent numerical expressions using order of operations, including whole number exponents and prime factorization.
Key skills: Order of operations, Prime factorizationDistinguish between expressions and equations.
Key skills: Expression vs equation, Algebraic vocabularyDetermine if two expressions are equivalent using concrete models, pictorial models, and algebraic representations.
Key skills: Equivalent expressions, Algebraic modelingGenerate equivalent expressions using the properties of operations: inverse, identity, commutative, associative, and distributive properties.
Key skills: Properties of operations, Expression generationExtend knowledge of triangles to include the sum of angles, side-angle relationships, and determining when three lengths form a triangle.
Key skills: Triangle properties, Angle sumsModel area formulas for parallelograms, trapezoids, and triangles by decomposing and rearranging parts of these shapes.
Key skills: Area modeling, DecompositionWrite equations that represent problems related to the area of rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and triangles and volume of prisms.
Key skills: Geometric equations, Area and volumeDetermine solutions for problems involving the area of rectangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, and triangles and volume of prisms.
Key skills: Geometric problem solving, Area and volumeWrite one-variable, one-step equations and inequalities to represent constraints or conditions within problems.
Key skills: Writing equations, Inequality constraintsRepresent solutions for one-variable, one-step equations and inequalities on number lines.
Key skills: Solution representation, Number linesWrite corresponding real-world problems given one-variable, one-step equations or inequalities.
Key skills: Contextualizing algebra, Problem creationModel and solve one-variable, one-step equations and inequalities that represent problems, including geometric concepts.
Key skills: Solving equations, Algebraic modelingDetermine if the given value(s) make(s) one-variable, one-step equations or inequalities true.
Key skills: Solution verification, SubstitutionGraph points in all four quadrants using ordered pairs of rational numbers.
Key skills: Coordinate graphing, Four quadrantsRepresent numeric data graphically, including dot plots, stem-and-leaf plots, histograms, and box plots.
Key skills: Data visualization, Statistical plotsUse the graphical representation of numeric data to describe the center, spread, and shape of the data distribution.
Key skills: Data description, Distribution analysisSummarize numeric data with numerical summaries, including mean, median, range, and interquartile range (IQR).
Key skills: Statistical summaries, Measures of center/spreadSummarize categorical data with numerical and graphical summaries, including mode, relative frequency tables, and percent bar graphs.
Key skills: Categorical data, Frequency analysisInterpret numeric data summarized in dot plots, stem-and-leaf plots, histograms, and box plots.
Key skills: Data interpretation, Statistical analysisDistinguish between situations that yield data with and without variability.
Key skills: Variability, Statistical questionsCompare the features and costs of a checking account and a debit card offered by different local financial institutions.
Key skills: Financial comparison, Banking featuresDistinguish between debit cards and credit cards.
Key skills: Payment methods, Debit vs creditBalance a check register that includes deposits, withdrawals, and transfers.
Key skills: Checkbook balancing, Financial trackingExplain why it is important to establish a positive credit history.
Key skills: Credit history, Financial responsibilityDescribe the information in a credit report and how long it is retained.
Key skills: Credit reports, Data retentionDescribe the value of credit reports to borrowers and to lenders.
Key skills: Credit value, Lending conceptsExplain various methods to pay for college, including through savings, grants, scholarships, student loans, and work-study.
Key skills: College funding, Financial planningCompare the annual salary of several occupations requiring various levels of post-secondary education and calculate effects on lifetime income.
Key skills: Career earnings, Lifetime incomeApply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.
Key skills: Real-world application, Problem solvingUse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing information, formulating a plan, determining a solution, and evaluating the process.
Key skills: Problem-solving models, Solution evaluationSelect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology, and techniques to solve problems.
Key skills: Tool selection, Mental mathCommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, and graphs.
Key skills: Mathematical communication, RepresentationsCreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Data organization, CommunicationAnalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Relationship analysis, ConnectionsDisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
Key skills: Justification, Mathematical languageExtend previous knowledge of sets and subsets using a visual representation to describe relationships between sets of rational numbers.
Key skills: Rational numbers, Sets and subsetsAdd, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers fluently.
Key skills: Rational number operations, FluencyApply and extend previous understandings of operations to solve problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of rational numbers.
Key skills: Problem solving, Rational numbersRepresent constant rates of change in mathematical and real-world problems given pictorial, tabular, verbal, numeric, graphical, and algebraic representations.
Key skills: Constant rate of change, Multiple representationsCalculate unit rates from rates in mathematical and real-world problems.
Key skills: Unit rates, Rate calculationDetermine the constant of proportionality (k = y/x) within mathematical and real-world problems.
Key skills: Constant of proportionality, RatiosSolve problems involving ratios, rates, and percents, including multi-step problems involving percent increase and decrease.
Key skills: Percent problems, Ratios and ratesConvert between measurement systems, including the use of proportions and the use of unit rates.
Key skills: Measurement conversion, ProportionsGeneralize the critical attributes of similarity, including ratios within and between similar shapes.
Key skills: Similarity, Geometric ratiosDescribe pi as the ratio of the circumference of a circle to its diameter.
Key skills: Pi, Circle propertiesSolve mathematical and real-world problems involving similar shape and scale drawings.
Key skills: Scale drawings, Similar shapesRepresent sample spaces for simple and compound events using lists and tree diagrams.
Key skills: Sample spaces, ProbabilitySelect and use different simulations to represent simple and compound events with and without technology.
Key skills: Simulations, ProbabilityMake predictions and determine solutions using experimental data for simple and compound events.
Key skills: Experimental probability, PredictionsMake predictions and determine solutions using theoretical probability for simple and compound events.
Key skills: Theoretical probability, PredictionsFind the probabilities of a simple event and its complement and describe the relationship between the two.
Key skills: Complementary events, ProbabilityUse data from a random sample to make inferences about a population.
Key skills: Inferences, SamplingSolve problems using data represented in bar graphs, dot plots, and circle graphs, including part-to-whole and part-to-part comparisons.
Key skills: Data analysis, Graph interpretationSolve problems using qualitative and quantitative predictions and comparisons from simple experiments.
Key skills: Predictions, ExperimentsDetermine experimental and theoretical probabilities related to simple and compound events using data and sample spaces.
Key skills: Probability, Data analysisRepresent linear relationships using verbal descriptions, tables, graphs, and equations that simplify to the form y = mx + b.
Key skills: Linear relationships, Slope-intercept formModel the relationship between the volume of a rectangular prism and a rectangular pyramid with congruent bases and heights.
Key skills: Volume models, Prisms and pyramidsExplain the relationship between the volume of a triangular prism and a triangular pyramid with congruent bases and heights.
Key skills: Volume relationships, Geometric reasoningUse models to determine the approximate formulas for the circumference and area of a circle.
Key skills: Circle formulas, ModelingSolve problems involving the volume of rectangular prisms, triangular prisms, rectangular pyramids, and triangular pyramids.
Key skills: Volume calculation, 3D geometryDetermine the circumference and area of circles.
Key skills: Circumference, Area of circlesDetermine the area of composite figures containing combinations of rectangles, squares, parallelograms, trapezoids, triangles, and circles.
Key skills: Composite area, 2D geometrySolve problems involving the lateral and total surface area of prisms and pyramids by determining the area of the shape's net.
Key skills: Surface area, NetsWrite one-variable, two-step equations and inequalities to represent constraints or conditions within problems.
Key skills: Writing equations, InequalitiesRepresent solutions for one-variable, two-step equations and inequalities on number lines.
Key skills: Number lines, Solution setsWrite a corresponding real-world problem given a one-variable, two-step equation or inequality.
Key skills: Contextualizing math, Problem creationModel and solve one-variable, two-step equations and inequalities.
Key skills: Solving equations, InequalitiesDetermine if the given value(s) make(s) one-variable, two-step equations and inequalities true.
Key skills: Verification, SubstitutionWrite and solve equations using geometry concepts, including the sum of the angles in a triangle and angle relationships.
Key skills: Geometric equations, Angle relationshipsCompare two groups of numeric data using comparative dot plots or box plots by comparing their shapes, centers, and spreads.
Key skills: Data comparison, Statistical measuresUse data from a random sample to make inferences about a population.
Key skills: Inferences, Random samplingCompare two populations based on data in random samples, including the use of measures of central tendency and variability.
Key skills: Population comparison, Central tendencyCalculate the sales tax for a given purchase and income tax for a given income.
Key skills: Tax calculation, Financial mathIdentify components of a personal budget and calculate what percentage each category comprises of the total budget.
Key skills: Budgeting, PercentagesCreate and organize a financial assets and liabilities record and construct a net worth statement.
Key skills: Net worth, Assets and liabilitiesUse a family budget estimator to determine the minimum household budget and average hourly wage needed for basic needs.
Key skills: Budget estimation, Wage calculationCalculate and compare simple interest and compound interest earnings.
Key skills: Simple interest, Compound interestAnalyze and compare monetary incentives, including sales, rebates, and coupons.
Key skills: Incentive analysis, Consumer mathApply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.
Key skills: Real-world application, Problem solvingUse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing information, formulating a plan, determining a solution, and evaluating the process.
Key skills: Problem-solving models, Critical thinkingSelect tools, including real objects, manipulatives, paper and pencil, and technology, and techniques to solve problems.
Key skills: Tool selection, Computational techniquesCommunicate mathematical ideas, reasoning, and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, graphs, and language.
Key skills: Mathematical communication, Multiple representationsCreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Data organization, RepresentationAnalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Relationship analysis, Connection makingDisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language in written or oral communication.
Key skills: Justification, Precise languageExtend previous knowledge of sets and subsets using a visual representation to describe relationships between sets of real numbers.
Key skills: Real number sets, Visual classificationApproximate the value of an irrational number, including π and square roots of numbers less than 225, and locate it on a number line.
Key skills: Irrational numbers, EstimationConvert between standard decimal notation and scientific notation.
Key skills: Scientific notation, Decimal conversionOrder a set of real numbers arising from mathematical and real-world contexts.
Key skills: Ordering numbers, Real-world dataGeneralize that the ratio of corresponding sides of similar shapes are proportional, including a shape and its dilation.
Key skills: Similarity, Proportional ratiosCompare and contrast the attributes of a shape and its dilation(s) on a coordinate plane.
Key skills: Dilations, Coordinate geometryUse an algebraic representation to explain the effect of a given positive rational scale factor applied to 2D figures on a coordinate plane.
Key skills: Scale factors, Algebraic representationUse similar right triangles to develop an understanding that slope, m, is the same for any two points on the same line.
Key skills: Slope, Similar trianglesGraph proportional relationships, interpreting the unit rate as the slope of the line that models the relationship.
Key skills: Graphing, Unit rateUse data from a table or graph to determine the rate of change or slope and y-intercept in mathematical and real-world problems.
Key skills: Rate of change, Y-interceptRepresent linear proportional situations with tables, graphs, and equations in the form y = kx.
Key skills: Linear modeling, Direct variationRepresent linear non-proportional situations with tables, graphs, and equations in the form y = mx + b, where b ≠ 0.
Key skills: Linear modeling, Slope-intercept formContrast bivariate sets of data that suggest a linear relationship with those that do not from a graphical representation.
Key skills: Bivariate data, LinearityUse a trend line that approximates the linear relationship between bivariate data to make predictions.
Key skills: Trend lines, PredictionSolve problems involving direct variation.
Key skills: Direct variation, Problem solvingDistinguish between proportional and non-proportional situations using tables, graphs, and equations in the form y = kx or y = mx + b.
Key skills: Proportionality, Function identificationIdentify functions using sets of ordered pairs, tables, mappings, and graphs.
Key skills: Function identification, MappingsIdentify examples of proportional and non-proportional functions that arise from mathematical and real-world problems.
Key skills: Real-world functions, ClassificationWrite an equation in the form y = mx + b to model a linear relationship using verbal, numerical, tabular, and graphical representations.
Key skills: Equation writing, Linear modelingDescribe the volume formula V = Bh of a cylinder in terms of its base area and its height.
Key skills: Volume formulas, CylindersModel the relationship between the volume of a cylinder and a cone having congruent bases and heights.
Key skills: Volume relationships, Geometric modelingUse models and diagrams to explain the Pythagorean theorem.
Key skills: Pythagorean theorem, Geometric proofSolve problems involving the volume of cylinders, cones, and spheres.
Key skills: Volume calculation, 3D geometryDetermine solutions for problems involving lateral and total surface area of rectangular prisms, triangular prisms, and cylinders.
Key skills: Surface area, Prisms and cylindersUse the Pythagorean theorem and its converse to solve problems.
Key skills: Pythagorean theorem, Right trianglesDetermine the distance between two points on a coordinate plane using the Pythagorean theorem.
Key skills: Distance formula, Coordinate geometryWrite one-variable equations or inequalities with variables on both sides that represent problems using rational coefficients and constants.
Key skills: Equation writing, InequalitiesWrite a corresponding real-world problem when given a one-variable equation or inequality with variables on both sides.
Key skills: Contextual modeling, Problem creationModel and solve one-variable equations with variables on both sides of the equal sign using rational number coefficients and constants.
Key skills: Solving equations, Rational numbersUse informal arguments to establish facts about angle sums, exterior angles, parallel lines cut by a transversal, and similarity.
Key skills: Geometric arguments, Angle relationshipsIdentify and verify the values of x and y that simultaneously satisfy two linear equations from the intersections of the graphed equations.
Key skills: Systems of equations, Graphical solutionsGeneralize the properties of orientation and congruence of rotations, reflections, translations, and dilations on a coordinate plane.
Key skills: Transformations, CongruenceDifferentiate between transformations that preserve congruence and those that do not.
Key skills: Congruence, Transformation propertiesExplain the effect of translations, reflections, and rotations on a coordinate plane using algebraic representations.
Key skills: Algebraic transformations, Coordinate geometryModel the effect on linear and area measurements of dilations of two-dimensional shapes.
Key skills: Dilations, Measurement changeConstruct a scatterplot and describe the observed data to address questions of association between bivariate data.
Key skills: Scatterplots, Data associationDetermine the mean absolute deviation and use it as a measure of the average distance data are from the mean.
Key skills: Mean absolute deviation, Data variabilitySimulate generating random samples to develop the notion of a sample statistic to summarize attributes and compare samples.
Key skills: Sampling, StatisticsSolve real-world problems comparing how interest rate and loan length affect the cost of credit.
Key skills: Credit cost, Interest ratesCalculate the total cost of repaying a loan, including credit cards, using an online calculator.
Key skills: Loan repayment, Financial toolsExplain how small amounts of money invested regularly grow over time.
Key skills: Investment growth, SavingsCalculate and compare simple interest and compound interest earnings.
Key skills: Simple interest, Compound interestIdentify and explain the advantages and disadvantages of different payment methods.
Key skills: Payment methods, Financial literacyAnalyze situations to determine if they represent financially responsible decisions and identify benefits and costs.
Key skills: Financial responsibility, Decision analysisEstimate the cost of college education and devise a periodic savings plan for accumulating the needed money.
Key skills: College planning, Savings plansApply mathematics to problems arising in everyday life, society, and the workplace.
Key skills: Problem solving, Real-world applicationUse a problem-solving model that incorporates analyzing information, formulating a plan, and justifying the solution.
Key skills: Critical thinking, JustificationSelect tools, including technology, and techniques, including mental math and estimation, to solve problems.
Key skills: Tool selection, EstimationCommunicate mathematical ideas and their implications using multiple representations, including symbols, diagrams, and graphs.
Key skills: Communication, Multiple representationsCreate and use representations to organize, record, and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Organization, ModelingAnalyze mathematical relationships to connect and communicate mathematical ideas.
Key skills: Analysis, ConnectionDisplay, explain, and justify mathematical ideas and arguments using precise mathematical language.
Key skills: Explanation, PrecisionDetermine the domain and range of a linear function in mathematical and real-world situations.
Key skills: Domain and range, InequalitiesWrite linear equations in two variables in various forms, including slope-intercept, standard, and point-slope forms.
Key skills: Equation writing, Linear formsWrite linear equations in two variables given a table of values, a graph, or a verbal description.
Key skills: Data modeling, Linear equationsWrite and solve equations involving direct variation.
Key skills: Direct variation, ProportionalityWrite the equation of a line that contains a given point and is parallel to a given line.
Key skills: Parallel lines, Linear equationsWrite the equation of a line that contains a given point and is perpendicular to a given line.
Key skills: Perpendicular lines, Linear equationsWrite an equation of a line that is parallel or perpendicular to the x or y axis.
Key skills: Horizontal lines, Vertical linesWrite linear inequalities in two variables given a graph, a table of values, or a verbal description.
Key skills: Inequality writing, ModelingWrite systems of two linear equations given a table of values, a graph, or a verbal description.
Key skills: Systems of equations, ModelingDetermine the slope of a line given a table of values, a graph, two points, or an equation.
Key skills: Slope, Rate of changeCalculate the rate of change of a linear function represented tabularly, graphically, or algebraically.
Key skills: Rate of change, Linear analysisGraph linear functions and identify key features, including x-intercept, y-intercept, zeros, and slope.
Key skills: Graphing, InterceptsGraph the solution set of linear inequalities in two variables.
Key skills: Inequality graphing, Solution setsDetermine the effects on the graph of the parent function f(x) = x when f(x) is replaced by af(x), f(x) + d, f(x - c), f(bx).
Key skills: Transformations, Parent functionsCalculate, using technology, the correlation coefficient between two quantitative variables and interpret this quantity.
Key skills: Correlation, Data analysisCompare and contrast association and causation in real-world problems.
Key skills: Causation, AssociationWrite, with and without technology, linear functions that provide a reasonable fit to data to make predictions.
Key skills: Linear regression, PredictionSolve linear equations in one variable, including those for which the application of the distributive property is necessary.
Key skills: Equation solving, Distributive propertySolve linear inequalities in one variable, including those for which the application of the distributive property is necessary.
Key skills: Inequality solving, Algebraic manipulationSolve systems of two linear equations with two variables for mathematical and real-world problems.
Key skills: Systems solving, Substitution/EliminationDetermine the domain and range of quadratic functions and represent using inequalities.
Key skills: Domain and range, Quadratic analysisWrite equations of quadratic functions given the vertex and another point on the graph.
Key skills: Vertex form, Equation writingWrite quadratic functions from data to model real-world situations of the form y = ax^2 + bx + c.
Key skills: Quadratic regression, ModelingGraph quadratic functions and identify key attributes, including x-intercepts, y-intercept, zeros, maximum/minimum, and axis of symmetry.
Key skills: Graphing, Key attributesDescribe the relationship between the linear factors of quadratic expressions and the zeros of their associated quadratic functions.
Key skills: Linear factors, ZerosDetermine the effects on the graph of the parent function f(x) = x^2 when f(x) is replaced by af(x), f(x) + d, f(x - c), f(bx).
Key skills: Transformations, Parent functionsSolve quadratic equations having real solutions by factoring, taking square roots, completing the square, and applying the quadratic formula.
Key skills: Equation solving, Quadratic formulaWrite, using technology, quadratic functions that provide a reasonable fit to data to estimate solutions and make predictions.
Key skills: Quadratic regression, PredictionDetermine the domain and range of exponential functions of the form f(x) = ab^x and represent using inequalities.
Key skills: Domain and range, Exponential analysisInterpret the meaning of the values of a and b in exponential functions of the form f(x) = ab^x in real-world problems.
Key skills: Interpretation, Growth and decayWrite exponential functions in the form f(x) = ab^x to describe problems arising from real-world situations.
Key skills: Equation writing, ModelingGraph exponential functions that model growth and decay and identify key features, including y-intercept and asymptotes.
Key skills: Graphing, AsymptotesWrite, using technology, exponential functions that provide a reasonable fit to data and make predictions.
Key skills: Exponential regression, PredictionAdd and subtract polynomials of degree one and degree two.
Key skills: Polynomial addition, Polynomial subtractionMultiply polynomials of degree one and degree two.
Key skills: Polynomial multiplication, FOIL methodDetermine the quotient of a polynomial of degree one and polynomial of degree two when divided by a polynomial of degree one and polynomial of degree two.
Key skills: Polynomial division, SimplificationRewrite polynomial expressions of degree one and degree two in equivalent forms using the distributive property.
Key skills: Equivalent expressions, FactoringFactor, if possible, trinomials with real factors in the form ax^2 + bx + c, including perfect square trinomials of degree two.
Key skills: Factoring, TrinomialsDecide if a binomial can be written as the difference of two squares and, if possible, use the structure of a difference of two squares to rewrite the binomial.
Key skills: Difference of squares, FactoringSimplify numerical radical expressions involving square roots.
Key skills: Radical simplification, Square rootsSimplify numeric and algebraic expressions using the laws of exponents, including integral and rational exponents.
Key skills: Exponent laws, SimplificationDecide whether relations represented verbally, tabularly, graphically, and symbolically are functions.
Key skills: Function identification, Vertical line testEvaluate a function for a given input in the domain of the function.
Key skills: Function evaluation, SubstitutionIdentify terms of arithmetic and geometric sequences when the sequences are given in function form using recursive processes.
Key skills: Sequences, Recursive formulasWrite a formula for the nth term of arithmetic and geometric sequences, given the value of several of their terms.
Key skills: Sequence formulas, Pattern recognitionSolve mathematic and real-world problems involving direct and inverse variation.
Key skills: Variation, Problem solvingDetermine the coordinates of a point at a given fractional distance less than one from one end of a line segment to the other.
Key skills: Partitioning segments, Coordinate geometryDerive and use the distance, slope, and midpoint formulas to verify geometric relationships.
Key skills: Distance formula, Midpoint formulaDetermine an equation of a line parallel or perpendicular to a given line that passes through a given point.
Key skills: Parallel/Perpendicular, Coordinate geometryDescribe and perform transformations of figures in a plane using coordinate notation.
Key skills: Transformations, Coordinate notationDetermine the image or pre-image of a figure after a given transformation.
Key skills: Image/Pre-image, MappingIdentify the sequence of transformations that will carry a given figure onto itself.
Key skills: Symmetry, Composition of transformationsIdentify and distinguish between reflectional and rotational symmetry in a plane figure.
Key skills: Symmetry, Rotational/ReflectionalDistinguish between undefined terms, definitions, postulates, conjectures, and theorems.
Key skills: Geometric structure, VocabularyIdentify and determine the validity of the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a conditional statement.
Key skills: Logic, Conditional statementsVerify that a conjecture is false using a counterexample.
Key skills: Counterexamples, ConjecturesCompare and contrast inductive and deductive reasoning.
Key skills: Reasoning types, LogicInvestigate patterns to make conjectures about geometric relationships, including angles formed by parallel lines cut by a transversal.
Key skills: Conjectures, Parallel linesConstruct congruent segments, congruent angles, a segment bisector, an angle bisector, perpendicular lines, and parallel lines.
Key skills: Constructions, Geometric toolsUse constructions to validate conjectures about geometric figures.
Key skills: Validation, ConstructionsVerify theorems about angles formed by the intersection of lines and line segments.
Key skills: Angle theorems, ProofProve theorems about triangles, including the sum of interior angles, base angles of isosceles triangles, and the segment joining midpoints.
Key skills: Triangle proofs, TheoremsApply the Triangle Inequality Theorem to determine if a triangle can be formed and to find the range of possible side lengths.
Key skills: Triangle inequality, Side lengthsVerify theorems about the relationships in special right triangles and the Pythagorean Theorem.
Key skills: Special right triangles, Pythagorean TheoremProve a quadrilateral is a parallelogram, rectangle, square, or rhombus using coordinate geometry and algebraic reasoning.
Key skills: Quadrilateral proofs, Coordinate geometryApply the definition of similarity in terms of a dilation to identify similar figures and their properties.
Key skills: Similarity, DilationsApply the Angle-Angle (AA) criterion to verify that two triangles are similar.
Key skills: Triangle similarity, AA criterionProve theorems about similarity in triangles, including the Triangle Proportionality Theorem.
Key skills: Similarity proofs, ProportionalityIdentify and apply the relationships that exist when an altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse of a right triangle.
Key skills: Geometric mean, Right trianglesDetermine the lengths of sides and measures of angles in a right triangle using trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem.
Key skills: Trigonometry, Right trianglesSolve mathematical and real-world problems involving right triangles using trigonometric ratios and the Pythagorean Theorem.
Key skills: Problem solving, TrigonometryIdentify the shapes of two-dimensional cross-sections of three-dimensional objects.
Key skills: Cross-sections, 3D visualizationIdentify three-dimensional objects generated by rotations of two-dimensional objects.
Key skills: Solids of revolution, 3D visualizationApply the formula for the area of regular polygons to solve problems.
Key skills: Area, Regular polygonsDetermine the area of composite figures and figures on a coordinate plane using geometry and algebraic methods.
Key skills: Composite area, Coordinate geometryApply the formulas for the total and lateral surface area of three-dimensional figures, including prisms, pyramids, cones, cylinders, and spheres.
Key skills: Surface area, 3D figuresApply the formulas for the volume of three-dimensional figures, including prisms, pyramids, cones, cylinders, and spheres.
Key skills: Volume, 3D figuresApply theorems about circles, including relationships among angles, radii, chords, tangents, and secants.
Key skills: Circle theorems, Angle relationshipsApply the relationship between the length of an arc and the circumference of a circle.
Key skills: Arc length, CircumferenceApply the relationship between the area of a sector and the area of a circle.
Key skills: Sector area, Circle areaDescribe the relationship between the degree measure of a central angle and the length of its intercepted arc.
Key skills: Central angles, Arc lengthWrite the equation of a circle given its center and radius or given the endpoints of a diameter.
Key skills: Circle equations, Coordinate geometryDevelop strategies to use permutations and combinations to solve contextual problems.
Key skills: Permutations, CombinationsDetermine probabilities based on area to solve contextual problems.
Key skills: Geometric probability, AreaIdentify independent and dependent events and calculate their probabilities.
Key skills: Independence, ProbabilityApply the Addition Rule and the Multiplication Rule of probability to solve contextual problems.
Key skills: Addition rule, Multiplication ruleApply conditional probability to solve contextual problems.
Key skills: Conditional probability, Problem solvingGraph the functions f(x)=√x, f(x)=1/x, f(x)=x^3, f(x)=cube root of x, f(x)=b^x, f(x)=|x|, and f(x)=log_b(x).
Key skills: Parent functions, GraphingGraph and write the inverse of a function using notation such as f^-1(x).
Key skills: Inverse functions, NotationDescribe and analyze the relationship between a function and its inverse.
Key skills: Function relationships, InversesDetermine the domain and range of a function and its inverse and represent using inequalities.
Key skills: Domain and range, InversesFormulate systems of equations, including systems consisting of three linear equations in three variables.
Key skills: Systems formulation, ModelingSolve systems of three linear equations in three variables by using Gaussian elimination, technology with matrices, and substitution.
Key skills: Systems solving, MatricesSolve, with and without technology, systems of equations consisting of two equations, the first linear and the second quadratic.
Key skills: Linear-Quadratic systems, Problem solvingFormulate and solve systems of at least two linear inequalities in two variables.
Key skills: Inequality systems, ModelingWrite the quadratic function given three specified points in the plane.
Key skills: Equation writing, Quadratic modelingWrite the equation of a parabola using given attributes, including vertex, focus, directrix, axis of symmetry, and direction of opening.
Key skills: Parabola attributes, ConicsDetermine the effect on the graph of f(x) = √x when f(x) is replaced by af(x), f(x) + d, f(x - c), and f(bx).
Key skills: Transformations, Square root functionsTransform a quadratic function f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c to vertex form f(x) = a(x - h)^2 + k.
Key skills: Completing the square, Vertex formFormulate quadratic and square root equations that model real-world situations.
Key skills: Modeling, Equation formulationSolve quadratic and square root equations.
Key skills: Equation solving, Algebraic manipulationIdentify extraneous solutions of square root equations.
Key skills: Extraneous solutions, VerificationSolve quadratic inequalities.
Key skills: Inequality solving, Quadratic analysisDetermine the effects on the key attributes on the graphs of f(x) = b^x and f(x) = log_b(x) when f(x) is replaced by af(x), f(x) + d, and f(x - c).
Key skills: Transformations, Logarithmic functionsFormulate exponential and logarithmic equations that model real-world situations.
Key skills: Modeling, Equation formulationRewrite exponential equations as their corresponding logarithmic equations and logarithmic equations as their corresponding exponential equations.
Key skills: Logarithmic properties, EquivalenceSolve exponential and logarithmic equations.
Key skills: Equation solving, LogarithmsDetermine the reasonableness of a solution to a logarithmic equation.
Key skills: Reasonableness, VerificationAnalyze the effect on the graphs of f(x) = x^3 and f(x) = cube root of x when f(x) is replaced by af(x), f(x) + d, f(x - c), and f(bx).
Key skills: Transformations, Cubic functionsSolve cubic and cube root equations.
Key skills: Equation solving, Algebraic manipulationAnalyze the effect on the graphs of f(x) = |x| when f(x) is replaced by af(x), f(x) + d, f(x - c), and f(bx).
Key skills: Transformations, Absolute valueFormulate and solve absolute value equations and inequalities.
Key skills: Absolute value, Equation solvingSolve absolute value inequalities.
Key skills: Inequality solving, Absolute valueAnalyze the effect on the graphs of f(x) = 1/x when f(x) is replaced by af(x), f(x) + d, f(x - c), and f(bx).
Key skills: Transformations, Rational functionsFormulate and solve rational equations that model real-world situations.
Key skills: Modeling, Rational equationsSolve rational equations and identify extraneous solutions.
Key skills: Equation solving, Extraneous solutionsSolve rational inequalities.
Key skills: Inequality solving, Rational analysisDetermine the domain and range of rational functions of the form f(x) = (a)/(x - h) + k.
Key skills: Domain and range, Rational functionsDetermine the asymptotic behavior of rational functions.
Key skills: Asymptotes, Rational analysisFormulate and solve equations involving inverse variation.
Key skills: Inverse variation, ModelingAdd, subtract, and multiply complex numbers.
Key skills: Complex numbers, ArithmeticAdd, subtract, and multiply polynomials.
Key skills: Polynomial arithmetic, SimplificationDetermine the quotient of a polynomial of degree three and of degree four when divided by a polynomial of degree one and of degree two.
Key skills: Polynomial division, SimplificationDetermine the linear factors of a polynomial expression of degree three and of degree four.
Key skills: Factoring, Linear factorsDetermine linear and quadratic factors of a polynomial expression of degree three and of degree four.
Key skills: Factoring, Quadratic factorsDetermine the sum and difference of two cubes and factoring by grouping.
Key skills: Factoring, CubesRewrite radical expressions that contain variables to equivalent forms.
Key skills: Radical simplification, EquivalenceSolve equations involving rational exponents.
Key skills: Rational exponents, Equation solvingWrite the domain and range of a function in interval notation, inequalities, and set notation.
Key skills: Notation, Domain and rangeAnalyze data to select the appropriate model from among linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.
Key skills: Model selection, Data analysisUse regression methods available through technology to write a linear, quadratic, or exponential function from a given set of data.
Key skills: Regression, TechnologyPredict a value and solve problems in mathematical and real-world contexts using regression models.
Key skills: Prediction, ModelingDescribe individual and multiple transformations of functions and their effect on the graph.
Key skills: Transformations, Function analysisDescribe a function as a combination of two or more functions.
Key skills: Composition, Function operationsDetermine the inverse of a function and the domain and range of the inverse function.
Key skills: Inverse functions, Domain and rangeDetermine and analyze the key attributes of functions, including domain, range, intercepts, symmetries, and asymptotic behavior.
Key skills: Key attributes, Function analysisDetermine the quotient of two polynomials and identify the degree of the quotient and the remainder.
Key skills: Polynomial division, Remainder theoremDetermine the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions.
Key skills: Function arithmetic, OperationsGraph functions, including exponential, logarithmic, sine, cosine, rational, polynomial, and power functions.
Key skills: Graphing, Function typesGraph piecewise functions and identify the domain and range.
Key skills: Piecewise functions, GraphingSolve equations and inequalities involving rational, exponential, and logarithmic functions.
Key skills: Equation solving, InequalitiesGraph the unit circle and identify the coordinates of points on the circle.
Key skills: Unit circle, CoordinatesDetermine the relationship between the unit circle and the definition of a periodic function.
Key skills: Periodic functions, Unit circleGraph sine, cosine, and tangent functions and their transformations.
Key skills: Trigonometric graphing, TransformationsDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle in standard position.
Key skills: Trigonometric ratios, Standard positionDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle in a right triangle.
Key skills: Right triangle trig, RatiosSolve trigonometric equations.
Key skills: Equation solving, TrigonometryUse trigonometric identities to simplify expressions and verify identities.
Key skills: Identities, SimplificationSolve mathematical and real-world problems using the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines.
Key skills: Law of Sines, Law of CosinesDetermine the area of a triangle using the sine formula and Heron's formula.
Key skills: Triangle area, FormulasDetermine the relationship between degrees and radians and convert between the two measures.
Key skills: Radians, DegreesDetermine the length of an arc and the area of a sector of a circle.
Key skills: Arc length, Sector areaDetermine the coordinates of a point on a circle given the radius and the angle.
Key skills: Circle coordinates, TrigonometryDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle given a point on the terminal side of the angle.
Key skills: Trigonometric ratios, Terminal sideDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle given the value of one trigonometric function and the quadrant.
Key skills: Trigonometric ratios, QuadrantsDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle using the unit circle.
Key skills: Unit circle, TrigonometryDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle using a calculator.
Key skills: Calculator use, TrigonometryDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle using special right triangles.
Key skills: Special right triangles, TrigonometryDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle using the Pythagorean identities.
Key skills: Pythagorean identities, TrigonometryDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle using the reciprocal identities.
Key skills: Reciprocal identities, TrigonometryDetermine the values of the six trigonometric functions of an angle using the quotient identities.
Key skills: Quotient identities, TrigonometryEvaluate expressions involving logarithms.
Key skills: Logarithms, EvaluationUse the properties of logarithms to expand and condense logarithmic expressions.
Key skills: Logarithmic properties, Expansion/CondensingSolve exponential and logarithmic equations.
Key skills: Equation solving, LogarithmsSolve mathematical and real-world problems involving exponential growth and decay.
Key skills: Growth and decay, ModelingSolve mathematical and real-world problems involving compound interest.
Key skills: Compound interest, FinanceDetermine the sum of a finite geometric series.
Key skills: Geometric series, SummationDetermine the sum of an infinite geometric series.
Key skills: Infinite series, SummationUse the Binomial Theorem to expand powers of binomials.
Key skills: Binomial Theorem, ExpansionDetermine the nth term of an arithmetic sequence.
Key skills: Arithmetic sequences, nth termDetermine the nth term of a geometric sequence.
Key skills: Geometric sequences, nth termDetermine the sum of a finite arithmetic series.
Key skills: Arithmetic series, SummationUse mathematical induction to prove statements about sequences and series.
Key skills: Mathematical induction, ProofDetermine the limit of a sequence.
Key skills: Limits, SequencesDetermine the limit of a function.
Key skills: Limits, FunctionsAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations.
Key skills: Asking questions, Defining problemsUse scientific practices to plan and conduct simple descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems.
Key skills: Planning investigations, Designing solutionsIdentify, describe, and demonstrate safe practices during classroom and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards.
Key skills: Safety procedures, Demonstrating safetyUse tools, including hand lenses, goggles, trays, cups, bowls, sieves, notebooks, terrariums, aquariums, samples, windsock, thermometer, rain gauge, and magnets.
Key skills: Using tools, Scientific equipmentCollect observations and measurements as evidence.
Key skills: Collecting data, ObservationRecord and organize data using pictures, numbers, words, or symbols.
Key skills: Recording data, Organizing informationDevelop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.
Key skills: Modeling, PrototypingIdentify basic advantages and limitations of models such as their size, properties, and materials.
Key skills: Evaluating models, Identifying limitationsAnalyze data by identifying significant features and patterns.
Key skills: Data analysis, Pattern recognitionUse mathematical concepts to compare two objects with common attributes.
Key skills: Mathematical comparison, Attribute analysisEvaluate a design or object using a set of criteria.
Key skills: Evaluation, Design criteriaDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models.
Key skills: Developing explanations, Proposing solutionsCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats.
Key skills: Communication, CollaborationListen actively to others' explanations to identify important evidence and engage respectfully in scientific discussion.
Key skills: Active listening, Scientific discussionExplain how scientists and engineers are people who study the natural world and use this information to design and build new products.
Key skills: Role of scientists, Engineering designIdentify scientists and engineers and explore what they do.
Key skills: Career exploration, Identifying rolesIdentify and use patterns to describe phenomena or design solutions.
Key skills: Identifying patterns, Describing phenomenaInvestigate and predict cause-and-effect relationships in science.
Key skills: Cause and effect, PredictionDescribe the properties of objects in terms of relative size (scale) and proportion.
Key skills: Scale, ProportionExamine the parts of a whole to understand or model a system.
Key skills: Systems thinking, Part-whole relationshipsIdentify forms of energy and properties of matter.
Key skills: Energy forms, Matter propertiesDescribe the relationship between structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Structure and function, System analysisDescribe how factors or conditions can cause objects, organisms, and systems to change or stay the same.
Key skills: Stability and change, Environmental factorsIdentify and record observable physical properties of objects, including shape, color, texture, and material, and generate ways to classify objects.
Key skills: Physical properties, ClassificationPredict and identify changes to matter caused by heating and cooling such as ice melting and water freezing.
Key skills: Heating and cooling, Changes in matterDescribe and predict how a magnet interacts with various materials and how magnets can be used to push or pull.
Key skills: Magnetism, Push and pullCommunicate the idea that objects can only be seen when a light source is present and compare the effects of light on appearance.
Key skills: Light sources, VisibilityDemonstrate and explain that light travels through some objects and is blocked by other objects, creating shadows.
Key skills: Light transmission, Shadow formationIdentify, describe, and predict the patterns of day and night and their observable characteristics.
Key skills: Day and night, Predicting patternsObserve, describe, and illustrate the Sun, Moon, stars, and objects in the sky such as clouds.
Key skills: Celestial objects, ObservationDescribe and classify rocks by the observable properties of size, shape, color, and texture.
Key skills: Rock classification, Physical propertiesObserve and describe weather changes from day to day and over seasons.
Key skills: Weather patterns, Seasonal changeIdentify evidence that supports the idea that air is all around us and demonstrate that wind is moving air.
Key skills: Air properties, Wind demonstrationObserve and generate examples of practical uses for rocks, soil, and water.
Key skills: Natural resources, Practical usesObserve and identify the dependence of plants on air, sunlight, water, nutrients in the soil, and space to grow.
Key skills: Plant needs, Environmental dependenceObserve and identify the dependence of animals on air, water, food, space, and shelter.
Key skills: Animal needs, Survival requirementsIdentify the structures of plants, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Key skills: Plant structures, IdentificationIdentify the different structures that animals have that allow them to interact with their environment such as seeing, hearing, and moving.
Key skills: Animal structures, Environmental interactionIdentify and record the changes from seed, seedling, plant, flower, and fruit in a simple plant life cycle.
Key skills: Life cycles, Plant growthIdentify ways that young plants resemble the parent plant.
Key skills: Inheritance, ResemblanceAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text and phenomena.
Key skills: Questioning, Problem definitionUse scientific practices to plan investigations and engineering practices to design solutions to problems.
Key skills: Investigation planning, Engineering designIdentify, describe, and demonstrate safe practices during classroom and field investigations.
Key skills: Safety protocols, Lab safetyUse tools including hand lenses, goggles, beakers, balances, thermometers, and digital devices to collect and share data.
Key skills: Tool usage, Data collectionCollect observations and measurements as evidence.
Key skills: Observation, MeasurementRecord and organize data using pictures, numbers, words, symbols, and simple graphs.
Key skills: Data organization, GraphingDevelop and use models to represent phenomena or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.
Key skills: Modeling, PrototypingIdentify and learn how to use patterns as evidence to describe phenomena or design solutions.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, Evidence useAnalyze data to identify sequences and gaps.
Key skills: Data analysis, Sequence identificationDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models.
Key skills: Explanation, Solution designCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats.
Key skills: Communication, CollaborationListen actively to others' explanations to identify relevant evidence and engage respectfully in scientific discussion.
Key skills: Active listening, Scientific discussionExplain how scientists and engineers use resources and tools in their work.
Key skills: Resource analysis, Tool applicationIdentify scientists and engineers such as Katherine Johnson, Sally Ride, and Ernest Just and their contributions.
Key skills: Historical context, Scientific contributionsIdentify and use patterns to describe phenomena or design solutions.
Key skills: Pattern identification, Phenomenon descriptionIdentify and use cause and effect relationships to explain change.
Key skills: Cause and effect, Change analysisUse scale, proportion, and quantity to describe the relative size and characteristics of objects.
Key skills: Scale comparison, Quantitative descriptionExamine the parts of a whole to define or model a system.
Key skills: Systems thinking, Part-whole relationshipsIdentify forms of energy and properties of matter.
Key skills: Energy identification, Matter propertiesDescribe the relationship between structure and function.
Key skills: Structure analysis, Functional relationshipAnalyze how change and constancy occur in systems.
Key skills: Stability analysis, Change trackingClassify objects by observable physical properties, including shape, color, texture, and relative size or weight.
Key skills: Classification, Physical propertiesPredict and identify changes to matter caused by heating and cooling such as melting and freezing.
Key skills: Prediction, Phase changesDemonstrate and explain that a whole object is a system made of parts such as a bicycle.
Key skills: Systems modeling, Component analysisDescribe and predict how a push or pull can change the location, direction, and speed of an object.
Key skills: Force prediction, Motion changeExplore and describe how objects move in different ways, including straight line, zigzag, and round and round.
Key skills: Motion description, Path trackingInvestigate and describe applications of light in everyday life such as solar panels and flashlights.
Key skills: Light application, Technology useDemonstrate and explain that sound is made by vibrations.
Key skills: Vibration analysis, Sound productionDescribe observable patterns of the Sun, Moon, and stars.
Key skills: Celestial patterns, ObservationDescribe the Sun as a star that provides light and heat and explain that objects are seen when light is available.
Key skills: Star identification, Light necessityDescribe and classify rocks by size, shape, color, and texture.
Key skills: Rock classification, Property analysisIdentify and describe water as a natural resource on Earth.
Key skills: Resource identification, Water propertiesIdentify and describe how the human-made world can be designed to help protect Earth's natural resources.
Key skills: Conservation design, Resource protectionObserve and record changes in weather and the seasons.
Key skills: Weather tracking, Seasonal observationDescribe and record the importance of weather and seasonal information to make choices in daily life.
Key skills: Decision making, Environmental impactClassify objects as living or nonliving based on whether they need food, water, and air to survive.
Key skills: Living/Nonliving classification, Survival needsDescribe and record the life cycle of an animal, including birth, growth, and death.
Key skills: Life cycle sequencing, Biological growthCompare ways that young animals resemble their parents.
Key skills: Trait comparison, Heredity basicsIdentify the external structures of different animals and explain how those structures help the animal survive.
Key skills: Anatomical identification, Survival adaptationIdentify and compare plant parts, including roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit, and explain how they help survival.
Key skills: Plant anatomy, Comparative biologyAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations.
Key skills: Asking questions, Defining problemsUse scientific practices to plan and conduct simple descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems.
Key skills: Planning investigations, Designing solutionsIdentify, describe, and demonstrate safe practices during classroom and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards.
Key skills: Safety practices, Demonstrating safetyUse tools, including hand lenses, goggles, heat-resistant gloves, beakers, notebooks, and models to observe, measure, test, and compare.
Key skills: Using tools, MeasuringCollect observations and measurements as evidence.
Key skills: Data collection, ObservationRecord and organize data using pictures, numbers, words, symbols, and simple graphs.
Key skills: Recording data, Organizing dataDevelop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.
Key skills: Modeling, PrototypingIdentify basic advantages and limitations of models such as their size, properties, and materials.
Key skills: Evaluating models, Identifying limitationsAnalyze data by identifying significant features and patterns.
Key skills: Data analysis, Identifying patternsUse mathematical concepts to compare two objects with common attributes.
Key skills: Mathematical comparison, Attribute analysisEvaluate a design or object using criteria to determine if it works as intended.
Key skills: Evaluation, Testing designsDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models.
Key skills: Developing explanations, Proposing solutionsCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats.
Key skills: Communication, CollaborationListen actively to others' explanations to identify relevant evidence and engage respectfully in scientific discussion.
Key skills: Active listening, Scientific discussionExplain how scientific discoveries and innovative solutions to problems impact student lives and community.
Key skills: Impact analysis, Connecting science to lifeIdentify scientists and engineers and what they do.
Key skills: Identifying careers, Understanding rolesIdentify and use patterns to describe phenomena or design solutions.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, Describing phenomenaInvestigate and predict cause-and-effect relationships in science.
Key skills: Predicting outcomes, Cause and effectExplain the concepts of scale, proportion, and quantity as they relate to a whole.
Key skills: Scale and proportion, Quantity analysisExamine the whole system as a collection of parts and how the parts relate to each other and the whole.
Key skills: Systems thinking, Relationship analysisIdentify forms of energy and properties of matter.
Key skills: Identifying energy, Matter propertiesDescribe the relationship between structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Structure and function, Descriptive analysisDescribe how factors or conditions can cause objects, organisms, and systems to either change or stay the same.
Key skills: Stability and change, Condition analysisClassify matter by observable physical properties, including texture, flexibility, and relative temperature, and identify whether a material is a solid or liquid.
Key skills: Classifying matter, Identifying statesConduct a descriptive investigation to explain how physical properties can be changed through processes such as cutting, folding, sanding, melting, or freezing.
Key skills: Investigating change, Physical processesDemonstrate that a new object can be made from a small set of pieces such as blocks, and a different object can be made from the same set of pieces.
Key skills: Building objects, Reconfiguring partsExplain how objects push on each other and may change shape when they touch or collide.
Key skills: Explaining force, Shape changePlan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate how the strength of a push and pull changes an object's motion.
Key skills: Investigating motion, Push and pullDemonstrate and explain that sound is made by vibrations.
Key skills: Demonstrating sound, Explaining vibrationsInvestigate and describe how different levels of sound energy can cause objects to vibrate.
Key skills: Investigating sound, Vibration analysisDescribe the Sun as a star that provides light and heat and explain that the Moon reflects the Sun's light.
Key skills: Describing the Sun, Explaining reflectionObserve objects in the sky using tools such as a telescope and binoculars and describe how they appear.
Key skills: Observation, Using optical toolsDescribe and compare the properties of different types of soil such as color, texture, and capacity to retain water.
Key skills: Describing soil, Comparing propertiesIdentify and describe how wind and water can change the Earth's surface.
Key skills: Identifying erosion, Surface changeDescribe how the Earth's surface can be changed by slow processes such as weathering and fast processes such as landslides.
Key skills: Describing processes, Weathering and landslidesIdentify and describe how people use natural resources such as plants, animals, soil, and water to provide for basic needs.
Key skills: Identifying resources, Resource useDesign and explain solutions such as conservation, recycling, or proper disposal to minimize environmental impact of the use of natural resources.
Key skills: Designing solutions, Environmental impactDescribe how the physical characteristics of environments, including the amount of rainfall, support plants and animals within an ecosystem.
Key skills: Describing environments, Ecosystem supportCreate and describe food chains identifying producers and consumers to demonstrate how animals depend on other organisms and their environment.
Key skills: Creating food chains, Identifying rolesIdentify the external structures of different animals and compare how those structures help different animals live, move, and meet basic needs.
Key skills: Identifying structures, Comparing adaptationsIdentify and compare the parts of plants and their functions such as seeds, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Key skills: Identifying plant parts, Comparing functionsRecord observations of and describe basic life cycles of animals, including a bird, a mammal, and a fish.
Key skills: Recording life cycles, Describing growthCompare ways that young animals resemble their parents.
Key skills: Comparing traits, Inheritance patternsAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations.
Key skills: Asking questions, Defining problemsUse scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems.
Key skills: Planning investigations, Designing solutionsDemonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment during classroom and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards.
Key skills: Safety practices, Safety equipmentUse tools, including hand lenses, metric rulers, Celsius thermometers, wind vanes, rain gauges, graduated cylinders, beakers, digital scales, hot plates, meter sticks, magnets, and notebooks.
Key skills: Using tools, MeasuringCollect observations and measurements as evidence.
Key skills: Data collection, ObservationConstruct appropriate graphic representations of data, including tables, bar graphs, and dot plots, using digital tools as appropriate.
Key skills: Data representation, GraphingDevelop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.
Key skills: Modeling, PrototypingIdentify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, and properties.
Key skills: Evaluating models, Identifying limitationsAnalyze data by identifying any significant patterns, characteristics, and relationships.
Key skills: Data analysis, Pattern recognitionUse mathematical concepts and training to compare and contrast data and assess the reasonableness of results.
Key skills: Mathematical analysis, Evaluating resultsEvaluate a design or object using criteria to determine if it works as intended.
Key skills: Evaluation, Testing designsDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models.
Key skills: Developing explanations, Proposing solutionsCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats.
Key skills: Communication, CollaborationListen actively to others' explanations to identify relevant evidence and engage respectfully in scientific discussion.
Key skills: Active listening, Scientific discussionExplain how scientific discoveries and innovative solutions to problems impact science and society.
Key skills: Impact analysis, Scientific historyResearch and explore resources such as a variety of careers in science and engineering.
Key skills: Career exploration, ResearchIdentify and use patterns to explain phenomena or make predictions.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, PredictionIdentify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems.
Key skills: Cause and effect, InvestigationUse scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems.
Key skills: Scale and proportion, MeasurementExamine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system.
Key skills: Systems thinking, ModelingIdentify forms of energy and properties of matter.
Key skills: Energy forms, Matter propertiesIdentify the relationship between structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Structure and function, AnalysisExplain how factors or conditions can cause objects, organisms, and systems to either stay the same or change.
Key skills: Stability and change, ExplanationMeasure, test, and record physical properties of matter, including temperature, mass, magnetism, and the ability to sink or float in water.
Key skills: Measuring properties, Testing matterDescribe and classify samples of matter as solids, liquids, and gases and demonstrate that solids have a definite shape and that liquids and gases take the shape of their container.
Key skills: Classifying matter, States of matterPredict and investigate that water can change from a liquid to a solid and from a liquid to a gas when heated or cooled.
Key skills: Phase changes, InvestigationDemonstrate that a whole object is a sum of its parts and that a whole object can be separated into its parts.
Key skills: Part-whole relationships, DemonstrationDemonstrate and describe forces such as magnetism and gravity as they act on an object.
Key skills: Magnetism, GravityPlan and conduct a descriptive investigation to demonstrate and explain how position and motion can be changed by pushing and pulling objects.
Key skills: Push and pull, Motion analysisIdentify everyday examples of energy, including light, sound, thermal, and mechanical.
Key skills: Energy identification, Energy formsPlan and conduct a descriptive investigation to explore how the speed of an object may reveal the amount of mechanical energy it has.
Key skills: Speed and energy, InvestigationConstruct models and explain the orbits of the Sun, Earth, and Moon in relation to each other.
Key skills: Modeling orbits, Space systemsIdentify the order of the planets in Earth's solar system in relation to the Sun.
Key skills: Planetary order, Solar systemExplain how external factors such as weathering, erosion, and deposition can cause slow changes to Earth's surface.
Key skills: Weathering and erosion, Surface changesIdentify and describe how natural resources are used by humans and how some resources are renewable and some are nonrenewable.
Key skills: Natural resources, SustainabilityExplore and explain how rapid changes such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides can affect Earth's surface.
Key skills: Rapid changes, Geological eventsCompare and describe day-to-day weather in different locations at the same time, including air temperature, wind direction, and precipitation.
Key skills: Weather comparison, Data collectionInvestigate and explain how soils such as sand and clay are formed by weathering of rock and by decomposition of plant and animal remains.
Key skills: Soil formation, WeatheringExplain how changes to an environment, such as floods and droughts, can affect the survival of organisms and the balance of an ecosystem.
Key skills: Environmental impact, Ecosystem balanceIdentify and describe the flow of energy in a food chain and predict how changes in a food chain affect the ecosystem.
Key skills: Food chains, Energy flowExplain how temperature and precipitation affect animal and plant behaviors and their ability to survive in an environment.
Key skills: Behavioral adaptation, SurvivalIdentify the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds of plants and compare how those structures help different plants meet their basic needs.
Key skills: Plant structures, Survival needsRecord and compare how the structures and behaviors of animals help them find and take in food, water, and air.
Key skills: Animal structures, Animal behaviorsRecord and compare how being part of a group helps animals obtain food, defend themselves, and cope with changes.
Key skills: Group behavior, Social survivalExplore, illustrate, and compare life cycles in organisms such as beetles, crickets, radishes, or lima beans.
Key skills: Life cycles, ComparisonAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations.
Key skills: Asking questions, Defining problemsUse scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive and simple experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems.
Key skills: Planning investigations, Designing solutionsDemonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment during classroom and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards.
Key skills: Safety procedures, Using safety equipmentUse tools, including hand lenses, metric rulers, thermometers, calculators, balances, and graduated cylinders, to observe, measure, test, and analyze information.
Key skills: Using tools, Measuring dataCollect observations and measurements as evidence.
Key skills: Data collection, ObservationConstruct appropriate graphic representations to collect data, including tables, bar graphs, line graphs, and stem and leaf plots to communicate predictions, patterns, and relationships.
Key skills: Graphing data, Identifying patternsDevelop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem.
Key skills: Modeling, PrototypingIdentify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, properties, and materials.
Key skills: Evaluating models, Identifying limitationsAnalyze data by identifying any significant features, patterns, or sources of error.
Key skills: Data analysis, Error identificationUse mathematical calculations to compare patterns and relationships.
Key skills: Mathematical analysis, Comparing relationshipsEvaluate a design or object using criteria.
Key skills: Evaluation, Criteria testingDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models.
Key skills: Developing explanations, Proposing solutionsCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats.
Key skills: Communication, CollaborationListen actively to others' explanations to identify relevant evidence and engage respectfully in scientific discussion.
Key skills: Active listening, Scientific discussionExplain how scientific discoveries and innovative solutions to problems impact science and society.
Key skills: Impact analysis, Historical contextResearch and explore resources such as a variety of careers in science and technology.
Key skills: Career research, Resource explorationIdentify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, ExplanationIdentify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems.
Key skills: Cause and effect, InvestigationUse scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model aspects of the natural world.
Key skills: Scaling, ComparisonExamine the parts of a whole to define or model a system.
Key skills: Systems thinking, ModelingIdentify the forms of energy in a system, such as light, thermal, or sound.
Key skills: Energy identification, System analysisExplain the relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Structure and function, ExplanationExplain how factors or conditions can cause objects, organisms, and systems to either stay the same or change.
Key skills: Stability and change, Factor analysisClassify and describe matter using observable physical properties, including temperature, mass, magnetism, relative density, and physical state.
Key skills: Classification, Physical propertiesInvestigate and compare a variety of mixtures, including solutions that are composed of liquids in liquids and solids in liquids.
Key skills: Mixture investigation, Comparing solutionsDemonstrate that matter is conserved when it is combined in mixtures, even if parts of the mixture are not easily visible.
Key skills: Conservation of matter, DemonstrationExplore and explain how forces can change the speed and direction of an object's motion.
Key skills: Force exploration, Motion analysisInvestigate and identify the transfer of energy by objects in motion, waves in water, and sound.
Key skills: Energy transfer, Wave identificationIdentify and classify substances as conductors or insulators of thermal and electrical energy.
Key skills: Classification, Conductors/InsulatorsDemonstrate and describe how electrical energy travels in a closed path that can produce light and thermal energy.
Key skills: Circuit building, Energy transformationObserve and identify the seasonal patterns of sunrise and sunset.
Key skills: Observation, Pattern identificationObserve, identify, and predict the sequence of changes in the apparent shape of the Moon over time in a monthly cycle.
Key skills: Moon phases, PredictionDescribe and illustrate the continuous movement of water above and on the surface of Earth through the water cycle and explain the role of the Sun.
Key skills: Water cycle, IllustrationModel and describe how the processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition cause changes in Earth's surface.
Key skills: Modeling, Surface changesDifferentiate between weather and climate.
Key skills: Differentiation, Climate analysisIdentify and explain advantages and disadvantages of using Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources.
Key skills: Resource identification, EvaluationExplain the critical role of energy resources to modern life and how conservation, disposal, and recycling impact the environment.
Key skills: Conservation, Environmental impactDetermine the physical properties of rocks that allow Earth's natural resources to be stored there.
Key skills: Rock properties, Resource storageInvestigate and explain how most producers can make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide through the cycling of matter.
Key skills: Photosynthesis, Cycling of matterDescribe the cycling of matter and flow of energy through food webs, including the roles of the Sun, producers, consumers, and decomposers.
Key skills: Food webs, Energy flowIdentify and describe past environments based on fossil evidence, including common Texas fossils.
Key skills: Fossil analysis, Environmental reconstructionExplore and explain how structures and functions of plants such as waxy leaves and deep roots enable them to survive in their environment.
Key skills: Structure and function, Survival adaptationDifferentiate between inherited and acquired physical traits of organisms.
Key skills: Inherited traits, Acquired traitsask questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations
Key skills: ask questions, define problemsuse scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive and simple experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions to problems
Key skills: plan investigations, design solutionsdemonstrate safe practices and the use of safety equipment during classroom and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards
Key skills: safety procedures, safety equipmentuse tools, including calculators, microscopes, hand lenses, metric rulers, thermometers, prisms, lenses, mirrors, scales, balances, graduated cylinders, beakers, hot plates, magnets, and digital data collection tools
Key skills: use tools, measure datacollect observations and measurements as evidence
Key skills: collect observations, gather evidenceconstruct appropriate graphic organizers used to collect data, including tables, bar graphs, line graphs, tree maps, concept maps, Venn diagrams, flow charts, and input-output tables
Key skills: organize data, create graphsdevelop and use models to represent phenomena, objects, and processes or design a prototype for a solution to a problem
Key skills: develop models, design prototypesidentify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, properties, and materials
Key skills: evaluate models, identify limitationsanalyze data by identifying any significant patterns, errors, or outliers
Key skills: analyze data, identify patternsuse mathematical concepts and training to compare, contrast, and combine data and use data to construct reasonable explanations and design solutions
Key skills: mathematical thinking, construct explanationsevaluate experimental and engineering designs
Key skills: evaluate designs, test solutionsdevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models
Key skills: develop explanations, propose solutionscommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats
Key skills: communicate science, collaboratelisten actively to others' explanations to identify relevant evidence and engage respectfully in scientific argumentation
Key skills: active listening, scientific argumentationexplain how scientific discoveries and innovative solutions to problems impact science and society
Key skills: impact of science, innovationresearch and explore resources such as museums, libraries, professional organizations, and mentors in STEM fields to investigate STEM careers
Key skills: research careers, STEM explorationidentify and use patterns to explain scientific phenomena or to design solutions
Key skills: identify patterns, explain phenomenaidentify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems
Key skills: cause and effect, analyze problemsuse scale, proportion, and quantity to describe, compare, or model different systems
Key skills: scale and proportion, model systemsexamine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system
Key skills: system parts, interdependenceinvestigate how energy flows and matter cycles through systems and how matter is conserved
Key skills: energy flow, matter cyclingexplain the relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems
Key skills: structure and function, explain relationshipsexplain how factors or conditions impact stability and change in objects, organisms, and systems
Key skills: stability and change, impact analysiscompare and contrast matter based on physical properties, including mass, magnetism, relative density, physical state, volume, solubility, and conductivity
Key skills: classify matter, physical propertiesdemonstrate and explain that some mixtures maintain physical properties of their substances such as iron filings and sand
Key skills: mixtures, physical propertiescompare the properties of substances before and after they are combined into a solution and demonstrate that matter is conserved
Key skills: solutions, conservation of matterillustrate how matter is made up of particles that are too small to be seen such as air in a balloon
Key skills: particle theory, model matterinvestigate and explain how equal and unequal forces acting on an object cause patterns of motion and transfer of energy
Key skills: forces, patterns of motiondesign a simple experimental investigation that tests the effect of force on an object
Key skills: experimental design, test forceidentify and describe whether energy is in a form that can be seen, heard, or felt such as light, sound, thermal, or mechanical energy
Key skills: identify energy, forms of energyexplain the relationship between the speed of an object and the mechanical energy of that object
Key skills: speed, mechanical energydesign a circuit to transform electrical energy into other forms of energy such as light, sound, or thermal energy
Key skills: design circuits, energy transformationexplain the Sun-Earth-Moon system using models of their orbits and positions
Key skills: model orbits, explain systemsidentify the order of the planets in the solar system in relation to the Sun
Key skills: planetary order, solar systemexplain how the Sun and the ocean interact in the water cycle and affect weather
Key skills: water cycle, weather patternsmodel and describe the processes that led to the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels
Key skills: rock formation, fossil fuelsexplain how the Earth's surface is changed by rapid processes such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and landslides
Key skills: rapid changes, earth processesexplain how the use of natural resources can impact the environment
Key skills: natural resources, environmental impactdesign solutions that reduce the impact of the use of natural resources such as conservation, recycling, or proper disposal
Key skills: design solutions, conservationobserve and describe how a variety of organisms survive by interacting with biotic and abiotic factors in a healthy ecosystem
Key skills: biotic/abiotic factors, ecosystem interactionspredict how changes in the ecosystem affect the cycling of matter and flow of energy in a food web
Key skills: predict changes, food websdescribe a healthy ecosystem and how human activities can be beneficial or harmful to an ecosystem
Key skills: human impact, ecosystem healthanalyze the structures and functions of different species to identify how organisms survive in the same environment
Key skills: analyze structures, survival adaptationsexplain how instinctual behavioral traits and learned behavioral traits increase chances of survival
Key skills: inherited traits, learned behaviorsAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations.
Key skills: Asking questions, Defining problemsUse scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions.
Key skills: Planning investigations, Designing solutionsUse appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in Texas Education Agency-approved safety standards.
Key skills: Safety practices, Equipment useUse appropriate tools such as graduated cylinders, periodic tables, balances, thermometers, probes, microscopes, and other laboratory equipment.
Key skills: Tool selection, MeasurementCollect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative data as evidence.
Key skills: Data collection, SI unitsOrganize quantitative and qualitative data using scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, charts, data tables, diagrams, and scientific drawings.
Key skills: Data organization, GraphingDevelop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to engineering problems.
Key skills: Modeling, Problem solvingDistinguish between scientific hypotheses, theories, and laws.
Key skills: Scientific terminology, Conceptual differentiationIdentify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, properties, and materials.
Key skills: Model evaluation, Critical thinkingAnalyze data by identifying any significant descriptive statistical features, patterns, sources of error, or outliers.
Key skills: Data analysis, Error identificationUse mathematical calculations to assess quantitative relationships in data.
Key skills: Mathematical analysis, Quantitative assessmentEvaluate experimental and engineering designs.
Key skills: Design evaluation, Process analysisDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models and consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.
Key skills: Evidence-based explanation, Scientific reasoningCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats.
Key skills: Communication, CollaborationListen actively and engage respectfully in scientific arguments to examine evidence and revise explanations based on reasoning with peers.
Key skills: Scientific argumentation, Active listeningRelate the impact of past and current research on scientific thought and society, including history and cost-benefit analysis.
Key skills: Historical context, Impact analysisMake informed decisions by evaluating evidence from multiple appropriate sources to assess credibility, accuracy, and methods used.
Key skills: Source evaluation, Decision makingResearch and explore resources such as museums, libraries, and online platforms to investigate STEM careers.
Key skills: Career exploration, ResearchIdentify and apply patterns to understand and connect scientific phenomena or to design solutions.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, ApplicationIdentify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems.
Key skills: Causality, Problem analysisAnalyze how differences in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system's structure or performance.
Key skills: Scale analysis, Proportional reasoningExamine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system.
Key skills: Systems thinking, InterdependenceAnalyze and explain how energy flows and matter cycles through systems and how they are conserved.
Key skills: Energy flow, Conservation of matterAnalyze and explain the complementary nature of the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Structure and function, Functional analysisAnalyze and explain how factors or conditions cause objects, organisms, and systems to either change or stay the same.
Key skills: Stability and change, System dynamicsCompare solids, liquids, and gases in terms of their structure, shape, volume, and kinetic energy of particles.
Key skills: States of matter, Kinetic energyInvestigate the formation of pure substances or mixtures through physical changes.
Key skills: Pure substances, MixturesIdentify elements on the periodic table as metals, nonmetals, and metalloids and use their physical properties to classify them.
Key skills: Periodic table, ClassificationDetermine the density of substances using mass and volume.
Key skills: Density calculation, MeasurementIdentify evidence of chemical changes such as color change, gas production, formation of a precipitate, and temperature change.
Key skills: Chemical change, ObservationIdentify and describe the changes in position, direction, and speed of an object when acted upon by unbalanced forces.
Key skills: Unbalanced forces, Motion analysisCalculate net force on an object in a horizontal or vertical direction.
Key skills: Net force, CalculationIdentify and describe Newton's third law of motion.
Key skills: Newton's laws, Action-reactionCompare and contrast potential and kinetic energy.
Key skills: Potential energy, Kinetic energyIdentify and describe energy transformations within a system.
Key skills: Energy transformation, SystemsIdentify and describe the characteristics of waves, including wavelength, frequency, and amplitude.
Key skills: Wave properties, Wave behaviorModel and illustrate how the tilt of Earth's axis and its revolution around the Sun cause changes in seasons.
Key skills: Seasons, Earth's tiltPredict and describe the causes of tides.
Key skills: Tides, Gravitational pullDifferentiate between the biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere.
Key skills: Earth's spheres, System differentiationModel and describe the layers of Earth, including the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.
Key skills: Earth's layers, ModelingDescribe the processes of the rock cycle, including formation of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.
Key skills: Rock cycle, Geological processesResearch and describe the management of renewable and nonrenewable resources.
Key skills: Resource management, SustainabilityResearch and describe the impact of energy resource management on the environment.
Key skills: Environmental impact, Energy resourcesInvestigate how organisms and populations in an ecosystem compete for biotic and abiotic factors.
Key skills: Competition, Biotic/Abiotic factorsDescribe the ecological relationships between organisms, including producer/consumer, predator/prey, and parasite/host.
Key skills: Ecological relationships, InteractionsDescribe the levels of organization within an ecosystem, including organism, population, community, and ecosystem.
Key skills: Biological organization, Ecosystem levelsIdentify the components of cell theory.
Key skills: Cell theory, Biological conceptsCompare and contrast the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Key skills: Cell structure, Cell typesDescribe how variations of traits within a population increase some individuals' probability of surviving and reproducing.
Key skills: Natural selection, Trait variationAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations.
Key skills: Questioning, Problem definitionUse scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions.
Key skills: Investigation planning, Engineering designUse appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in TEA-approved safety standards.
Key skills: Lab safety, Equipment useUse appropriate tools such as graduated cylinders, metric rulers, periodic tables, balances, thermometers, probes, timing devices, and models.
Key skills: Tool selection, MeasurementCollect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative data as evidence.
Key skills: Data collection, SI unitsConstruct appropriate tables, graphs, maps, and charts using repeated trials and means to organize data.
Key skills: Data organization, GraphingDevelop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, and processes.
Key skills: Modeling, Systems representationDistinguish between scientific hypotheses, theories, and laws.
Key skills: Scientific terminology, Conceptual distinctionIdentify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, properties, and materials.
Key skills: Model evaluation, Scale analysisAnalyze data by identifying any significant descriptive statistical features, patterns, sources of error, or outliers.
Key skills: Data analysis, Error identificationUse mathematical calculations to assess validity and reliability of data.
Key skills: Mathematical analysis, Data validationEvaluate designs or solutions based on design criteria and constraints.
Key skills: Design evaluation, Constraint analysisDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models and consistent with scientific ideas, principles, and theories.
Key skills: Explanation development, Evidence-based reasoningCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats.
Key skills: Scientific communication, CollaborationListen actively to and engage collaboratively with a variety of speakers when sharing and evaluating ideas.
Key skills: Active listening, Collaborative evaluationRelate the impact of past and current research on scientific thought and society, including contributions of diverse scientists.
Key skills: Research impact, History of scienceMake informed decisions by evaluating evidence from multiple sources to assess credibility, accuracy, and methods used.
Key skills: Evidence evaluation, Critical thinkingResearch and explore resources such as museums, libraries, and mentors in STEM fields to investigate STEM careers.
Key skills: Career exploration, Resource researchIdentify and apply patterns to understand and connect scientific phenomena or to design solutions.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, Solution designIdentify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems.
Key skills: Causality, Problem analysisAnalyze how differences in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system's structure or performance.
Key skills: Scale analysis, System performanceExamine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system.
Key skills: Systems thinking, InterdependenceAnalyze and explain how energy flows and matter cycles through systems and how they are conserved.
Key skills: Energy flow, Matter cyclingAnalyze and explain the complementary relationship between structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Structure and function, Biological systemsAnalyze and explain how factors or conditions impact stability and change in objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Stability and change, System dynamicsCompare and contrast elements and compounds in terms of atoms and molecules, chemical symbols, and chemical formulas.
Key skills: Chemical comparison, Formula analysisUse the periodic table to identify the atoms and the number of each kind within a chemical formula.
Key skills: Periodic table use, Chemical countingDistinguish between physical and chemical changes in matter.
Key skills: Physical vs chemical, Matter transformationDescribe aqueous solutions in terms of solute and solvent, concentration, and dilution.
Key skills: Solution chemistry, ConcentrationInvestigate and model how temperature, surface area, and agitation affect the rate of dissolution of solid solutes.
Key skills: Dissolution rate, Experimental modelingCalculate average speed using distance and time measurements from investigations.
Key skills: Speed calculation, MeasurementDistinguish between speed and velocity in linear motion in terms of distance, displacement, and direction.
Key skills: Speed vs velocity, Vector conceptsMeasure and graph changes in motion and interpret how a distance-time graph represents speed.
Key skills: Motion graphing, Graph interpretationAnalyze Newton's First Law of Motion (the Law of Inertia) and its application to real-world situations.
Key skills: Newton's laws, Inertia analysisInvestigate the flow of thermal energy through systems via conduction, convection, and radiation.
Key skills: Heat transfer, Thermal energyExplain the concept of thermal equilibrium and how it relates to the transfer of thermal energy.
Key skills: Thermal equilibrium, Energy transferDescribe the relationship between temperature and the kinetic energy of particles in a substance.
Key skills: Kinetic theory, Temperature relationDescribe the physical properties, locations, and movements of the Sun, planets, moons, meteors, asteroids, and comets.
Key skills: Solar system objects, Celestial motionExplain how gravity and inertia work together to keep objects in orbit in the solar system.
Key skills: Orbital mechanics, Gravity and inertiaAnalyze the characteristics of Earth that allow life to exist such as liquid water and an atmosphere.
Key skills: Habitability, Earth systemsAnalyze evidence of how Earth's surface has changed over time such as the fossil record and plate tectonics.
Key skills: Geological history, Evidence analysisDescribe how plate tectonics causes geological events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building.
Key skills: Plate tectonics, Geological eventsAnalyze how human activity such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides impacts the quality of water in a watershed.
Key skills: Human impact, Water qualityDescribe how human activity such as overfishing and pollution impacts ocean systems.
Key skills: Ocean conservation, Environmental impactDiagram the flow of energy through trophic levels in an ecosystem using food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids.
Key skills: Energy flow, Trophic levelsDescribe how matter cycles through the biosphere such as the carbon and nitrogen cycles.
Key skills: Biogeochemical cycles, Matter cyclingIdentify the main functions of the systems of the human body including circulatory, respiratory, skeletal, and others.
Key skills: Body systems, Anatomy/PhysiologyDescribe the hierarchy of organization in organisms including cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Key skills: Biological organization, HierarchyCompare and contrast sexual and asexual reproduction and the resulting genetic diversity of offspring.
Key skills: Reproduction, Genetic diversityAnalyze how natural selection and artificial selection (selective breeding) lead to changes in populations over time.
Key skills: Natural selection, Artificial selectionExplain the use of taxonomy to classify organisms into domains and kingdoms.
Key skills: Taxonomy, ClassificationCompare and contrast the characteristics of organisms in the kingdoms of Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Key skills: Kingdoms of life, Biological traitsAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations.
Key skills: Ask questions, Define problemsUse scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations and use engineering practices to design solutions.
Key skills: Plan investigations, Design solutionsUse appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations as outlined in TEA-approved safety standards.
Key skills: Safety practices, Equipment useUse appropriate tools such as graduated cylinders, metric rulers, periodic tables, balances, thermometers, probes, and lab notebooks.
Key skills: Tool selection, MeasurementCollect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative data as evidence.
Key skills: Data collection, SI unitsConstruct appropriate tables, graphs, maps, and charts using repeated trials and means to organize data.
Key skills: Organize data, GraphingDevelop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to engineering problems.
Key skills: Modeling, RepresentationDistinguish between scientific hypotheses and scientific theories.
Key skills: Hypothesis vs Theory, Scientific reasoningIdentify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, properties, and materials.
Key skills: Model evaluation, Identify limitationsAnalyze data by identifying any significant descriptive statistical features, patterns, sources of error, or limitations.
Key skills: Data analysis, Error identificationUse mathematical calculations to assess quantitative relationships in data.
Key skills: Calculations, Quantitative analysisEvaluate experimental and engineering designs.
Key skills: Design evaluation, Critical thinkingDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models and consistent with scientific ideas.
Key skills: Develop explanations, Propose solutionsCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings and formats.
Key skills: Communication, CollaborationListen actively to and engage in peer-to-peer discussion to build on the ideas of others and share and evaluate their own ideas.
Key skills: Active listening, Peer discussionRelate the impact of past and current research on scientific thought and society.
Key skills: Research impact, Societal contextMake informed decisions by evaluating evidence from multiple appropriate sources to assess credibility and accuracy.
Key skills: Evaluate evidence, Decision makingResearch and explore resources such as museums, libraries, and mentors to investigate STEM careers.
Key skills: Career exploration, STEM researchIdentify and apply patterns to understand and connect scientific phenomena or to design solutions.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, ApplicationIdentify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain scientific phenomena or analyze problems.
Key skills: Cause and effect, AnalysisAnalyze how differences in scale, proportion, or quantity affect a system's structure or performance.
Key skills: Scale analysis, ProportionExamine and model the parts of a system and their interdependence in the function of the system.
Key skills: Systems thinking, InterdependenceAnalyze and explain how energy flows and matter cycles through systems and how matter is conserved.
Key skills: Energy flow, Matter cyclingAnalyze and explain the complementary relationship between the structure and function of objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Structure and function, AnalysisAnalyze and explain how factors or conditions impact stability and change in objects, organisms, and systems.
Key skills: Stability and change, AnalysisExplain by modeling how matter is classified as elements, compounds, homogeneous mixtures, or heterogeneous mixtures.
Key skills: Classification, ModelingUse the periodic table to identify atoms in a chemical formula and identify classes of elements as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
Key skills: Periodic table, Chemical formulasInvestigate how the properties of water, including its ability to dissolve substances and high specific heat, impact Earth's systems.
Key skills: Water properties, Earth systemsIdentify and describe the properties of acids and bases and how they are used in everyday life.
Key skills: Acids and bases, PropertiesInvestigate how mass is conserved in chemical reactions and relate conservation of mass to the rearrangement of atoms.
Key skills: Conservation of mass, Chemical reactionsCalculate and analyze how the acceleration of an object is dependent upon the net force and mass using Newton's second law.
Key skills: Newton's 2nd Law, AccelerationInvestigate and describe how Newton's three laws of motion act within systems such as vehicle restraints and tectonic activities.
Key skills: Newton's Laws, System analysisCompare the characteristics of transverse and longitudinal waves and describe how waves transfer energy.
Key skills: Wave types, Energy transferInvestigate and describe the behavior of light and sound waves, including reflection, refraction, absorption, and the electromagnetic spectrum.
Key skills: Wave behavior, EM spectrumDescribe the life cycle of stars and compare and classify stars using the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Key skills: Star life cycle, H-R diagramCategorize galaxies as elliptical, spiral, or irregular and explain that galaxies are held together by gravity.
Key skills: Galaxy types, GravityDescribe the historical origins of the universe and the Big Bang Theory.
Key skills: Universe origins, Big Bang TheoryExplain how the sun's energy drives the water cycle and impacts weather and climate.
Key skills: Solar energy, Water cycleInvestigate and describe how the rotation of Earth and uneven heating create global wind patterns and ocean currents.
Key skills: Wind patterns, Ocean currentsIdentify the conditions that result in the formation of tropical storms and explain how they impact Earth's systems.
Key skills: Tropical storms, System impactUse scientific evidence to describe how natural events and human activities impact global climate.
Key skills: Climate impact, Scientific evidenceDescribe the carbon cycle and the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycle.
Key skills: Carbon cycle, Biological rolesExplain how the use of fossil fuels and the development of alternative energy sources impact the environment.
Key skills: Energy sources, Environmental impactExplain how disruptions such as population changes and human intervention impact the transfer of energy in food webs.
Key skills: Ecosystem disruptions, Food websDescribe the process of ecological succession and how it impacts species diversity and ecosystem stability.
Key skills: Ecological succession, BiodiversityExplain how human activities, such as overfishing and habitat destruction, impact the sustainability of an ecosystem.
Key skills: Human impact, SustainabilityIdentify the function of organelles in plant or animal cells, including the cell membrane, nucleus, and mitochondria.
Key skills: Cell organelles, FunctionDescribe the function of genes within chromosomes in determining inherited traits of offspring.
Key skills: Genetics, Inherited traitsDescribe how variations of traits within a population lead to adaptations that influence survival and reproductive success.
Key skills: Adaptation, Natural selectionAsk questions and define problems based on observations or information from text, phenomena, models, or investigations.
Key skills: Questioning, Problem definitionApply scientific practices to plan and conduct descriptive, comparative, and experimental investigations.
Key skills: Investigation planning, Data collectionUse appropriate safety equipment and practices during laboratory, classroom, and field investigations.
Key skills: Lab safety, Equipment useUse appropriate tools such as microscopes, slides, Petri dishes, and data collection probes.
Key skills: Tool selection, Biological measurementCollect quantitative data using the International System of Units (SI) and qualitative data as evidence.
Key skills: Data collection, SI unitsOrganize quantitative and qualitative data using scatter plots, line graphs, bar graphs, and charts.
Key skills: Data organization, GraphingDevelop and use models to represent phenomena, systems, processes, or solutions to problems.
Key skills: Modeling, System representationDistinguish between scientific hypotheses, theories, and laws.
Key skills: Scientific terminology, Conceptual distinctionIdentify advantages and limitations of models such as their size, scale, properties, and materials.
Key skills: Model analysis, Critical evaluationAnalyze data by identifying significant statistical features, patterns, sources of error, and limitations.
Key skills: Data analysis, Error identificationUse mathematical calculations to assess quantitative relationships in data.
Key skills: Quantitative analysis, Mathematical reasoningEvaluate experimental and engineering designs.
Key skills: Design evaluation, Process improvementDevelop explanations and propose solutions supported by data and models.
Key skills: Evidence-based explanation, Problem solvingCommunicate explanations and solutions individually and collaboratively in a variety of settings.
Key skills: Communication, CollaborationEngage respectfully in scientific argumentation using applied scientific explanations and empirical evidence.
Key skills: Scientific argument, Evidence useAnalyze and evaluate scientific explanations and claims in various types of media.
Key skills: Media literacy, Claim evaluationCommunicate and apply scientific information extracted from various sources such as current events.
Key skills: Information synthesis, ApplicationDraw inferences based on data related to promotional materials for products and services.
Key skills: Inference, Data interpretationEvaluate the impact of scientific research on society and the environment.
Key skills: Societal impact, Environmental ethicsResearch and explore resources such as museums and STEM careers.
Key skills: Career exploration, Resource researchIdentify and apply patterns to understand natural phenomena and make predictions.
Key skills: Pattern recognition, PredictionIdentify and investigate cause-and-effect relationships to explain mechanisms.
Key skills: Causality, Mechanism explanationAnalyze systems in terms of their components and how these components relate to each other.
Key skills: Systems analysis, Component interactionExamine and model how energy and matter flow through systems and are conserved.
Key skills: Energy flow, Conservation of matterAnalyze how the structure of an object or system is related to its function.
Key skills: Structure and function, System analysisExamine and model the stability and change in systems.
Key skills: Stability, Change modelingCompare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their complexity and genetic material.
Key skills: Cell comparison, Genetic complexityInvestigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis and transport of molecules.
Key skills: Homeostasis, Cellular transportCompare the structures of viruses to cells and explain how viruses spread and cause disease.
Key skills: Viral structure, Disease transmissionExplain the role of the cell cycle in growth and maintenance of organisms.
Key skills: Cell cycle, Growth/MaintenanceExplain the role of DNA replication in the cell cycle.
Key skills: DNA replication, Cell divisionExplain the importance of the cell cycle in the development of specialized cells and tissues.
Key skills: Cell differentiation, Tissue developmentIdentify components of DNA and explain how the nucleotide sequence specifies traits.
Key skills: DNA structure, Genetic codingExplain the process of protein synthesis, including transcription and translation.
Key skills: Transcription, TranslationExplain the purpose and process of meiosis and its role in genetic variation.
Key skills: Meiosis, Genetic variationPredict the outcomes of various genetic crosses, including monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
Key skills: Genetic prediction, Punnett squaresExplain how environmental factors can affect gene expression.
Key skills: Gene expression, Environmental impactIdentify and explain the significance of mutations in DNA.
Key skills: Mutation analysis, Genetic changeAnalyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations.
Key skills: Natural selection, Population changeAnalyze and evaluate how other evolutionary mechanisms, including genetic drift and gene flow, affect populations.
Key skills: Genetic drift, Gene flowAnalyze and evaluate the evidence of common ancestry among groups of organisms.
Key skills: Common ancestry, Evolutionary evidenceExplain how organisms are classified based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.
Key skills: Taxonomy, ClassificationIdentify and describe the characteristics of the three domains and six kingdoms of life.
Key skills: Biological domains, Kingdoms of lifeAnalyze the flow of matter and energy through trophic levels in an ecosystem.
Key skills: Trophic levels, Energy flowExplain the significance of the carbon and nitrogen cycles to ecosystem stability.
Key skills: Biogeochemical cycles, Ecosystem stabilityAnalyze the effects of ecological succession on populations and species diversity.
Key skills: Ecological succession, Species diversityInvestigate and evaluate how ecological relationships influence ecosystem stability.
Key skills: Symbiosis, Ecosystem stabilityAnalyze how environmental change, including human activity, affects biodiversity.
Key skills: Biodiversity, Human impactAnalyze how changes in biodiversity impact ecosystem stability.
Key skills: Biodiversity loss, System stabilityCompare and contrast physical and chemical properties and changes of matter.
Key skills: Property analysis, Matter changesAnalyze the properties of elements and their placement on the periodic table.
Key skills: Periodic table, Element propertiesUnderstand the experimental design and conclusions used in the development of modern atomic theory.
Key skills: Atomic theory, Scientific historyUnderstand the electromagnetic spectrum and the mathematical relationships of light.
Key skills: Electromagnetic spectrum, Light physicsCalculate wavelength, frequency, and energy of light using Planck's constant.
Key skills: Light calculations, Quantum constantsUse isotopic composition to calculate average atomic mass of an element.
Key skills: Isotope calculation, Atomic massExpress the arrangement of electrons in atoms through electron configurations and Lewis structures.
Key skills: Electron configuration, Lewis structuresDescribe the characteristics of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation.
Key skills: Radiation types, Nuclear propertiesDescribe radioactive decay processes in terms of balanced nuclear equations.
Key skills: Radioactive decay, Nuclear equationsCompare fission and fusion reactions.
Key skills: Fission vs Fusion, Nuclear energyDescribe and compare ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
Key skills: Chemical bonding, Bond comparisonConstruct Lewis valence electron dot structures for molecules.
Key skills: Lewis structures, Molecular modelingName and write chemical formulas for ionic and covalent compounds.
Key skills: Nomenclature, Chemical formulasPredict molecular structure and polarity using VSEPR theory.
Key skills: Molecular geometry, PolarityBalance chemical equations using the law of conservation of mass.
Key skills: Equation balancing, Conservation of massPerform stoichiometric calculations, including mole-to-mole and mass-to-mass conversions.
Key skills: Stoichiometry, Chemical mathCalculate percent yield in a chemical reaction.
Key skills: Yield calculation, Efficiency analysisIdentify and calculate limiting and excess reactants.
Key skills: Limiting reactants, Reaction analysisDescribe the unique role of water in chemical and biological systems.
Key skills: Water properties, Solvent roleCalculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity.
Key skills: Molarity, ConcentrationCalculate the variables involved in the dilution of solutions.
Key skills: Dilution math, Solution prepDefine acids and bases and distinguish between strong and weak acids and bases.
Key skills: Acid-base theory, Strength distinctionDefine pH and calculate the pH of a solution.
Key skills: pH calculation, Acidity analysisDescribe the postulates of kinetic molecular theory.
Key skills: Kinetic theory, Gas behaviorDescribe and calculate the relationships between volume, pressure, number of moles, and temperature of an ideal gas.
Key skills: Gas laws, Ideal gas equationUnderstand energy and its forms, including kinetic, potential, chemical, and thermal energies.
Key skills: Energy forms, ThermodynamicsUnderstand the law of conservation of energy and the processes of heat transfer.
Key skills: Heat transfer, Energy conservationUse thermochemical equations to calculate energy changes and classify reactions as exothermic or endothermic.
Key skills: Thermochemistry, EnthalpyPerform calculations involving heat, mass, temperature change, and specific heat.
Key skills: Specific heat, Calorimetry mathUse calorimetry to calculate the heat of a chemical process.
Key skills: Calorimetry, Heat measurementCalculate speed, velocity, and acceleration using appropriate units.
Key skills: Motion math, KinematicsInvestigate and describe the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration using Newton's Second Law.
Key skills: Newton's Laws, Force analysisApply the law of conservation of momentum to real-world examples.
Key skills: Momentum, Conservation lawsInvestigate and demonstrate the movement of thermal energy through conduction, convection, and radiation.
Key skills: Heat transfer, Thermal energyAnalyze the efficiency of energy transformations in various systems.
Key skills: Energy transformation, EfficiencyDistinguish between physical and chemical properties and changes of matter.
Key skills: Matter properties, Chemical changeIdentify the components of an atom and their properties.
Key skills: Atomic structure, Subatomic particlesUse the periodic table to identify trends and properties of elements.
Key skills: Periodic trends, Element propertiesDescribe the formation of ionic and covalent bonds.
Key skills: Chemical bonding, Bond formationRecognize that chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions.
Key skills: Chemical equations, Reaction representationResearch and communicate the environmental impact of chemical reactions.
Key skills: Environmental impact, Chemical ethicsAnalyze and describe motion in one and two dimensions using equations and graphical representations.
Key skills: Kinematics, Motion graphingApply Newton's Laws of Motion to explain the behavior of objects.
Key skills: Newton's Laws, Force analysisCalculate the effect of forces on objects, including gravitational and frictional forces.
Key skills: Force calculation, Gravity/FrictionCalculate and describe the relationship between impulse and momentum.
Key skills: Impulse, MomentumAnalyze collisions using the law of conservation of momentum.
Key skills: Collisions, Conservation of momentumCalculate work, power, and kinetic and potential energy.
Key skills: Work/Power, Energy calculationApply the law of conservation of energy to mechanical systems.
Key skills: Energy conservation, Mechanical systemsDescribe the laws of thermodynamics and their applications.
Key skills: Thermodynamics, Energy lawsExplain the processes of heat transfer and their effects on systems.
Key skills: Heat transfer, System effectsDescribe the characteristics of waves, including velocity, frequency, and wavelength.
Key skills: Wave properties, Wave mathInvestigate and describe wave behaviors such as reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
Key skills: Wave behavior, OpticsDescribe the electromagnetic spectrum and the properties of electromagnetic waves.
Key skills: EM spectrum, Wave propertiesExplain the photoelectric effect and its significance in quantum physics.
Key skills: Photoelectric effect, Quantum physicsCalculate electric force using Coulomb's Law.
Key skills: Electric force, Coulomb's LawAnalyze and calculate variables in series and parallel circuits.
Key skills: Circuit analysis, Ohm's LawDescribe the relationship between moving electric charges and magnetic fields.
Key skills: Electromagnetism, Magnetic fieldsDescribe the development of atomic models and the structure of the nucleus.
Key skills: Atomic models, Nuclear structureExplain radioactive decay and calculate half-life.
Key skills: Radioactive decay, Half-life calculationCompare the processes of nuclear fission and fusion.
Key skills: Fission vs Fusion, Nuclear energyidentify national patriotic holidays such as Constitution Day, Presidents' Day, Veterans Day, and Independence Day
Key skills: Identify holidays, Understand patriotismidentify customs associated with national patriotic holidays such as parades and fireworks on Independence Day
Key skills: Identify customs, Holiday traditionsidentify contributions of historical figures, including Stephen F. Austin, George Washington, Christopher Columbus, and José Antonio Navarro
Key skills: Historical figures, State and nationuse spatial terms, including over, under, near, far, left, and right, to describe relative location
Key skills: Spatial terms, Relative locationlocate places on the school campus and describe their relative locations
Key skills: Campus locations, Describe locationidentify and use geographic tools that aid in determining location, including maps and globes
Key skills: Maps and globes, Geographic toolsidentify physical characteristics of place such as landforms, bodies of water, natural resources, and weather
Key skills: Physical characteristics, Landforms and weatheridentify how human characteristics of place such as earning a living, shelter, clothing, and food are based on location
Key skills: Human characteristics, Geographic influenceidentify basic human needs of food, clothing, and shelter
Key skills: Basic needs, Survival requirementsexplain the difference between needs and wants
Key skills: Needs vs. wants, Economic choicesexplain how basic human needs can be met such as through self-producing, purchasing, and trading
Key skills: Meeting needs, Trade and purchaseidentify jobs in the home, school, and community
Key skills: Identify jobs, Community rolesexplain why people have jobs
Key skills: Purpose of work, Economic valueidentify purposes for having rules
Key skills: Purpose of rules, Social orderidentify rules that provide order, security, and safety in the home and school
Key skills: Safety rules, Order and securityidentify authority figures in the home, school, and community
Key skills: Authority figures, Leadership rolesexplain how authority figures make and enforce rules
Key skills: Rule enforcement, Authority rolesidentify the flags of the United States and Texas
Key skills: Identify flags, National symbolsrecite the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag and the Pledge to the Texas Flag
Key skills: Recite pledges, Civic dutyidentify Constitution Day as a celebration of American freedom
Key skills: Constitution Day, American freedomuse voting as a method for group decision making
Key skills: Voting, Group decisionsidentify similarities and differences among people such as kinship, laws, and religion
Key skills: Cultural diversity, Human similaritiescompare family customs and traditions
Key skills: Family traditions, Compare customsidentify examples of technology used in the home and school
Key skills: Identify technology, Tech examplesdescribe how technology helps accomplish specific tasks and meet people's needs
Key skills: Tech utility, Meeting needsdescribe how his or her life might be different without modern technology
Key skills: Impact of tech, Life comparisonidentify and state facts based on relevant evidence
Key skills: Identify facts, Use evidenceidentify different kinds of historical sources and artifacts and explain how they study the past
Key skills: Historical sources, Study artifactsgather information about a topic using valid oral and visual sources with adult assistance
Key skills: Gather information, Source analysissequence and categorize information
Key skills: Sequence data, Categorize infouse social studies terminology related to time and chronology correctly
Key skills: Time vocabulary, Chronologycommunicate information visually, orally, or in writing based on knowledge and experiences
Key skills: Communication, Express ideascreate and interpret visuals, including pictures and maps
Key skills: Create visuals, Interpret mapsapply and practice classroom rules and procedures for listening and responding respectfully
Key skills: Classroom rules, Respectful listeninguse democratic procedures to collaborate with others when making decisions
Key skills: Collaboration, Democratic processuse problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify problems and implement solutions
Key skills: Problem solving, Decision makingdescribe the origins of customs, holidays, and celebrations of the community, state, and nation such as San Jacinto Day, Independence Day, and Veterans Day
Key skills: identify origins, describe celebrationscompare the observance of holidays and celebrations, past and present
Key skills: compare observances, analyze changeidentify contributions of historical figures, including Sam Houston, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Martin Luther King Jr., who have influenced the community, state, and nation
Key skills: identify figures, describe contributionsidentify historical figures such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Garrett Morgan, and Richard Allen, and other individuals who have exhibited individualism and inventiveness
Key skills: identify inventors, recognize individualismcompare the similarities and differences among the lives and activities of historical figures and other individuals who have influenced the community, state, and nation
Key skills: compare lives, analyze influencedistinguish among past, present, and future
Key skills: chronological thinking, time conceptsdescribe and measure calendar time by days, weeks, months, and years
Key skills: measure time, use calendarscreate a calendar and simple timeline
Key skills: create timelines, organize eventslocate places using the four cardinal directions
Key skills: use directions, spatial orientationdescribe the location of self and objects relative to other locations in the classroom and school
Key skills: relative location, spatial descriptioncreate and use simple maps such as maps of the home, classroom, school, and community
Key skills: create maps, interpret mapslocate the community, Texas, and the United States on maps and globes
Key skills: locate places, use globesidentify basic human needs of food, clothing, and shelter
Key skills: identify needs, categorize resourcesexplain the difference between needs and wants
Key skills: distinguish needs/wants, economic reasoningidentify examples of people exchanging money for goods and services
Key skills: identify exchange, understand moneyidentify examples of goods and services in the home, school, and community
Key skills: identify goods, identify servicesidentify ways people exchange goods and services
Key skills: describe exchange, economic interactionidentify the role of markets in the exchange of goods and services
Key skills: understand markets, economic rolesidentify examples of people in the community and government who provide goods and services
Key skills: identify providers, community rolesexplain how work provides income to purchase goods and services
Key skills: link work/income, economic cycledescribe the tools of various jobs and the characteristics of specialized jobs in the community
Key skills: describe tools, identify jobsexplain how specialized jobs contribute to the production of goods and services
Key skills: analyze specialization, production conceptsexplain the purpose for rules and laws in the home, school, and community
Key skills: explain rules, understand lawsidentify rules and laws that establish order, provide security, and manage conflict
Key skills: identify purposes, conflict managementidentify the responsibilities of authority figures in the home, school, and community
Key skills: identify authority, describe responsibilitiesidentify and describe the roles of public officials in the community, state, and nation
Key skills: identify officials, describe rolesidentify characteristics of good citizenship, including truthfulness, justice, equality, respect, responsibility, and participation in government
Key skills: identify virtues, civic participationidentify historical figures such as Benjamin Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt who have exemplified good citizenship
Key skills: identify figures, analyze characteridentify other individuals who exemplify good citizenship
Key skills: recognize citizenship, community examplesexplain state and national patriotic symbols, including the United States and Texas flags, the Liberty Bell, the Statue of Liberty, and the Alamo
Key skills: explain symbols, patriotic knowledgerecite the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag and the Pledge to the Texas Flag
Key skills: recite pledges, demonstrate respectidentify anthems and mottoes of the United States and Texas
Key skills: identify anthems, recognize mottoesexplain and practice voting as a way of making choices and decisions
Key skills: explain voting, practice decision-makingexplain how patriotic customs and celebrations reflect American individualism and freedom
Key skills: analyze customs, understand valuesidentify the importance of the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution
Key skills: identify documents, understand importanceidentify the Bill of Rights as the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Key skills: identify amendments, civic knowledgedescribe the importance of family customs and traditions and explain how they help shape a person's identity
Key skills: describe traditions, analyze identitycompare family customs and traditions
Key skills: compare cultures, identify similaritiesdescribe how technology has affected the ways families live
Key skills: analyze impact, describe changedescribe how technology has affected communication, transportation, and recreation
Key skills: identify effects, categorize technologyidentify the contributions of scientists and inventors such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, and Garrett Morgan
Key skills: identify inventors, describe contributionsobtain information about a topic using a variety of valid oral sources such as conversations, interviews, and music
Key skills: gather information, use oral sourcesobtain information about a topic using a variety of valid visual sources such as pictures, symbols, electronic media, maps, literature, and artifacts
Key skills: gather information, use visual sourcessequence and categorize information
Key skills: organize data, sequence eventsexpress ideas orally based on knowledge and experiences
Key skills: oral expression, share ideascreate and interpret visual and written material
Key skills: create visuals, interpret textuse a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, and implement a solution
Key skills: problem solving, critical thinkinguse a decision-making process to identify a situation, gather information, generate options, and reflect on the decision
Key skills: decision making, reflectionExplain the significance of various community, state, and national celebrations such as Veterans Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, and Thanksgiving.
Key skills: Explain significance, Identify celebrationsIdentify and explain the significance of various community, state, and national landmarks such as monuments and government buildings.
Key skills: Identify landmarks, Explain significanceIdentify contributions of historical figures, including Thurgood Marshall, Irma Rangel, and Theodore Roosevelt, who have influenced the state and nation.
Key skills: Identify contributions, Analyze influenceIdentify historical figures such as Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, and Garrett Morgan who have exhibited individualism and inventiveness.
Key skills: Identify figures, Recognize inventivenessIdentify and use information on maps and globes using basic map elements such as title, cardinal directions, and legend.
Key skills: Use map elements, Interpret mapsCreate maps to show places and routes within the home, school, and community.
Key skills: Create maps, Represent routesIdentify major landforms and bodies of water, including each of the seven continents and each of the five oceans, on maps and globes.
Key skills: Identify landforms, Locate oceans/continentsLocate places, including the local community, Texas, the United States, the state capital, the national capital, and bordering countries, on maps and globes.
Key skills: Locate places, Use geographic toolsIdentify ways in which people have modified the physical environment such as building roads, clearing land, and drilling for oil.
Key skills: Identify modifications, Analyze human impactIdentify positive and negative consequences of human modification of the physical environment.
Key skills: Evaluate consequences, Analyze environmentIdentify ways people can conserve and replenish natural resources.
Key skills: Identify conservation, Resource managementExplain how work provides income to purchase goods and services.
Key skills: Explain income, Economic relationshipsExplain the choices people can make about earning, spending, and saving money and where to place their money such as a bank.
Key skills: Financial choices, Explain savingDistinguish between producing and consuming.
Key skills: Distinguish roles, Economic conceptsIdentify ways in which people are both producers and consumers.
Key skills: Identify roles, Economic participationExamine the development of a product from a natural resource to a finished product.
Key skills: Analyze production, Trace resourcesIdentify functions of governments such as establishing order, providing security, and managing conflict.
Key skills: Identify functions, Understand governmentIdentify governmental services in the community such as libraries, schools, and parks and explain how local governments provide these services.
Key skills: Identify services, Explain provisionName current public officials, including mayor, governor, and president.
Key skills: Identify officials, Recall namesCompare the roles of public officials, including mayor, governor, and president.
Key skills: Compare roles, Analyze leadershipIdentify ways that public officials are selected, including election and appointment to office.
Key skills: Identify selection, Understand electionsIdentify how citizens participate in their own governance through staying informed, providing input, and volunteering.
Key skills: Identify participation, Civic engagementIdentify characteristics of good citizenship, including truthfulness, justice, equality, respect, responsibility, and participation in government.
Key skills: Identify traits, Civic responsibilityIdentify historical figures who exemplified good citizenship such as Paul Revere, Abigail Adams, WASPs, Navajo Code Talkers, and Sojourner Truth.
Key skills: Identify figures, Analyze citizenshipIdentify ways to actively practice good citizenship, including involvement in community service.
Key skills: Identify practice, Community serviceRecite the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag and the Pledge to the Texas Flag.
Key skills: Recite pledges, Demonstrate patriotismSing, recite, or identify selected patriotic songs, including 'The Star-Spangled Banner' and 'America the Beautiful'.
Key skills: Identify songs, Patriotic expressionUse voting as a method for group decision making.
Key skills: Apply voting, Decision makingIdentify symbols such as state and national birds and flowers and Uncle Sam.
Key skills: Identify symbols, Recognize iconsIdentify how selected symbols, customs, and celebrations reflect an American love of individualism, inventiveness, and freedom.
Key skills: Analyze symbols, Connect valuesIdentify the significance of various ethnic and/or cultural celebrations.
Key skills: Identify significance, Cultural awarenessCompare ethnic and/or cultural celebrations.
Key skills: Compare cultures, Analyze traditionsDescribe how science and technology have affected communication, transportation, and recreation.
Key skills: Describe impact, Analyze changeExplain how science and technology have affected the ways in which people meet basic needs.
Key skills: Explain impact, Basic needsIdentify individuals who have exhibited individualism and inventiveness such as Amelia Earhart and George Washington Carver.
Key skills: Identify individuals, Recognize innovationIdentify and state facts based on relevant evidence.
Key skills: Identify facts, Use evidenceIdentify different kinds of historical sources and artifacts and explain how they can be used to study the past.
Key skills: Identify sources, Analyze artifactsGather information about a topic using a variety of valid oral and visual sources.
Key skills: Gather information, Use sourcesInterpret oral, visual, and print material by sequencing, categorizing, identifying main ideas, and comparing.
Key skills: Interpret material, Sequence/CategorizeDescribe the order of events by using designations of time periods such as historical and present times.
Key skills: Describe order, Time periodsApply vocabulary related to chronology, including past, present, and future.
Key skills: Apply vocabulary, ChronologyCreate and interpret timelines for events in the past and present.
Key skills: Create timelines, Interpret timelinesUse social studies terminology correctly.
Key skills: Use terminology, Academic languageCommunicate information visually, orally, or in writing based on knowledge and experiences.
Key skills: Communicate info, Express ideasCreate written and visual material such as stories, maps, and graphic organizers to express ideas.
Key skills: Create material, Express ideasApply and practice classroom rules and procedures for listening and responding respectfully.
Key skills: Apply rules, Respectful listeningUse democratic procedures to collaborate with others when making decisions.
Key skills: Collaborate, Democratic proceduresUse problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, and implement a solution.
Key skills: Problem solving, Decision makingdescribe how individuals, events, and ideas have changed communities, past and present
Key skills: historical analysis, community changeidentify individuals, including Pierre-Charles L'Enfant, Benjamin Banneker, and Benjamin Franklin, who have helped to shape communities
Key skills: biographical identification, community developmentdescribe how individuals, including Daniel Boone and the Founding Fathers, have contributed to the expansion of existing communities or to the creation of new communities
Key skills: historical contribution, expansion analysisidentify reasons people have formed communities, such as a need for security and laws, religious freedom, and material well-being
Key skills: causal reasoning, community formationidentify ways in which people in the local community and other communities meet their needs for government, education, communication, transportation, and recreation
Key skills: needs assessment, community servicesuse vocabulary related to time and chronology, including past, present, and future as well as year, decade, and century
Key skills: chronological vocabulary, time measurementcreate and interpret timelines
Key skills: timeline creation, data interpretationapply the terms year, decade, and century to describe historical periods
Key skills: historical categorization, time applicationuse cardinal and intermediate directions to locate places on maps and globes in relation to the local community
Key skills: map navigation, spatial orientationuse a scale to determine the distance between places on maps and globes
Key skills: scale measurement, distance calculationidentify and use the compass rose, grid system, and symbols to locate places on maps and globes
Key skills: map symbols, grid locationdraw maps of places and regions that contain information such as title, compass rose, legend, and scale
Key skills: cartography, map featuresidentify and compare the physical characteristics of places such as landforms, bodies of water, Earth's resources, and climate
Key skills: physical geography, comparative analysisidentify and compare the human characteristics of places such as types of housing, diet, and language
Key skills: human geography, cultural comparisonuse a case study such as the Santa Fe Trail to identify the importance of the location of places and regions to their past and present
Key skills: case study analysis, geographic importanceidentify ways of earning, spending, saving, and donating money
Key skills: financial literacy, money managementcreate a simple budget that allocates money for spending and saving
Key skills: budgeting, resource allocationdefine and identify examples of scarcity
Key skills: economic concepts, scarcity identificationexplain how scarcity and choice affect advertising and resources
Key skills: decision making, economic impactexplain that some condition of scarcity is always present
Key skills: economic theory, resource limitsidentify examples of how a simple business operates
Key skills: business operations, economic systemsexplain how supply and demand affect the price of a good or service
Key skills: market dynamics, price theoryexplain how the cost of production and selling price affect profits
Key skills: profit analysis, cost calculationidentify examples of producers and consumers in the local community
Key skills: economic roles, community commercedescribe the basic structure of government in the local community, state, and nation
Key skills: civic structure, government levelsidentify local, state, and national government officials and explain how they are chosen
Key skills: political roles, election processesidentify services commonly provided by local, state, and national governments
Key skills: public services, government functionidentify the purposes of having rules and laws
Key skills: legal purpose, civic orderexplain the importance of following rules and obeying laws
Key skills: civic duty, rule of lawidentify characteristics of good citizenship, including truthfulness, justice, equality, respect, responsibility, and participation in government
Key skills: civic virtues, political participationidentify historical figures such as Helen Keller, Clara Barton, and Ruby Bridges who exemplify good citizenship
Key skills: biographical analysis, role modelsidentify and explain the importance of individual acts of civic responsibility, including obeying laws, serving the community, and voting
Key skills: civic action, community serviceexplain how to make a group decision by voting
Key skills: democratic process, group decision-makingidentify the importance of the American flag and the Texas flag
Key skills: national symbols, state identityexplain the meaning of 'E Pluribus Unum'
Key skills: motto interpretation, national unityexplain the significance of various ethnic and/or cultural celebrations in the local community and other communities
Key skills: cultural significance, community traditionscompare ethnic and/or cultural celebrations in the local community with other communities
Key skills: cultural comparison, diversity awarenessidentify and compare the various individual writers and artists and their stories, poems, statues, and paintings from various communities
Key skills: artistic analysis, cultural heritageexplain the significance of various individual writers and artists and their works to various communities
Key skills: artistic significance, cultural impactidentify scientists and inventors, including Jonas Salk, Maria Mitchell, and Bill Gates, who have discovered or created new technology
Key skills: scientific history, innovationidentify the impact of scientific breakthroughs and new technology in computers, pasteurization, and medical vaccines
Key skills: technological impact, societal changeresearch a topic using a variety of valid oral sources such as conversations, interviews, and music
Key skills: oral research, source validationobtain information about a topic using a variety of valid visual sources such as pictures, maps, and artifacts
Key skills: visual literacy, information gatheringuse various parts of a source, including the table of contents, glossary, and index, to locate information
Key skills: reference skills, information locationsequence and categorize information
Key skills: data organization, logical sequencinginterpret oral, visual, and print material by identifying the main idea, predicting, and comparing and contrasting
Key skills: critical interpretation, comparative analysisexpress ideas orally based on knowledge and experiences
Key skills: oral communication, idea expressioncreate written and visual material such as stories, poems, maps, and graphic organizers to express ideas
Key skills: creative expression, visual communicationuse a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list options, and evaluate solutions
Key skills: problem solving, critical thinkinguse a decision-making process to identify a situation, gather information, generate options, and reflect on effectiveness
Key skills: decision making, reflective thinkingexplain the possible origins of American Indian groups in Texas;
Key skills: explain origins, American Indian historyidentify and compare the ways of life of American Indian groups in Texas before European exploration such as the Lipan Apache, Karankawa, Caddo, and Jumano;
Key skills: identify groups, compare lifestylesdescribe the cultural regions in which American Indians lived such as Gulf Coast, Plains, Puebloan, and Southeastern; and
Key skills: describe regions, cultural geographylocate American Indian groups remaining in Texas such as the Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo, Alabama-Coushatta, and Kickapoo.
Key skills: locate groups, modern historysummarize motivations for European exploration and settlement of Texas, including economic opportunity, competition, and the desire for expansion;
Key skills: summarize motivations, exploration causesidentify the accomplishments and explain the impact of significant explorers, including Cabeza de Vaca; Francisco Coronado; and René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle;
Key skills: identify explorers, explain impactexplain when, where, and why the Spanish established settlements and Catholic missions in Texas as well as important individuals such as José de Escandón;
Key skills: explain missions, Spanish settlementidentify Texas's role in the Mexican War of Independence and the war's impact on the development of Texas; and
Key skills: identify role, independence impactidentify the accomplishments and explain the economic motivations and impact of significant empresarios, including Stephen F. Austin and Martín de León.
Key skills: identify empresarios, economic impactanalyze the causes, major events, and effects of the Texas Revolution, including the Battle of the Alamo and the Battle of San Jacinto;
Key skills: analyze causes, revolution eventssummarize the significant contributions of individuals such as William B. Travis, James Bowie, David Crockett, and Juan N. Seguín;
Key skills: summarize contributions, historical figuresidentify leaders important to the founding of Texas as a republic and state, including José Antonio Navarro, Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, and Anson Jones;
Key skills: identify leaders, founding historydescribe the successes, problems, and organizations of the Republic of Texas such as the constitution, economic struggles, and the Texas Rangers; and
Key skills: describe Republic, political challengesexplain the events that led to the annexation of Texas to the United States and the impact of the U.S.-Mexican War.
Key skills: explain annexation, war impactdescribe the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Texas;
Key skills: describe impact, Civil War historyexplain the growth, development, and impact of the cattle industry such as contributions made by Charles Goodnight, Richard King, and Lizzie Johnson;
Key skills: explain industry, cattle historyexplain the effects of the railroad industry on life in Texas, including changes to cities and major industries; and
Key skills: explain effects, railroad impactexplain the effects on American Indian life brought about by the Red River War, building of U.S. forts and railroads, and loss of buffalo.
Key skills: explain effects, American Indian impactexplain the impact of various events on life in Texas such as the Great Depression, the Dust Bowl, and World War II and notable individuals;
Key skills: explain impact, 20th century eventsexplain the development and impact of the oil and gas industry upon industrialization and urbanization in Texas, including Spindletop.
Key skills: explain industry, urbanization impactidentify, locate, and describe the physical regions of Texas (Mountains and Basins, Great Plains, North Central Plains, Coastal Plains); and
Key skills: identify regions, describe landformscompare the physical regions of Texas with physical regions of the United States and other parts of the world.
Key skills: compare regions, global geographyexplain the geographic factors such as landforms and climate that influence patterns of settlement and the distribution of population in Texas;
Key skills: explain factors, settlement patternsdescribe and explain the location and distribution of various towns and cities in Texas, past and present.
Key skills: describe location, urban distributiondescribe ways people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present;
Key skills: describe adaptation, environmental modificationidentify reasons why people have adapted to and modified their environment in Texas, past and present; and
Key skills: identify reasons, human-environment interactioncompare the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the environment in Texas, past and present.
Key skills: compare consequences, environmental impactexplain the economic activities various early American Indian groups in Texas used to meet their needs and wants such as farming and hunting; and
Key skills: explain activities, basic needsexplain the economic activities early settlers to Texas used to meet their needs and wants.
Key skills: explain activities, settler economicsdescribe the development of the free enterprise system in Texas;
Key skills: describe development, free enterprisedescribe how the free enterprise system works, including supply and demand; and
Key skills: describe system, supply and demandgive examples of the benefits of the free enterprise system such as choice and opportunity.
Key skills: give examples, economic benefitsidentify how people in different regions of Texas earn their living, past and present, through a subsistence economy and providing goods and services;
Key skills: identify jobs, economic regionsexplain how geographic factors such as climate, transportation, and natural resources have influenced the location of economic activities in Texas;
Key skills: explain factors, economic locationanalyze the effects of exploration, immigration, migration, and limited resources on the economic development and growth of Texas; and
Key skills: analyze effects, economic growthexplain how Texas, the United States, and the world are economically interdependent.
Key skills: explain interdependence, global tradecompare how various American Indian groups such as the Caddo and the Comanche governed themselves; and
Key skills: compare government, tribal leadershipidentify and compare characteristics of the Spanish colonial government and the early Mexican governments and their influence on inhabitants of Texas.
Key skills: identify characteristics, colonial governmentidentify the purposes and explain the importance of the Texas Declaration of Independence and the Texas Constitution;
Key skills: identify purposes, political documentsidentify and explain the basic functions of the three branches of government according to the Texas Constitution; and
Key skills: identify functions, branches of governmentidentify the intent, meaning, and importance of the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, and the Bill of Rights.
Key skills: identify intent, founding documentsexplain the meaning of various patriotic symbols and landmarks of Texas, including the six flags, the San Jacinto Monument, and the Alamo;
Key skills: explain symbols, Texas landmarkssing or recite 'Texas, Our Texas';
Key skills: sing anthem, state priderecite and explain the meaning of the pledge to the Texas flag; and
Key skills: recite pledge, explain meaningdescribe the origins and significance of state celebrations such as Texas Independence Day and Juneteenth.
Key skills: describe origins, state celebrationsidentify important symbols, customs, and celebrations of Texas;
Key skills: identify symbols, state customsexplain the duty of the individual in state and local elections such as being informed and voting;
Key skills: explain duty, voting importanceidentify the importance of historical figures who modeled active participation in the democratic process such as Sam Houston and Barbara Jordan;
Key skills: identify figures, civic participationexplain how to contact elected and appointed leaders in state and local governments; and
Key skills: explain contact, government accessuse voting as a method for group decision making.
Key skills: use voting, decision makingidentify leaders in state, local, and national governments, including the governor and local members of the Texas Legislature; and
Key skills: identify leaders, government structureidentify leadership qualities of state and local leaders, past and present.
Key skills: identify qualities, leadership traitsidentify customs, celebrations, and traditions of various cultural, regional, and local groups in Texas such as Cinco de Mayo and Oktoberfest; and
Key skills: identify customs, cultural diversitysummarize the contributions of artists of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups in the development of Texas culture.
Key skills: summarize contributions, cultural developmentidentify famous inventors and scientists such as Gail Borden and Michael DeBakey and their contributions; and
Key skills: identify inventors, scientific contributionsdescribe how scientific discoveries and innovations such as in aerospace and energy have benefited individuals and society in Texas.
Key skills: describe discoveries, innovation impactdifferentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources to acquire information about Texas;
Key skills: differentiate sources, locate informationdifferentiate and compare the information about a specific issue or event provided in primary and secondary sources;
Key skills: compare information, source analysisanalyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology through sequencing, categorizing, and identifying cause-and-effect relationships;
Key skills: analyze information, chronology skillsorganize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps;
Key skills: organize information, interpret visualsidentify different points of view about an issue, topic, historical event, or current event;
Key skills: identify points of view, perspective analysisidentify the central claim in a primary or secondary source; and
Key skills: identify claim, critical readingdevelop and communicate a claim and supporting evidence visually, orally, or in writing related to a social studies topic.
Key skills: develop claim, communicate evidenceapply mapping elements, including grid systems, legends, symbols, scales, and compass roses, to create and interpret maps; and
Key skills: apply mapping, interpret mapsinterpret geographic data, population distribution, and natural resources into a variety of formats such as graphs and maps.
Key skills: interpret data, visualize geographyuse social studies terminology correctly;
Key skills: use terminology, academic languageincorporate main and supporting ideas in verbal and written communication;
Key skills: incorporate ideas, effective communicationexpress ideas orally based on research and experiences;
Key skills: express ideas, oral communicationcreate written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies; and
Key skills: create material, written expressionapply foundational language skills to engage in civil discourse about social studies topics, including those with multiple perspectives.
Key skills: engage in discourse, civil communicationuse democratic procedures to simulate making decisions on school, local, or state issues; and
Key skills: use procedures, decision makinguse problem-solving and decision-making processes to identify a problem, gather information, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.
Key skills: use problem-solving, evaluate solutionsexplain when, where, and why groups of people explored, colonized, and settled in the United States, including the search for religious freedom and economic gain
Key skills: Historical analysis, Causal reasoningdescribe the accomplishments of significant individuals during the colonial period, including William Bradford, Anne Hutchinson, William Penn, John Smith, and Roger Williams
Key skills: Biographical research, Historical significanceidentify and analyze the causes and effects of the American Revolution, including the Stamp Act, the Tea Act, and the Intolerable Acts
Key skills: Cause and effect, Political analysisidentify the roles of individuals such as Abigail Adams, John Adams, Samuel Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Nathan Hale, Thomas Jefferson, the Sons of Liberty, and George Washington
Key skills: Biographical analysis, Leadership rolesidentify the significance of the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the Battle of Saratoga, and the Battle of Yorktown
Key skills: Military history, Strategic significanceidentify the issues that led to the creation of the U.S. Constitution, including the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
Key skills: Political history, Constitutional analysisidentify the contributions of individuals such as James Madison and George Mason to the development of the U.S. Constitution
Key skills: Biographical research, Political theorydescribe the causes and effects of the War of 1812 such as impressment of sailors, territorial conflicts with Great Britain, and the increase in U.S. manufacturing
Key skills: Cause and effect, Economic impactidentify and explain how changes resulting from the Industrial Revolution led to conflict among sections of the United States
Key skills: Industrial history, Sectionalismidentify significant events and concepts associated with U.S. territorial expansion, including the Louisiana Purchase, the expedition of Lewis and Clark, and Manifest Destiny
Key skills: Geographic expansion, Historical conceptsexplain the central role of the expansion of slavery in causing sectionalism, disagreement over states' rights, and the Civil War
Key skills: Social history, Conflict analysisexplain the effects of the Civil War, including Reconstruction and the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the U.S. Constitution
Key skills: Constitutional law, Post-war analysisidentify the challenges, opportunities, and contributions of people from various American Indian and immigrant groups such as the settlement of the frontier
Key skills: Cultural history, Demographic analysisanalyze various issues and events of the 20th century such as World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, the Civil Rights Movement, and the Cold War
Key skills: Modern history, Global conflictidentify the accomplishments of individuals and groups such as Jane Addams, Susan B. Anthony, Dwight Eisenhower, Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and Cesar Chavez
Key skills: Social reform, Civil rightsapply geographic tools, including grid systems, legends, symbols, scales, and compass roses, to construct and interpret maps
Key skills: Map reading, Spatial analysistranslate geographic data into a variety of formats such as raw data to graphs and maps
Key skills: Data visualization, Geographic representationdescribe a variety of regions in the United States such as political, population, and economic regions that result from patterns of human activity
Key skills: Regional analysis, Human geographylocate on a map important political features such as the ten largest cities in the United States and the 50 states and their capitals
Key skills: Political geography, Map locationlocate on a map important physical features such as the Rocky Mountains, Mississippi River, and Great Lakes
Key skills: Physical geography, Landform identificationidentify and describe how people adapt to the physical environment, including the use of natural resources
Key skills: Environmental adaptation, Resource managementidentify and describe how people modify the physical environment, including the building of dams and irrigation systems
Key skills: Environmental modification, Human impactexplain the economic patterns of early European colonists
Key skills: Economic history, Colonial tradeidentify major industries of colonial America
Key skills: Industry identification, Economic developmentexplain the characteristics and benefits of the free enterprise system in the United States
Key skills: Economic systems, Capitalism conceptsdescribe how the free enterprise system works in the United States
Key skills: Market mechanics, Economic operationidentify the benefits of saving and investing
Key skills: Financial planning, Investment basicsexplain the importance of charitable giving
Key skills: Philanthropy, Social responsibilityidentify the cost of credit
Key skills: Credit analysis, Interest ratesexplain the benefits of a budget
Key skills: Budgeting, Financial managementexplain the importance of personal financial literacy
Key skills: Financial literacy, Economic independenceidentify the organization of governments in colonial America
Key skills: Political organization, Colonial governanceexplain the framework of government created by the U.S. Constitution
Key skills: Constitutional framework, Political structureidentify the three branches of government and their functions
Key skills: Branches of government, Civic knowledgeexplain the system of checks and balances
Key skills: Checks and balances, Separation of powersexplain the significance of the Bill of Rights
Key skills: Civil liberties, Constitutional rightsexplain the significance of the Declaration of Independence
Key skills: Founding documents, Political philosophyrecite and explain the meaning of the Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag
Key skills: Patriotism, Civic ritualexplain the importance of individual participation in the democratic process
Key skills: Civic engagement, Democratic participationexplain the importance of voting
Key skills: Voting rights, Civic dutyidentify the importance of effective leadership in a constitutional republic
Key skills: Leadership qualities, Republican valuesidentify important leaders in the national government
Key skills: Government leadership, Political figuresexplain the relationship between the arts and the times during which they were created
Key skills: Art history, Cultural contextdescribe the cultural impact of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups in the nation
Key skills: Cultural diversity, Social impactidentify the accomplishments of notable individuals in the fields of science and technology, including Benjamin Franklin, Eli Whitney, and Thomas Edison
Key skills: Scientific history, Innovationidentify how scientific discoveries and technological innovations have advanced the economic development of the United States
Key skills: Economic impact, Technological advancementexplain how scientific discoveries and technological innovations in medicine, communication, and transportation have benefited society
Key skills: Social benefit, Technological historypredict how future scientific discoveries and technological innovations could affect society in the United States
Key skills: Forecasting, Critical thinkingdifferentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources to acquire information about the United States
Key skills: Source evaluation, Research skillsanalyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, and summarizing
Key skills: Critical thinking, Information analysisorganize and interpret information in outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
Key skills: Data organization, Visual interpretationidentify different points of view about an issue, topic, or current event
Key skills: Perspective taking, Bias identificationidentify the historical context of an event
Key skills: Contextualization, Historical thinkinguse social studies terminology correctly
Key skills: Vocabulary usage, Academic languageincorporate main and supporting ideas in verbal and written communication
Key skills: Communication skills, Idea developmentexpress ideas orally based on research and experiences
Key skills: Oral presentation, Research communicationcreate written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, and bibliographies
Key skills: Content creation, Writing skillsuse standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation
Key skills: Writing mechanics, Language conventionsuse a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list options, and evaluate solutions
Key skills: Problem solving, Critical evaluationuse a decision-making process to identify a situation, gather information, identify options, and take action
Key skills: Decision making, Strategic thinkingtrace characteristics of various contemporary societies in regions that resulted from historical events or factors such as colonization, immigration, and trade
Key skills: Trace characteristics, Analyze historical factorsanalyze the historical background of various contemporary societies to evaluate relationships between past conflicts and current conditions
Key skills: Analyze background, Evaluate relationshipsidentify examples of individuals and groups from the past and present who have shaped contemporary societies
Key skills: Identify individuals, Identify groupsevaluate the social, political, economic, and cultural contributions of individuals and groups from various societies, past and present
Key skills: Evaluate contributions, Analyze influencelocate various contemporary societies on maps and globes using latitude and longitude to determine absolute location
Key skills: Locate societies, Use latitude/longitudeidentify and explain the geographic factors such as location, physical features, transportation corridors and barriers, and distribution of natural resources
Key skills: Identify factors, Explain controlexplain the geographic factors responsible for the location of economic activities in places and regions
Key skills: Explain location, Analyze economic activityidentify and explain the geographic factors that influence a society's ability to control territory
Key skills: Identify factors, Explain controldescribe and explain the effects of physical environmental processes such as erosion, ocean currents, and earthquakes on Earth's surface
Key skills: Describe processes, Explain effectsidentify and analyze ways people have adapted to or modified the physical environment such as through irrigation, deforestation, and mining
Key skills: Analyze adaptation, Analyze modificationdescribe ways in which the factors of production (natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs) influence the economies of various contemporary societies
Key skills: Describe factors, Analyze influenceidentify problems and issues that may arise when one or more of the factors of production is in short supply
Key skills: Identify problems, Analyze scarcityexplain the impact of the distribution of resources on international trade and economic interdependence among and within societies
Key skills: Explain impact, Analyze tradeidentify and differentiate among traditional, command, market, and mixed economies
Key skills: Identify systems, Differentiate economiesexplain the impact of scarcity on international trade and economic interdependence among and within societies
Key skills: Explain scarcity, Analyze interdependencedefine and give examples of agricultural, wholesale, retail, manufacturing, and service industries
Key skills: Define industries, Give examplesdescribe levels of economic development of various societies using indicators such as life expectancy, gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, and literacy
Key skills: Describe development, Use indicatorsidentify and describe the importance of individual and business entrepreneurship in various societies
Key skills: Identify entrepreneurship, Describe importanceidentify and describe examples of limited and unlimited governments such as constitutional (limited) and totalitarian (unlimited)
Key skills: Identify governments, Describe typesidentify and describe the reasons for limiting the power of government
Key skills: Identify reasons, Describe limitsidentify and describe examples of human rights abuses by limited or unlimited governments such as the oppression of religious, ethnic, and political groups
Key skills: Identify abuses, Describe oppressionidentify and give examples of governments with rule by one, few, or many
Key skills: Identify rule, Give examplesidentify and describe examples of national governments with different structures such as monarchy, republic, or dictatorship
Key skills: Identify structures, Describe governmentsidentify historical origins of democratic forms of government such as Ancient Greece
Key skills: Identify origins, Analyze democracydescribe roles and responsibilities of citizens in various contemporary societies, including the United States
Key skills: Describe roles, Describe responsibilitiesexplain how opportunities for citizens to participate in and influence the political process vary among various contemporary societies
Key skills: Explain participation, Analyze influenceidentify and explain the duty of civic participation in societies with representative governments
Key skills: Identify duty, Explain participationexplain the relationship among individual rights, responsibilities, duties, and freedoms in societies with representative governments
Key skills: Explain relationship, Analyze rightsidentify and describe common traits that define cultures and culture regions
Key skills: Identify traits, Describe regionsdefine of culture and the common traits or elements that unify a culture region
Key skills: Define culture, Identify elementsexplain aspects of culture such as family, religion, food, clothing, and language
Key skills: Explain aspects, Analyze cultureidentify and describe common traits that define cultures
Key skills: Identify traits, Describe cultureidentify and describe several societies that have multicultural populations
Key skills: Identify societies, Describe populationsanalyze the experiences and contributions of diverse groups to multicultural societies
Key skills: Analyze experiences, Evaluate contributionsidentify and describe examples of art, music, and literature that have transcended the boundaries of societies and convey universal themes
Key skills: Identify art, Describe themesanalyze the relationship between the arts and the societies in which they are produced
Key skills: Analyze relationship, Evaluate artsexplain the relationship among religious ideas, philosophical ideas, and culture
Key skills: Explain relationship, Analyze ideasexplain the significance of religious holidays and observances such as Christmas, Easter, Ramadan, Rosh Hashanah, Yom Kippur, Diwali, and Vaisakhi
Key skills: Explain significance, Identify holidaysidentify and describe the influence of individual and group decisions on historical and contemporary events
Key skills: Identify influence, Describe decisionsidentify examples of scientific discoveries, technological innovations, and mathematical concepts that have shaped the world
Key skills: Identify discoveries, Identify innovationsexplain how resources, belief systems, and new technologies have shaped the development of societies
Key skills: Explain influence, Analyze developmentmake predictions about future social, political, economic, and cultural impacts that may result from future scientific discoveries
Key skills: Make predictions, Analyze impactsdifferentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources such as oral, print, and visual material and artifacts
Key skills: Differentiate sources, Locate informationanalyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect relationships, comparing, contrasting, finding the main idea, and summarizing
Key skills: Analyze information, Draw conclusionsorganize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals, including graphs, charts, timelines, and maps
Key skills: Organize information, Interpret visualsidentify different points of view about an issue or current topic
Key skills: Identify points of view, Analyze issuesidentify the elements of frame of reference that influenced participants in an event
Key skills: Identify frame of reference, Analyze influenceuse appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies information such as maps and graphs
Key skills: Use math skills, Interpret datause social studies terminology correctly
Key skills: Use terminology, Communicate ideasincorporate main and supporting ideas in finished products
Key skills: Incorporate ideas, Create productsexpress ideas orally based on research and experiences
Key skills: Express ideas, Present researchcreate written and visual material such as journal entries, reports, graphic organizers, outlines, and bibliographies
Key skills: Create material, Organize researchuse standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation
Key skills: Use grammar, Apply conventionsuse proper citations to avoid plagiarism
Key skills: Use citations, Avoid plagiarismuse a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution
Key skills: Problem-solving, Evaluate solutionsuse a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, and take action
Key skills: Decision-making, Take actionuse a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, list and consider options, and evaluate the effectiveness of the solution
Key skills: Problem-solving, Evaluate solutionsuse a decision-making process to identify a situation that requires a decision, gather information, identify options, and take action
Key skills: Decision-making, Take actionIdentify the major eras in Texas history, describe their defining characteristics, and explain the purpose of dividing the past into eras.
Key skills: Identify eras, Describe characteristicsExplain the significance of the following dates: 1519, 1718, 1821, 1836, 1845, 1861, 1876, and 1901.
Key skills: Chronological reasoning, Historical significanceCompare the cultures of American Indians in Texas prior to European colonization such as Gulf, Plains, Puebloan, and Southeastern.
Key skills: Compare cultures, Analyze lifestylesIdentify important individuals, events, and issues related to European exploration of Texas such as Pineda, Cabeza de Vaca, and territorial claims.
Key skills: Identify explorers, Analyze explorationIdentify important individuals, events, and issues related to European colonization of Texas, including the establishment of Catholic missions, towns, and ranches.
Key skills: Identify colonizers, Analyze settlementIdentify the individuals, issues, and events related to Mexico becoming an independent nation and its impact on Texas.
Key skills: Identify leaders, Analyze independenceIdentify the contributions of significant individuals, including Moses Austin, Stephen F. Austin, Erasmo Seguín, and Juan N. Seguín.
Key skills: Identify empresarios, Analyze contributionsContrast Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo purposes for and methods of settlement in Texas.
Key skills: Contrast settlement, Analyze motivesDescribe the chain of events that led to the Texas Revolution, including the Fredonian Rebellion and the Law of April 6, 1830.
Key skills: Sequence events, Analyze causesExplain the roles played by significant individuals during the Texas Revolution, including George Childress, Sam Houston, and Santa Anna.
Key skills: Identify leaders, Explain rolesExplain the issues surrounding significant events of the Texas Revolution, including the Battle of Gonzales, the Alamo, and San Jacinto.
Key skills: Explain events, Analyze conflictIdentify individuals, events, and issues during the administrations of Republic of Texas Presidents Sam Houston, Mirabeau Lamar, and Anson Jones.
Key skills: Identify leaders, Analyze issuesAnalyze the causes of and events leading to Texas annexation.
Key skills: Analyze causes, Explain annexationIdentify individuals, events, and issues during early Texas statehood, including the U.S.-Mexican War and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo.
Key skills: Identify events, Analyze statehoodExplain reasons for the involvement of Texas in the Civil War such as states' rights, slavery, sectionalism, and tariffs.
Key skills: Explain causes, Analyze conflictAnalyze the political, economic, and social effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction in Texas.
Key skills: Analyze effects, Evaluate impactIdentify significant individuals and events concerning Texas and the Civil War, including John Bell Hood and the Battle of Galveston.
Key skills: Identify leaders, Identify battlesIdentify significant individuals, events, and issues from Reconstruction through the beginning of the 20th century.
Key skills: Identify individuals, Analyze expansionIdentify significant individuals, events, and issues from the 19th century, including the development of the cattle industry.
Key skills: Identify industries, Analyze cultureExplain the political, economic, and social impact of the cattle industry and the development of railroads.
Key skills: Explain impact, Analyze growthExplain the political, economic, and social impact of the agricultural industry and the development of the Grange and Populist movements.
Key skills: Explain impact, Analyze movementsExplain the political, economic, and social impact of the oil industry on the industrialization of Texas.
Key skills: Explain impact, Analyze industryDefine and trace the impact of 'boom-and-bust' cycles of leading Texas industries throughout the 20th and early 21st centuries.
Key skills: Define cycles, Trace impactDescribe and compare the impact of the Progressive and other reform movements in Texas in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Key skills: Describe movements, Compare impactAnalyze the political, economic, and social impact of major events, including World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II.
Key skills: Analyze impact, Evaluate eventsAnalyze the political, economic, and social impact of the Civil Rights movement in Texas.
Key skills: Analyze impact, Identify leadersAnalyze the political, economic, and social impact of contemporary Texas, including the role of political parties.
Key skills: Analyze impact, Identify leadersCreate and interpret thematic maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases representing various aspects of Texas.
Key skills: Create maps, Interpret dataAnalyze and interpret geographic distributions and patterns in Texas during the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.
Key skills: Analyze patterns, Interpret geographyAnalyze the effects of physical and human factors such as climate, weather, and landforms on major events in Texas.
Key skills: Analyze factors, Evaluate impactLocate the Mountains and Basins, Great Plains, North Central Plains, and Coastal Plains regions and places of importance.
Key skills: Locate regions, Identify landmarksCompare places and regions of Texas in terms of physical and human characteristics.
Key skills: Compare regions, Analyze characteristicsIdentify ways in which Texans have adapted to and modified the environment and analyze the consequences.
Key skills: Identify adaptation, Analyze consequencesExplain ways in which geographic factors have affected the political, economic, and social development of Texas.
Key skills: Explain factors, Analyze developmentExplain economic factors and their impact on major events in Texas history.
Key skills: Explain factors, Analyze impactIdentify the impact of the free enterprise system on the development of Texas.
Key skills: Identify impact, Analyze systemExplain the impact of American occupations on the Texas economy.
Key skills: Explain impact, Analyze occupationsAnalyze the impact of significant industries, including oil and gas, agricultural, and high-tech, on various markets.
Key skills: Analyze impact, Identify industriesIdentify the structure and functions of government at municipal, county, and state levels.
Key skills: Identify structure, Explain functionsIdentify the sources of revenue used to fund municipal, county, and state governments.
Key skills: Identify revenue, Analyze fundingExplain the influence of the U.S. Constitution on the Texas Constitution.
Key skills: Explain influence, Compare constitutionsDescribe the structure and functions of the Texas government, including the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
Key skills: Describe structure, Explain branchesExplain the rights of Texas citizens as guaranteed by the Texas Constitution and the Bill of Rights.
Key skills: Explain rights, Identify guaranteesExplain the responsibilities of Texas citizens, including voting, serving on a jury, and paying taxes.
Key skills: Explain responsibilities, Identify dutiesIdentify the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of Texas, past and present.
Key skills: Identify qualities, Analyze leadershipIdentify the contributions of Texas leaders such as Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Barbara Jordan, and Sam Rayburn.
Key skills: Identify leaders, Analyze contributionsExplain the importance of the democratic process, including the role of political parties and interest groups.
Key skills: Explain process, Analyze rolesExplain the importance of civic participation, including the role of the individual in the democratic process.
Key skills: Explain participation, Analyze rolesExplain how the diversity of Texas is reflected in its cultural activities, celebrations, and contributions to the arts.
Key skills: Explain diversity, Analyze cultureDescribe how people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups have maintained their cultural heritage.
Key skills: Describe heritage, Analyze adaptationIdentify examples of Spanish influence and the influence of other cultures on Texas.
Key skills: Identify influence, Analyze cultureCompare types and uses of technology, past and present.
Key skills: Compare technology, Analyze usesIdentify Texas leaders in science and technology such as Michael DeBakey and Michael Dell.
Key skills: Identify leaders, Analyze contributionsAnalyze the effects of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the development of Texas.
Key skills: Analyze effects, Evaluate impactDifferentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources to acquire information about Texas.
Key skills: Differentiate sources, Locate informationAnalyze information by sequencing, categorizing, identifying cause-and-effect, and drawing inferences.
Key skills: Analyze information, Draw conclusionsOrganize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals.
Key skills: Organize data, Interpret visualsIdentify points of view from the historical context surrounding an event.
Key skills: Identify perspective, Analyze contextSupport a point of view on a social studies issue or event.
Key skills: Support viewpoint, Analyze issuesIdentify bias in written, oral, and visual material.
Key skills: Identify bias, Evaluate materialEvaluate the validity of a source based on language, corroboration, and author information.
Key skills: Evaluate validity, Corroborate sourcesUse social studies terminology correctly.
Key skills: Use terminology, Communicate ideasUse standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, punctuation, and proper citation of sources.
Key skills: Use grammar, Cite sourcesTransfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical.
Key skills: Transfer data, Create visualsUse a problem-solving process to identify a problem, gather information, and implement a solution.
Key skills: Problem solving, Implement solutionsUse a decision-making process to identify a situation, gather information, and take action.
Key skills: Decision making, Predict consequencesIdentify the major eras and events in U.S. history through 1877, including colonization, revolution, drafting of the Declaration of Independence, and Reconstruction.
Key skills: Identify eras, Describe causes/effectsApply absolute and relative chronology through the sequencing of significant individuals, events, and time periods.
Key skills: Chronological sequencing, Historical timingExplain the significance of the following dates: 1607, 1620, 1776, 1787, 1803, and 1861-1865.
Key skills: Date significance, Historical milestonesIdentify reasons for English, Spanish, and French exploration and colonization of North America.
Key skills: Identify reasons, Compare explorationCompare political, economic, religious, and social reasons for the establishment of the 13 English colonies.
Key skills: Compare motivations, Colonial establishmentExplain the reasons for the growth of representative government and institutions during the colonial period.
Key skills: Explain growth, Representative governmentAnalyze the importance of the Mayflower Compact, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the Virginia House of Burgesses.
Key skills: Analyze documents, Self-government foundationsDescribe how religion and virtue contributed to the growth of representative government in the American colonies.
Key skills: Describe religious impact, Civic virtueAnalyze causes of the American Revolution, including the Proclamation of 1763, the Intolerable Acts, and British economic policies.
Key skills: Analyze causes, Revolutionary triggersExplain the roles played by significant individuals during the American Revolution.
Key skills: Explain roles, Historical figuresExplain the issues surrounding important events of the American Revolution, including declaring independence and major battles.
Key skills: Explain events, Revolutionary battlesAnalyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, including the Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise.
Key skills: Analyze compromises, Constitutional issuesAnalyze the arguments for and against ratification of the Constitution.
Key skills: Analyze arguments, Ratification debateDescribe major domestic problems faced by the leaders of the new republic.
Key skills: Describe problems, Early republic leadershipExplain the effects of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793.
Key skills: Explain effects, Legislative impactSummarize arguments regarding protective tariffs, taxation, and the banking system.
Key skills: Summarize arguments, Economic policyExplain the origin and development of American political parties.
Key skills: Explain origins, Political party developmentExplain the causes, important events, and effects of the War of 1812.
Key skills: Explain causes/effects, War of 1812Explain the impact of the election of Andrew Jackson, including expanded suffrage and the spoils system.
Key skills: Explain impact, Jacksonian DemocracyAnalyze federal and state Indian policies and the removal and resettlement of Cherokee Indians.
Key skills: Analyze policies, Indian removalExplain how the Northwest Ordinance established principles and procedures for orderly expansion of the United States.
Key skills: Explain expansion, Northwest OrdinanceExplain the political, economic, and social roots of Manifest Destiny.
Key skills: Explain roots, Manifest DestinyAnalyze the relationship between the concept of Manifest Destiny and the westward growth of the nation.
Key skills: Analyze relationship, Westward growthExplain the causes and effects of the U.S.-Mexican War and their impact on the United States.
Key skills: Explain causes/effects, U.S.-Mexican WarIdentify areas that were acquired to form the United States, including the Louisiana Purchase and the Mexican Cession.
Key skills: Identify acquisitions, Territorial growthAnalyze the impact of tariff policies on sections of the United States before the Civil War.
Key skills: Analyze impact, SectionalismCompare the effects of political, economic, and social factors on slaves and free blacks.
Key skills: Compare effects, Slavery and freedomAnalyze the impact of slavery on different sections of the United States.
Key skills: Analyze impact, Slavery's roleIdentify the provisions and compare the effects of congressional conflicts and compromises prior to the Civil War.
Key skills: Identify provisions, Compare compromisesExplain the roles played by significant individuals during the Civil War.
Key skills: Explain roles, Civil War figuresExplain the causes of the Civil War, including sectionalism, states' rights, and slavery.
Key skills: Explain causes, Civil War originsExplain the significance of the following Civil War events: firing on Fort Sumter, battles of Antietam, Gettysburg, and Vicksburg.
Key skills: Explain significance, Civil War battlesAnalyze Abraham Lincoln's ideas about liberty, equality, union, and government as contained in his first and second inaugural addresses.
Key skills: Analyze ideas, Lincoln's speechesEvaluate legislative reform programs of the Radical Reconstruction Congress and reconstructed state governments.
Key skills: Evaluate reforms, Reconstruction legislationExplain the economic, political, and social problems during Reconstruction and evaluate their impact on different groups.
Key skills: Explain problems, Reconstruction impactExplain the effects of the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments.
Key skills: Explain effects, Reconstruction amendmentsLocate places and regions of importance in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Key skills: Locate places, Map skillsCompare places and regions of the United States in terms of physical and human characteristics.
Key skills: Compare regions, Physical/human traitsAnalyze the effects of physical and human geographic factors on major historical events and development of the United States.
Key skills: Analyze effects, Geographic influenceAnalyze how physical characteristics of the environment influenced population distribution and settlement patterns.
Key skills: Analyze influence, Settlement patternsDescribe the positive and negative consequences of human modification of the physical environment of the United States.
Key skills: Describe consequences, Environmental modificationDescribe how different immigrant groups interacted with the environment in the United States.
Key skills: Describe interaction, Immigrant environmentIdentify economic differences among different regions of the United States.
Key skills: Identify differences, Regional economicsExplain reasons for the development of the plantation system, the transatlantic slave trade, and the spread of slavery.
Key skills: Explain development, Plantation systemExplain the reasons for the increase in factories and quantity of goods in the Northeast.
Key skills: Explain growth, IndustrializationAnalyze the causes and effects of economic differences among different regions of the United States at selected times.
Key skills: Analyze causes/effects, Economic sectionalismExplain why a free enterprise system of economics developed in the new nation.
Key skills: Explain development, Free enterpriseDescribe the characteristics and the benefits of the U.S. free enterprise system during the 18th and 19th centuries.
Key skills: Describe characteristics, Economic benefitsExplain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the steamboat, the cotton gin, and interchangeable parts.
Key skills: Explain effects, Technological innovationAnalyze how technological innovations changed the way goods were manufactured and marketed, nationally and internationally.
Key skills: Analyze change, Manufacturing/marketingAnalyze how technological innovations brought about economic growth.
Key skills: Analyze growth, Economic impactIdentify the influence of ideas from historic documents, including the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights, on the U.S. system of government.
Key skills: Identify influence, Founding documentsSummarize the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Key skills: Summarize traits, Articles of ConfederationIdentify colonial grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence and explain how they were addressed in the U.S. Constitution.
Key skills: Identify grievances, Constitutional solutionsAnalyze how the U.S. Constitution reflects the principles of limited government, republicanism, checks and balances, federalism, and separation of powers.
Key skills: Analyze principles, Constitutional structureSummarize the purposes for and process of amending the U.S. Constitution.
Key skills: Summarize purpose, Amendment processDescribe the impact of the 19th-century amendments, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments, on life in the United States.
Key skills: Describe impact, Civil rights amendmentsSummarize the issues, decisions, and significance of landmark Supreme Court cases, including Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland.
Key skills: Summarize cases, Judicial reviewExplain the origin and significance of judicial review.
Key skills: Explain origin, Judicial reviewIdentify the origin of and describe historical conflicts arising over the issue of states' rights.
Key skills: Identify origin, States' rights conflictsCompare the arguments of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
Key skills: Compare arguments, Federalist debateDefine and give examples of unalienable rights.
Key skills: Define rights, Unalienable rightsSummarize rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights.
Key skills: Summarize rights, Bill of RightsExplain the importance of personal responsibilities, including obeying laws, serving on a jury, and voting.
Key skills: Explain importance, Civic responsibilitiesIdentify examples of responsible citizenship, including obeying rules and laws and voting.
Key skills: Identify examples, Responsible citizenshipExplain the role of significant individuals in the development of self-government in colonial America.
Key skills: Explain role, Self-governmentAnalyze how the Bill of Rights protects individuals.
Key skills: Analyze protection, Individual rightsExplain the role of significant individuals such as Thomas Hooker and William Penn in the development of self-government.
Key skills: Explain role, Colonial leadersEvaluate the contributions of the Founding Fathers as models of civic virtue.
Key skills: Evaluate contributions, Civic virtueAnalyze reasons for and the impact of selected examples of civil disobedience in U.S. history.
Key skills: Analyze reasons, Civil disobedienceIdentify different points of view of political parties and interest groups on important historical issues.
Key skills: Identify viewpoints, Political perspectivesDescribe the importance of free speech and press in a constitutional republic.
Key skills: Describe importance, First Amendment rightsSummarize a historical event in which compromise resulted in a peaceful resolution.
Key skills: Summarize event, Conflict resolutionAnalyze the leadership qualities of elected and appointed leaders of the United States.
Key skills: Analyze leadership, Civic qualitiesDescribe the contributions of significant political, social, and military leaders of the United States.
Key skills: Describe contributions, Historical leadershipIdentify selected racial, ethnic, and religious groups that settled in the United States and explain their reasons for immigration.
Key skills: Identify groups, Immigration reasonsExplain the relationship between urbanization and conflicts, which resulted from differences in religion, social class, and political beliefs.
Key skills: Explain relationship, Urban conflictIdentify ways conflicts between people from various racial, ethnic, and religious groups were resolved.
Key skills: Identify resolution, Cultural conflictAnalyze the contributions of people of various racial, ethnic, and religious groups to our national identity.
Key skills: Analyze contributions, National identityIdentify the political, social, and economic contributions of women to American society.
Key skills: Identify contributions, Women's historyDescribe the historical development of the abolitionist movement.
Key skills: Describe development, AbolitionismEvaluate the impact of reform movements, including educational reform, temperance, and the women's rights movement.
Key skills: Evaluate impact, Reform movementsTrace the development of religious freedom in the United States.
Key skills: Trace development, Religious freedomDescribe religious motivation for immigration and influence on social movements.
Key skills: Describe motivation, Religious influenceAnalyze the impact of the First Amendment guarantees of religious freedom on the American way of life.
Key skills: Analyze impact, First AmendmentIdentify examples of how industrialization changed life in the United States.
Key skills: Identify changes, Industrialization impactDescribe the development of the free enterprise system and its relationship to technological innovations.
Key skills: Describe development, Technology/EconomyAnalyze how technological innovations changed the way goods were manufactured and marketed.
Key skills: Analyze change, Market innovationExplain the effects of technological and scientific innovations such as the telegraph and the transcontinental railroad.
Key skills: Explain effects, Communication/TransportAnalyze the impact of transportation and communication systems on the growth of the country.
Key skills: Analyze impact, National growthAnalyze how technological innovations brought about economic growth.
Key skills: Analyze growth, Economic technologyExplain the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on daily life.
Key skills: Explain impact, Daily life technologyAnalyze the impact of scientific discoveries and technological innovations on the environment.
Key skills: Analyze impact, Environmental technologyExplain how scientific discoveries and technological innovations changed the human-environment interaction.
Key skills: Explain change, Human-environmentDifferentiate between, locate, and use valid primary and secondary sources.
Key skills: Source differentiation, Research skillsAnalyze information by applying absolute and relative chronology.
Key skills: Analyze information, Chronological thinkingOrganize and interpret information from outlines, reports, databases, and visuals.
Key skills: Organize data, Interpret visualsIdentify bias and points of view created by the historical context surrounding an event.
Key skills: Identify bias, Point of viewSupport a point of view on a social studies issue or event.
Key skills: Support viewpoint, Evidence-based argumentEvaluate the validity of a source based on corroboration with other sources.
Key skills: Evaluate validity, CorroborationUse social studies terminology correctly.
Key skills: Use terminology, Academic vocabularyUse standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.
Key skills: Standard grammar, Writing mechanicsCreate written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.
Key skills: Create presentations, Communication skillsUse technology to create, cause, and present social studies information.
Key skills: Use technology, Digital presentationUse social studies terminology correctly.
Key skills: Use terminology, Correct usageUse standard grammar, spelling, sentence structure, and punctuation.
Key skills: Writing skills, GrammarTransfer information from one medium to another.
Key skills: Transfer data, Media literacyCreate written, oral, and visual presentations of social studies information.
Key skills: Create presentations, CommunicationUse a problem-solving process to identify a problem and implement a solution.
Key skills: Problem solving, Decision makingUse a decision-making process to identify a situation and implement a decision.
Key skills: Decision making, Action planningAnalyze the effects of industrialization on American society, including the growth of railroads, the rise of big business, and the impact of labor unions.
Key skills: Historical analysis, Cause and effectEvaluate the impact of the Progressive Era on American society, including the role of muckrakers, the expansion of voting rights, and the regulation of big business.
Key skills: Evaluation, Historical contextIdentify the causes of the Spanish-American War and the impact of the war on the United States' role as a world power.
Key skills: Identification, Global impactAnalyze the causes of World War I and the reasons for U.S. entry into the war.
Key skills: Causal analysis, Historical reasoningAnalyze the causes and effects of the Great Depression, including the impact of the stock market crash and the role of the New Deal.
Key skills: Economic analysis, Historical impactAnalyze the causes of World War II and the reasons for U.S. involvement in the war.
Key skills: Historical analysis, Global conflictAnalyze the causes and effects of the Cold War, including the impact of the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the Korean War.
Key skills: Geopolitical analysis, Historical contextAnalyze the impact of the Civil Rights Movement on American society, including the role of key individuals and organizations.
Key skills: Social analysis, Historical impactAnalyze the impact of geographic factors on major events and eras in U.S. history.
Key skills: Geographic analysis, Spatial reasoningAnalyze the role of the U.S. free enterprise system in the development of the United States.
Key skills: Economic analysis, System evaluationAnalyze the impact of constitutional issues on American society, including the role of the Supreme Court.
Key skills: Legal analysis, Constitutional reasoningAnalyze the importance of voluntary individual participation in a constitutional republic.
Key skills: Civic engagement, Social responsibilityDescribe the relationship between the arts and popular culture and the times during which they were created.
Key skills: Cultural analysis, Historical contextAnalyze the impact of technological innovations on American life.
Key skills: Technological analysis, Social impactUse primary and secondary sources to analyze historical events and issues.
Key skills: Source analysis, Critical thinkingIdentify the major causes and effects of the development of river valley civilizations.
Key skills: Identification, Historical developmentAnalyze the impact of the Classical Era on world history, including the contributions of Greece and Rome.
Key skills: Historical analysis, Cultural impactAnalyze the causes and effects of the Post-classical Era, including the rise of Islam and the impact of the Crusades.
Key skills: Historical reasoning, Global connectionsAnalyze the impact of the Age of Revolutions on world history, including the American and French Revolutions.
Key skills: Political analysis, Historical impactAnalyze the causes and effects of the 20th Century to the Present, including the impact of World War I and World War II.
Key skills: Global conflict, Historical analysisAnalyze the physical processes that shape patterns in the physical environment.
Key skills: Physical analysis, Geographic reasoningAnalyze the political, economic, and social processes that shape cultural patterns of regions.
Key skills: Cultural analysis, Regional studyAnalyze the distribution and movement of the world population.
Key skills: Demographic analysis, Spatial patternsAnalyze the principles and beliefs upon which the United States was founded.
Key skills: Foundational analysis, Political theoryAnalyze the structure, functions, and powers of government at the national, state, and local levels.
Key skills: Structural analysis, Civic knowledgeAnalyze the interaction of supply, demand, and price in a free enterprise system.
Key skills: Market analysis, Economic reasoningAnalyze the role of the Federal Reserve System and other financial institutions in the U.S. economy.
Key skills: Financial analysis, System evaluationThe TEKS are organized into 'Knowledge and Skills' statements (broad goals) and 'Student Expectations' (specific, measurable objectives). In Texas, school districts are required to provide instruction for 100% of the TEKS for each subject. Teachers often use 'Vertical Alignment' documents to see how a skill builds from Kindergarten through Grade 12.
Historically, these standards were assessed by the Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS) until 2011. They are currently assessed by the State of Texas Assessments of Academic Readiness (STAAR). High school students must pass five End-of-Course (EOC) assessments: English I, English II, Algebra I, Biology, and U.S. History to graduate.
This standard was generated using AI with grounded search to find official, accurate information. While we strive for accuracy, please verify important details with official sources.
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