The student will apply knowledge of how print is organized and read.

Follow words from left to right and from top to bottom on a printed page, including the return sweep from line to line.

Demonstrate knowledge of a sentence, word, and letter.

Demonstrate knowledge that spoken words are represented in print and separated by spaces.

Identify the author and illustrator of a text and define the role of each.

Identify the front cover, back cover and title of a text.

Recognize the distinguishing features of a sentence (e.g., first word, capitalization, ending punctuation).

The student will orally identify and produce various phonemes within words to develop phonemic awareness in support of decoding and encoding.

Demonstrate ability to segment spoken words in sentences and syllables in words.

Blend and segment one syllable words by onset and rime.

Isolate the initial, medial, and final sounds in three phoneme words (excluding words ending with /l/, /r/, or /x/).

Demonstrate ability to segment and blend one syllable words with two, three, and four phonemes.

The student will apply phonetic principles to read and spell words.

Identify capital and lowercase letters of the alphabet.

Identify the most common sound for each of the 26 letters.

Identify the letter-sound correspondences for long and short vowel sounds.

Identify the letter-sound correspondences for consonant digraphs (e.g., ch, sh, th, wh).

Demonstrate knowledge of letter-sound correspondences to blend CV, CVC, VC words.

Decode (read) and encode (spell) words with short vowels, including words beginning or ending in a digraph.

Use letter-sound correspondences to read grade-level high frequency words, including decodable and irregular words.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading and listening to a range of texts.

Use knowledge of letter-sound correspondences to read and reread controlled decodable sentences and texts.

With prompting and support, draw several pieces of evidence from read-alouds to support claims, conclusions, or inferences.

Regularly engage in listening to a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge.

The student will systematically build vocabulary and word knowledge based on kindergarten content and texts heard.

Discuss meanings of words from a variety of texts and experiences.

Ask questions about words not understood.

Use vocabulary from across content areas.

Identify the purpose of simple reference materials (e.g., pictures, dictionary, digital dictionary).

Increase and develop breadth of vocabulary knowledge by listening to high quality, complex text.

Use newly learned words and phrases in discussions and speaking activities.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from a variety of literary texts heard.

With prompting and support, use background (content) knowledge and make connections to what is read.

With prompting and support, demonstrate knowledge of story structure by orally identifying characters, setting, important events, and details.

With prompting and support, orally re-tell a familiar story in sequential order (beginning, middle, end).

With prompting and support, generate predictions about story characters and events using the text.

The student will integrate knowledge and ideas from literary texts.

With prompting and support, describe the relationship between illustrations and the story in which they appear.

With prompting and support, compare and contrast characters, plot events, or settings between two familiar stories.

With prompting and support, monitor listening comprehension.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from a variety of informational texts heard.

With prompting and support, ask and answer literal (who, what, when, where) or inferential (why, how) questions about what is read.

With prompting and support, identify the main topic and key details of a text.

With prompting and support, identify the purpose of common text features: table of contents, headings, bolded words, and pictures.

The student will integrate knowledge and ideas from informational texts.

With prompting and support, identify basic similarities in and differences between two texts on the same topic.

With prompting and support, describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text.

The student will print legibly in manuscript.

Use functional pencil grasp for letter formation.

Accurately and automatically print capital and lowercase letters of the alphabet independently.

Write left to right and top to bottom.

Accurately print first and last names, beginning each with a capital letter.

Apply spaces between written words in phrase or sentence level writing.

The student will apply phonetic principles to spell words.

Encode (spell) one syllable words with short vowels and one syllable words beginning or ending in a digraph.

Encode (spell) unknown words using logical invented spelling.

With prompting and support, use phoneme/grapheme correspondences to spell grade-level high-frequency words with accuracy.

The student will write in a variety of forms, linked to kindergarten content and texts.

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose narrative stories in sequential order.

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose descriptive writing that identifies a topic and provides details.

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to write in response to texts heard.

With guidance and support, use prewriting activities, including drawing and suggestions from peers to generate ideas and plan writing.

Identifying the audience and purpose of the writing.

Composing or dictating simple sentences that include a subject (noun) and predicate (verb) focused on the topic.

The student will demonstrate the ability to find and use information on a topic.

With prompting and support, generate a question or topic for research.

With prompting and support, find information on the topic from pictures, texts, people or provided sources.

With prompting and support, use drawing, writing, or dictation to record facts and information.

The student will use standard English grammar when speaking and writing.

Use nouns (singular and plural) in speaking and writing.

Use verbs to locate specific actions.

Use pronouns (e.g., I, me, my, you, your).

Use frequently occurring adjectives.

Use frequently occurring prepositions (e.g., to, from, in, out, on, off, for, of, by, with).

The student will use standard English mechanics when writing.

With guidance and support, begin each sentence with a capital letter and capitalize the pronoun I.

Recognize and name end punctuation.

Write a letter or letters for most consonant and short-vowel sounds (phonemes).

The student will demonstrate effective communication skills through listening and collaboration.

Listen actively and speak using agreed-upon rules for discussion.

Follow one- and two-step directions.

Take turns in conversations and stay on topic.

Expressing ideas and needs in complete sentences.

The student will present information and ideas orally.

Describe personal experiences using complete sentences.

Speak audibly with appropriate pacing, prosody, and voice level.

Follow words from left to right and from top to bottom on a printed page, including the return sweep from line to line.

Demonstrate knowledge of a sentence, word, and letter.

Demonstrate knowledge that spoken words are represented in print and separated by spaces.

Identify the author and illustrator of a text and define the role of each.

Identify the front cover, back cover and title of a text.

Recognize the distinguishing features of a sentence (e.g., first word, capitalization, ending punctuation).

Isolate sounds in four and five phoneme words.

Demonstrate ability to blend words with four and five phonemes, including words with consonant digraphs and consonant blends.

Demonstrate the ability to segment words with four and five phonemes, including words with consonant digraphs and consonant blends.

Decode and encode words with short vowels to include blends with digraphs, closed syllables (CVC, CCVC, CVCC, CCVCC).

Decode and encode words with long vowels in the vowel-consonant-e (VCe) pattern.

Decode and encode words with common vowel teams and r-controlled vowels.

Decode multisyllabic words following basic patterns by breaking the words into syllables.

Read grade-level high-frequency words, including decodable and irregular words with automaticity and accuracy.

Write grade-level high-frequency words with automaticity and accuracy.

Use knowledge of letter-sound correspondences to read a variety of decodable and grade-level texts with accuracy, automaticity, and expression.

With prompting and support, draw several pieces of evidence from read-alouds to support claims, conclusions, and inferences.

Regularly engage in listening to a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Discuss meanings of words in context from a variety of texts.

Identify antonyms and synonyms of familiar words to deepen understanding of word meaning and relationships.

Ask for the meaning of unknown words and make connections to familiar words.

Use vocabulary across content areas.

Determine the meaning of an unknown word using frequently occurring root words and inflectional affixes (e.g. -s, -ing, -ed).

Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs and adjectives.

Identify the purpose of simple reference materials (e.g. picture dictionary, digital dictionary).

Increase and develop breadth of vocabulary knowledge by listening to high quality, complex text.

Use newly learned words and phrases in discussions and speaking activities.

Retell familiar stories sequentially and demonstrate an understanding of the story structure, the central message or lesson, and the details.

Identify the elements of a familiar story, including the characters, setting, and important events (e.g., conflict and resolution).

Ask and answer literal (who, what, when, where) or inferential (how, why) questions about what is read.

Generate predictions about story characters and events using the text.

Set a purpose for reading by providing a guiding question, activating prior (experience) and background (content) knowledge.

Make connections between characters, settings, and major events in stories heard, using key details.

Compare and contrast the adventures or experiences of characters in stories heard, using key details.

Ask and answer literal (who, what, when, where) and inferential (why, how) questions about what is read, including main topics.

Identify the main idea and supporting details of a text.

Explain the difference between facts and opinions in a text.

Identify and use common text features to gain information: table of contents, headings, bolded words, pictures, captions, and diagrams.

Distinguish between information provided by pictures or other illustrations and information provided by the words in a text.

Identify basic similarities in and differences between two texts on the same topic.

Describe the connection between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in a text.

Use functional pencil grasp for letter formation.

Accurately and automatically form all capital and lowercase letters and numbers using manuscript letter formation.

Accurately and automatically apply spaces between written words in phrases or sentence-level writing.

Use phoneme-grapheme correspondence to encode single-syllable words containing closed, open, and VCe syllables.

Encode (spell) 2-syllable words following basic patterns by breaking the words into syllables.

Encode (spell) unfamiliar words by recognizing and applying taught word patterns.

Use phoneme/grapheme correspondences to encode (spell) grade-level high-frequency words with automaticity and accuracy.

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to recount two or more sequenced events or experiences and include details.

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose informative/expository texts that name a topic and supply facts.

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing to compose opinion pieces that state an opinion and supply a reason.

Use a combination of drawing, dictating, and writing about text(s) read or heard to share thinking with supporting details.

With guidance and support, use a variety of prewriting activities to generate ideas and draft writing or dictation.

Identifying the audience and purpose of the writing (e.g., letters, stories, journals, etc.).

Composing a series of simple sentences focused on the topic, including subject/predicate and descriptive adjectives.

With guidance and support from adults, edit writing for conventions (e.g., spelling, capitalization, usage, punctuation).

Produce and expand simple sentences, including a noun, verb, and adjective.

Form regular plural nouns orally by adding 's' or 'es' sound.

Use personal and possessive pronouns to represent nouns.

Use frequently occurring adjectives to describe specific objects (quantity, size, age, shape, color, or location).

Form and use simple verb tenses (past, present, and future) for regular verbs.

Use proper verb tense and correct subject-verb agreement.

Use articles correctly (e.g., a, an, the).

Use interrogatives to ask questions in complete sentences (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how).

Capitalize the first word in a sentence, proper nouns, and the pronoun I.

Identify statements and questions and use correct ending punctuation (e.g., period, question mark, and exclamation points).

Use conventional spelling of words with commonly taught spelling patterns and for frequently occurring irregular words.

Participate in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) on grade one topics and texts.

Listening actively and following agreed-upon rules for participating in discussions.

Respectfully building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.

Asking questions to seek help, get information, or clarify information for further understanding.

Expressing ideas and needs in complete sentences.

Describe people, places, things, and events with relevant details and using appropriate vocabulary.

Speak audibly with appropriate pacing, prosody, and voice level.

Participate in a variety of oral language activities, including choral speaking and recitation of short poems, rhymes, and songs.

Retell a story that has been read or heard with the beginning, middle, and end of the story.

With prompting and support, generate research questions related to a given topic.

Locate and collect information related to the given topic from pictures, texts, people, or provided sources.

Use templates to organize the information collected (e.g., charts, graphs).

Use drawing, writing, or dictation to record facts and information collected from research.

In small or large group settings, informally share recorded information collected from research.

Print Concepts: The student will apply knowledge of how print is organized and read.

Follow words from left to right and from top to bottom on a printed page, including the return sweep from line to line.

Demonstrate knowledge of a sentence, word, and letter.

Demonstrate knowledge that spoken words are represented in print and separated by spaces.

Identify the author and illustrator of a text and define the role of each.

Identify the front cover, back cover and title of a text.

Recognize the distinguishing features of a sentence (e.g., first word, capitalization, ending punctuation).

Phonological and Phonemic Awareness: The student will orally identify and produce various phonemes within words to develop phonemic awareness.

Isolate sounds in four and five phoneme words.

Demonstrate the ability to blend words with four and five phonemes, including words with consonant digraphs and consonant blends.

Demonstrate the ability to segment words with four and five phonemes, including words with consonant digraphs and consonant blends.

Phonics and Word Analysis: The student will apply phonetic principles to read and spell words.

Decode and encode words with short vowels to include blends, digraphs, and trigraphs in closed and open syllables.

Decode and encode words with vowel teams and r-controlled vowels.

Use knowledge of syllabication and syllable types to decode words.

Use knowledge of affixes (e.g., suffixes, prefixes) to decode words.

Read grade-level high frequency words, including decodable and irregular words, with automaticity and accuracy.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading and listening to a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level text with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression.

Proficiently read and comprehend texts from a variety of literary forms that exhibit complexity at the lower range of the grades 2-3 band.

When responding to text through discussion and/or writing, draw several pieces of evidence from read-alouds and grade-level texts.

Regularly engage in listening to a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Vocabulary Development and Word Analysis: The student will systematically build vocabulary and word knowledge.

Discuss meanings of new words or phrases acquired through conversations and literature.

Use vocabulary across content areas.

Determine the meaning of an unknown word using frequently occurring root words and inflectional affixes.

Use the context of a sentence to apply knowledge of homophones.

Apply knowledge of morphology, synonyms, and antonyms to determine the meaning of new words.

Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs and adjectives.

Develop breadth of vocabulary knowledge by listening to and reading high quality, complex text.

Use newly learned words and phrases in discussions and speaking activities.

Key Ideas and Plot Details: The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from literary texts.

Ask and answer questions (who, what, where, when, how, and why) to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.

Recount stories, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, and determine their central message, lesson, or moral.

Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges.

Use information from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot.

Key Ideas and Confirming Details: The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension from informational texts.

Ask and answer literal and inferential questions (who, what, where, when, how, and why) about key details in a text.

Retell key details of texts that demonstrate an understanding of the main topics of texts.

Differentiate facts from opinions within a text.

Craft and Style: The student will analyze how an author uses language and structure in informational texts.

Use text features (table of contents, headings, pictures, captions, maps, and charts) to preview, set a purpose for reading and gain information.

Identify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe.

Integration of Concepts: The student will integrate knowledge and ideas from informational texts.

Use prior (experience) and background (content) knowledge as context for new learning.

Compare and contrast the most important points presented by two texts on the same topic.

Describe the interactions between two individuals, events, ideas, or pieces of information in texts.

Handwriting: The student will print legibly in manuscript and cursive.

Maintain legible printing and begin to make the transition to cursive.

Begin to write capital and lowercase letters of the alphabet in cursive.

Begin to sign his/her first and last names.

Spelling: The student will apply grade level word knowledge to spell words correctly.

Use phoneme-grapheme correspondence to encode single-syllable words containing closed, open, vowel-consonant-e, vowel teams, and r-controlled vowels.

Use phoneme-grapheme (sound/symbol) correspondence to encode (spell) multisyllabic words.

Use phoneme/grapheme (sound/symbol) correspondences to encode (spell) words with inflectional endings.

Modes and Purposes for Writing: The student will write in a variety of forms for diverse audiences and purposes.

Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic, state an opinion, and provide reasons that support the opinion.

Write informative/explanatory texts in which they introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points.

Write narratives in which they recount a well-elaborated event or short sequence of events, include details to describe actions, thoughts, and feelings.

Write in response to texts.

Organization and Composition: The student will apply the writing process to produce clear and coherent writing.

Generating ideas.

Drafting.

Developing, selecting, and organizing ideas and details relevant to the topic, purpose, and genre.

Providing a concluding statement or section.

Usage and Mechanics: The student will apply conventions of Standard English.

With guidance and support from adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by revising for quality of ideas, organization, sentence fluency, and word choice.

With guidance and support from adults, edit writing for conventions (e.g., spelling, capitalization, usage, punctuation).

Grammar: The student will use conventions of Standard English when speaking and writing.

Produce and expand complete sentences, both simple and compound.

Use indefinite (e.g., anybody, anything) reflexive (e.g., yourself, herself) pronouns.

Form and use regular and frequently occurring irregular plural nouns (e.g., men, teeth).

Use frequently occurring conjunctions to signal simple relationships (e.g., and, but, or, so, because).

Use proper verb tense, including for frequently occurring irregular verbs (e.g., ran, told, went).

Use subject-verb agreement in simple sentences.

Use common abbreviations.

Use contractions and singular possessives.

Eliminate double negatives when speaking.

Mechanics: The student will use conventions of Standard English when speaking and writing.

Identify statements, questions, and commands and use correct ending punctuation.

Use commas in salutation and closing of a letter.

Generalize learned spelling patterns when writing words.

Communication, Listening, and Collaboration: The student will develop effective oral communication and collaboration skills.

Listening actively and following agreed upon rules for participating in discussions.

Respectfully building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.

Asking and responding to questions that acquire or confirm information on a topic.

Demonstrating active engagement when listening to a speaker and asking for clarification.

Speaking and Presentation of Ideas: The student will develop effective oral communication and collaboration skills.

Speak audibly with appropriate pacing, prosody, and voice level.

Engage the audience by asking and/or responding to questions.

Create and participate in oral language activities that include oral storytelling and dramatics.

Retell information in an organized manner, focused on a key topic or experience.

Create a simple presentation using multimodal tools that enhance the topic or presentation.

Evaluation and Synthesis of Information: The student will conduct research and read or listen to conceptually related texts to build knowledge.

Identify a topic and generate questions to explore the topic.

Locate information in reference texts, electronic resources, interviews, or provided sources.

Use templates to organize the information collected (e.g., charts, graphs).

Record information on sources using own words, organizing evidence into provided categories.

Share information orally, in writing, or through visual display, avoiding plagiarism and using own words.

The student will apply grade level phonics and word analysis skills to decode (read) unfamiliar words in grade level text.

Decode and encode words with vowel teams and r-controlled vowels.

Use knowledge of syllabication and syllable types to decode and encode words.

Use knowledge of affixes (e.g., suffixes, prefixes) to decode and encode words.

Read grade-level high-frequency words, including decodable and irregular words, with automaticity and accuracy.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading and listening to a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex texts with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts that exhibit complexity at the higher range.

When responding to texts, draw several pieces of evidence from read alouds and grade-level complex texts to support claims.

Regularly engage in listening to a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study.

Use reading strategies as needed to monitor comprehension when encountering challenging sections of text.

The student will systematically build vocabulary and word knowledge based on grade three content and texts read or heard.

Develop general academic language and content specific vocabulary by listening to, reading, and discussing a variety of texts.

Discuss meanings of complex words and phrases acquired through conversations and literature.

Determine the meaning of complex words using frequently occurring root words and inflectional affixes.

Use the context of a sentence to apply knowledge of homophones.

Apply knowledge of morphology, synonyms, and antonyms to determine the meaning of complex words.

Develop breadth of vocabulary knowledge by listening to and reading high quality, complex text.

Distinguish shades of meaning among verbs and adjectives.

Use strategies to infer word meanings.

Use glossaries, beginning dictionaries and thesauruses, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words.

Use newly learned words and phrases in discussions and speaking activities.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from a variety of grade-level complex literary texts.

Identify thematic topics of stories (e.g. friendship, survival, determination) and the lessons learned.

Identify the central conflict and resolution using events from the plot to summarize the text.

Describe a character's attributes, including their traits, motivations, or feelings and how they develop throughout the text.

Craft and Style: The student will analyze how authors use craft and style to convey meaning in literary texts.

Discuss how an author uses characters and settings to advance the plot.

Identify and explain how an author uses sensory language to impact a reader's understanding of characters, settings, and plot.

Identify the narrator of a story and the speaker of a poem.

Identify the characteristics of different genres.

Integration of Concepts: The student will integrate concepts and ideas from multiple literary texts.

Set a purpose for reading by looking at the illustrations and activating prior and background knowledge.

Compare and contrast details in paired literary and informational nonfiction texts including their treatment of similar themes.

Compare and contrast the themes, settings, and plots of stories written by the same author about the same or similar characters.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from grade-level complex informational texts read.

Determine the main idea of multi-paragraph texts as well as specific paragraphs within them.

Summarize texts using language that pertains to time, sequence, and cause and effect.

Identify and explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support specific points in texts.

Craft and Style: The student will analyze how authors use craft and style to convey meaning in informational texts.

Describe major structural differences between the organizational patterns of different informational texts.

Use text features and search tools (e.g., sidebars, hyperlink) to locate and gain information efficiently.

Identify the author's purpose for writing, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe.

Integration of Concepts: The student will integrate concepts and ideas from multiple informational texts.

Use prior (experience) and background (content) knowledge as context for new learning.

Compare and contrast the most important points and key details presented in two texts on the same topic.

Describe the connection between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures.

Demonstrate comprehension by writing about what is read using the text for support.

Handwriting: The student will print legibly in manuscript and cursive while applying grade level word knowledge.

Maintain legible printing.

Write capital and lowercase letters of the alphabet using correct letter formation in cursive.

Sign his/her first and last name.

Form cursive letters with flow from one letter to the next within names and words.

Spelling: The student will apply grade level word knowledge to spell words correctly.

Use phoneme-grapheme correspondence to encode (spell) multisyllabic words.

Use common affixes to encode (spell) words.

Use phoneme/grapheme (sound/symbol) correspondences to encode (spell) grade-level high-frequency words with automaticity.

The student will compose various works for diverse audiences and purposes, linked to grade three content and texts.

Recognize different forms of writing (narrative, expository, and opinion) have distinctive patterns of organization.

Write personal or fictional narratives that organize event sequences that unfold naturally.

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic that develops the topic with facts and details.

Write opinion pieces on topics or texts, supporting a point of view with facts and reasons.

Write in response to text(s) read or heard to share thinking using supporting details from the text.

Organization and Composition: The student will engage in writing as a process to compose a well-developed paragraph.

Writing a clear topic sentence focusing on a main idea.

Developing, selecting, and organizing ideas relevant to topic, audience, purpose, and genre.

Elaborating writing by including supporting details.

Using transition words to vary sentence structure.

Providing a concluding statement.

Usage and Mechanics: The student will revise and edit writing for clarity and conventions.

With guidance and support, develop and strengthen writing as needed by revising for quality of ideas and organization.

With guidance and support, edit writing for format and conventions such as capitalization, usage, punctuation, and spelling.

The student will use the conventions of Standard English when speaking and writing.

Produce, expand, and rearrange simple and compound sentences when speaking and writing.

Distinguish between complete and incomplete sentences.

Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives when speaking and writing.

Form and use regular and irregular verbs when speaking and writing.

Use subject-verb agreement in simple sentences.

Eliminate double negatives when speaking and writing.

Mechanics: The student will apply conventions of punctuation, capitalization, and spelling.

Use commas in series, dates, addresses, and in greetings and closings of letters.

Use apostrophes to form contractions and frequently occurring possessions in writing.

Capitalize holidays, names, and places.

Use learned spelling patterns when writing words, including high frequency words and grade level word analysis.

Consult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, to check and correct spelling.

The student will develop effective oral communication and collaboration skills to build a community of learners.

Listening actively and speaking using agreed-upon discussion rules.

Respectfully building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly.

Asking and responding to questions that acquire or confirm information on a topic.

Actively engaging throughout the collaboration.

Speaking and Presentation of Ideas: The student will report orally on a topic or text.

Using descriptive details and appropriate facts to support themes or central ideas.

Speaking audibly with appropriate pacing, prosody, and voice level.

Using language (formal or informal) and style as appropriate to audience, topic, and purpose.

Create a simple presentation using multimodal tools that enhance the topic and/or presentation.

The student will conduct research and read or listen to a series of conceptually related texts to build knowledge.

Identify a topic and generate questions that explore the topic.

Locate information in reference texts, electronic resources, provided sources, or through interviews.

Organize evidence into relevant categories, recognizing that some sources may be more reliable than others.

Organize and share information orally, in writing, or through visual display.

Avoid plagiarism, giving credit to sources of information (title and author when available).

The student will develop effective oral communication and collaboration skills to build a community of learners that process, understand, and interpret content together.

Participate in a range of sustained collaborative discussions with diverse partners on grade-four topics and texts.

The student will report orally on a topic or text, tell a story, or recount an experience in an organized manner.

The student will select, organize, and create engaging presentations that include multimedia components and visual displays.

The student will learn how media messages are constructed and for what purposes.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex texts with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts that exhibit complexity at the lower range of the grades 4-5 band.

When responding to texts through discussion and/or writing, draw several pieces of evidence from grade-level complex texts to support claims.

Regularly engage in reading a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Use reading strategies as needed to aid and monitor comprehension when encountering challenging sections of text.

The student will systematically build vocabulary and word knowledge based on grade-four content and texts.

Develop general academic language and content-specific vocabulary by listening to, reading, and discussing a variety of texts.

Determine the meaning of complex words using frequently occurring root words and inflectional affixes.

Apply knowledge of morphology, synonyms, and antonyms to determine the meaning of complex words.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from a variety of grade-level complex literary texts.

Summarize plot events, including the resolution of the conflict and how it is influenced by the characters and setting.

Describe characters' attributes and how their actions and motivations contribute to the sequence of events.

Identify a theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text.

The student will analyze the author's craft and style in literary texts.

Determine how an author uses language (dialogue, sensory language, and dialect), characters, and settings to advance the plot.

Identify the characteristics of different genres of literary texts and refer to the structural elements of each.

Differentiate between first- and third-person point of view.

The student will integrate concepts and information from literary texts.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from grade-level complex informational texts.

Summarize the main idea of multi-paragraph texts and the specific paragraphs within them, explaining how key details support the main ideas.

Distinguish between fact and opinion and explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support opinions.

The student will analyze the author's craft and style in informational texts.

Explain how authors select an organizational pattern (e.g., cause/effect, comparison/contrast) using transitional words and phrases.

Apply knowledge of text features and search tools in multiple print and digital sources to locate and categorize information.

The student will apply phonetic and word analysis skills to decode and read unfamiliar words.

The student will develop and apply handwriting and spelling skills.

The student will write in a variety of forms for different modes and purposes.

The student will apply the writing process to plan, draft, revise, and edit writing.

The student will use the conventions of Standard English when speaking and writing.

The student will apply mechanics (capitalization, punctuation, and spelling) in writing.

The student will conduct research and read a series of conceptually related texts on selected topics to build knowledge.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex texts with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts that exhibit complexity at the higher range of the grades 4-5 band.

When responding to text through discussions and/or writing, draw several pieces of evidence from grade-level complex texts to support claims.

Regularly engage in reading a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Use reading strategies as needed to aid and monitor comprehension when encountering challenging sections of text.

The student will expand vocabulary and use word analysis to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases.

Apply knowledge of word structure and context clues to determine the meanings of unfamiliar words.

Discuss meanings of complex words and phrases acquired through conversations and literature.

Use context and sentence structure to determine meanings and differentiate among multiple meanings of words.

Apply knowledge of roots, affixes (prefixes and suffixes), synonyms, antonyms, and homophones.

Begin to learn about Greek and Latin affixes.

Understand that often a word can be divided into root word, prefix, and suffix in order to determine its pronunciation.

Understand how a prefix changes the meaning of a root word.

Identify when an author uses language figuratively.

Use word references and context clues to determine which meaning is appropriate in a given situation.

The student will read and demonstrate comprehension of fictional texts, literary nonfiction, and poetry by identifying key ideas and plot details.

Describe the relationship between text and previously read materials.

Describe character development.

Describe the development of plot and explain the resolution of conflict(s).

The student will analyze the author's craft and style in fictional texts, literary nonfiction, and poetry.

Describe the characteristics of free verse, rhymed, and patterned poetry.

Analyze the author's use of language (e.g., synonyms, figurative language, sensory words, dialogue, dialect) and their impact on the story.

Identify and describe how an author's choice of vocabulary contributes to the author's style.

The student will integrate concepts from fictional texts, literary nonfiction, and poetry.

Compare and contrast the treatment of similar themes and topics and patterns of events in stories, myths, and traditional literature.

Compare and contrast the experience of reading a story, drama, or poem to listening to or viewing an audio, video, or live version.

The student will read and demonstrate comprehension of informational texts by identifying key ideas and confirming details.

Summarize events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in historical, scientific, or technical texts.

Quote accurately from a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when drawing inferences.

Explain the relationship between two or more individuals, events, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text.

The student will analyze the author's craft and style in informational texts.

Determine the main idea of a text and explain how it is supported by key details; summarize the text.

Analyze how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text.

Determine the author's purpose and how the author's perspective influences the text.

The student will integrate concepts from informational texts.

Integrate information from several texts on the same topic in order to write or speak about the subject knowledgeably.

The student will apply knowledge of phonics and word analysis to decode and encode words.

Apply knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words.

Read grade-level appropriate irregularly spelled words.

The student will maintain legible handwriting.

Maintain legible cursive handwriting.

Write legibly in print.

Use appropriate spacing between words and sentences.

The student will apply spelling knowledge and strategies.

Spell grade-level words correctly.

Use spelling patterns and generalizations in writing.

The student will write in a variety of modes for various purposes.

Write in a variety of modes (narrative, expository, opinion).

Write for various purposes and audiences.

Develop a topic with facts, definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information.

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the information or explanation presented.

The student will use organization and composition to develop writing.

Introduce a topic or text clearly, state an opinion, and create an organizational structure.

Provide logically ordered reasons that are supported by facts and details.

Link opinion and reasons using words, phrases, and clauses.

Provide a concluding statement or section related to the opinion presented.

The student will apply usage and mechanics in writing.

Apply usage and mechanics in writing.

Self- and peer-edit the writing for capitalization, spelling, punctuation, and Standard English.

The student will apply knowledge of grammar.

Use the correct subject or verb.

Use relative pronouns and relative adverbs.

Form and use the progressive verb tenses.

Use modal auxiliaries to convey various conditions.

Order adjectives within sentences according to conventional patterns.

Form and use prepositional phrases.

Produce complete sentences, recognizing and correcting inappropriate fragments and run-ons.

Correctly use frequently confused words.

The student will apply knowledge of mechanics.

Use punctuation to separate items in a series.

Use a comma to separate an introductory element from the rest of the sentence.

Use a comma to set off the words yes and no, tag questions, and direct address.

Use underlining, quotation marks, or italics to indicate titles of works.

Spell grade-level words correctly, consulting references as needed.

The student will demonstrate communication, listening, and collaboration skills.

Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions.

Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions and carry out assigned roles.

The student will demonstrate speaking and presenting of ideas.

Report on a topic or text or present an opinion, sequencing ideas logically.

The student will examine media messages.

Analyze how media messages are constructed and for what purposes.

The student will evaluate and synthesize information from a variety of sources.

Conduct short research projects that use several sources to build knowledge.

Recall relevant information from experiences or gather relevant information from print and digital sources.

Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively.

Explain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text.

Integrate information from several texts on the same topic in order to write or speak knowledgeably.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex text with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression in successive readings to support comprehension.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts that exhibit complexity at the lower range of the grade 6-8 band.

When responding to text, draw several pieces of evidence from grade-level complex texts to support claims, conclusions, and inferences, including quoting or paraphrasing accurately.

Regularly engage in reading a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Use reading strategies as needed to aid and monitor comprehension when encountering challenging sections of text, attending to text structure and summarizing.

The student will systematically build vocabulary and word knowledge based on grade six content and texts.

Develop and accurately use general academic language and content-specific vocabulary by listening to, reading, and discussing a variety of grade-six texts and topics.

Use context and sentence structure to determine multiple meanings of words and clarify the meanings of unfamiliar words and phrases.

Use Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word.

Use word-reference materials to determine the meaning, pronunciation, and part of speech of unfamiliar words.

Explain the meaning of common idioms, similes, and metaphors in context.

Describe ideas within and between selections including how specific sentences, paragraphs, or sections contribute to the development of ideas.

Compare and contrast details in two or more paired literary fiction and nonfiction texts on the same topic or with similar themes.

Summarize texts, including their main idea(s) and how they are developed with specific details.

Compare and contrast one author's presentation of ideas or events with another's, identifying where the texts agree or disagree.

Explain how an author establishes and conveys a perspective or purpose in an informational text.

Determine the purpose of text features (e.g., boldface, italics, graphics, headings, and subheadings).

The student will compose various works for diverse audiences and purposes, linked to grade six content and texts.

Write narratives to entertain, to share a personal experience, or to alter an existing story using narrative techniques to develop characters and events.

Write expository texts to examine a topic or concept, logically conveying ideas and information.

Plan, draft, revise, and edit writing in a variety of forms to include multi-paragraph compositions with an emphasis on elaboration and unity.

Revise writing for clarity of content, word choice, sentence variety, and transition among paragraphs.

Self-and peer-edit for capitalization, spelling, punctuation, sentence structure, paragraphing, and Standard English.

The student will use the conventions of Standard English when speaking and writing, differentiating between formal and informal contexts.

Construct simple, compound, and complex sentences to communicate ideas clearly and add variety to writing.

Use pronoun-antecedent agreement, including indefinite and reflexive pronouns when speaking and writing.

Use adverbs to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs to express manner, place, time, frequency, and degree precisely.

Use phrases and clauses within a sentence and apply appropriate subject-verb agreement when speaking and writing.

Form and use often confusing verbs (e.g., lie/lay, sit/set, rise/raise) correctly in sentences.

Construct complete sentences with appropriate punctuation, avoiding comma splices and run-ons in writing.

Use and punctuate dialogue and direct quotations appropriately in writing.

Recognize and consistently spell frequently used words accurately.

Consult reference materials to check and correct spelling.

The student will develop effective oral communication and collaboration skills to build a community of learners.

Facilitate and contribute to collaborative discussions with diverse partners, listening actively and working respectfully to build on others' ideas.

Present claims and findings with relevant and specific evidence using appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation.

The student will conduct research and read conceptually related texts to build knowledge, solve problems, and support cross-curricular learning.

Formulate appropriately narrow questions about a research topic and refocus the inquiry when appropriate.

Collect information from multiple sources, using search terms effectively.

Organize and synthesize information from multiple sources to communicate findings.

Evaluate the validity and authenticity of texts and sources.

Cite both primary and secondary sources and follow ethical and legal guidelines for gathering and using information.

Read a variety of grade-level complex text with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression in successive readings to support comprehension.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts that exhibit complexity at the mid-range of the grades 6-8 band.

When responding to text, draw several pieces of evidence from grade-level complex texts to support claims, conclusions, and inferences.

Regularly engage in reading a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Use reading strategies as needed to aid and monitor comprehension when encountering challenging sections of text.

Facilitate and contribute to a range of sustained collaborative discussions with diverse partners on grade seven topics and texts.

Listening actively through verbal and nonverbal communication and using agreed-upon discussion rules.

Working effectively and respectfully by building on others' ideas and actively contributing relevant and well-supported ideas.

Asking and responding to probing questions and providing appropriate feedback within structured discussions.

Communicating agreement or tactful disagreement with others' ideas using carefully constructed statements.

Paraphrasing, summarizing, and writing reflectively in response to the ideas being discussed.

Evaluating the effectiveness of participant interactions and one's own contributions to small group activities.

Report orally on a topic or text or present an opinion in an organized and succinct manner.

Clearly communicating information in an organized and succinct manner.

Providing evidence to support the main ideas, including pertinent descriptions, facts, details, and examples.

Adjusting verbal and nonverbal communication skills appropriate to audience, topic, and purpose.

Responding to audience questions and comments with relevant evidence, observations, and ideas.

Referencing source material as appropriate during the presentation.

Deliver multimodal presentations individually and in collaborative groups.

Develop and accurately use general academic language and content-specific vocabulary by listening to, reading, and discussing grade-seven texts.

Use context (e.g., overall meaning of a sentence or paragraph) to determine the meaning of words or phrases.

Apply knowledge of Greek and Latin roots and affixes to predict the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Use the relationship between particular words, including synonyms, antonyms, and analogies to better understand each word.

Analyze the construction and meaning of figurative language, including simile, hyperbole, metaphor, and personification.

Distinguish among the nuances in the meaning of connotations of words with similar denotations.

Use general and specialized word-reference materials to identify word origins, pronunciations, and precise meanings.

Use newly learned words and phrases in multiple contexts, including discussions and writing activities.

Describe stated or implied themes of texts and analyze their development throughout the texts using specific details.

Analyze how the central conflict and key elements (e.g., exposition, rising action, climax) impact plot development.

Explain how static and dynamic characters and the roles of protagonist and antagonist influence plot events.

Analyze how elements of authors' styles (e.g., word choice, dialogue, form, voice) contribute to meaning in prose and poetry.

Explain how an author develops the points of view of different characters and how they affect the reader's interpretation.

Explain how particular elements of stories or dramas interact including how settings shape and influence characters and plot.

Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics.

Create a main idea statement and provide an accurate summary of how key events or ideas develop through the text.

Analyze how the author unfolds a perspective or series of ideas or events in historical, scientific, or technical texts.

Trace the argument and specific claims in texts and assess whether the evidence presented is relevant.

Analyze how an author uses text features (e.g., sidebars, graphics, headings) to enhance and support comprehension.

Analyze how an author's word choice, organizational pattern, and language structure impact the author's purpose.

Analyze how authors use evidence, facts, and opinions to support points in multiple texts.

Analyze ideas within and between selections including how specific sentences or paragraphs contribute to the development of ideas.

Compare and contrast how two or more authors writing about the same topic shape their presentations or viewpoints.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences using precise words and transitional words to develop characters and sequence.

Write expository texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection and organization of content.

Write persuasively supporting a well-defined point of view with appropriate claims, relevant evidence, and clear reasoning.

Write to reflect on learning or personal experiences, connecting ideas and insights.

Generate and organize ideas using the writing process (planning, drafting, revising, editing) to develop multi-paragraph texts.

Composing a thesis statement that states a position or explains the central idea.

Establishing a central idea that aligns with the thesis and maintains an organized structure.

Defending conclusions or positions with reasons and precise, relevant evidence.

Using transitions within and between paragraphs to signal shifts and clarify relationships among ideas.

Developing voice and tone by using language that provides vivid and precise vocabulary.

Expanding and embedding ideas to create sentence variety.

Providing a concluding statement or section.

Revise writing for clarity of content, word choice, sentence variety, and transition among paragraphs.

Self-and peer-edit writing for capitalization, spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure.

Construct simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to communicate ideas clearly.

Recognize and use pronoun-antecedent agreement, including indefinite, reflexive, and relative pronouns.

Use specific adjectives and adverbs to enhance speech and writing.

Arrange phrases and clauses within a sentence and apply appropriate subject-verb agreement.

Maintain consistent verb tense across paragraphs in writing.

Construct complete sentences with appropriate punctuation, avoiding comma splices and run-ons.

Use and punctuate dialogue and direct quotations appropriately in writing.

Recognize and consistently spell frequently used words accurately.

Consult reference materials to check and correct spelling.

Formulate questions about a research topic, broadening or narrowing the inquiry as necessary.

Collect, organize, and synthesize information from multiple sources using various notetaking formats.

Evaluate and analyze the relevance, validity, and credibility of each source (primary, secondary, digital, and print).

Quote, summarize, and paraphrase research findings from primary and secondary sources.

Organize and share findings in formal and informal oral and written formats.

Avoid plagiarism by using own words and following ethical and legal guidelines.

Cite sources using a standard citation system accurately.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex text with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression in successive readings to support comprehension.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts that exhibit complexity at the higher range of the grades 6-8 band.

When responding to text through discussion and/or writing, draw several pieces of evidence from grade-level complex texts to support claims, conclusions, and inferences.

Regularly engage in reading a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Use reading strategies as needed to aid and monitor comprehension when encountering challenging sections of text.

Develop and accurately use general and academic language and content-specific vocabulary by listening to, reading, and discussing a variety of grade-eight texts and topics.

Apply knowledge of Greek and Latin roots and affixes to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.

Use the relationship between particular words, including synonyms, antonyms, and analogies to better understand each word.

Analyze the construction and meaning of an author's use of symbols, analogy, and figurative language such as simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, and idiom.

Discriminate between the meanings of connotative words and their denotative meanings.

Use general and specialized word-reference materials, print and digital, to determine pronunciation, etymology, derivations, and parts of speech.

Use newly learned words and phrases in multiple contexts, including in students' discussions and speaking and writing activities.

Analyze and explain the development of theme(s) over the course of texts and their relationship to the characters, settings, plots, and overall messages.

Explain how different plot patterns (e.g., comedy, drama, tragedy) and subplots create meaning and examine their influence on characters, theme, pacing, and point of view.

Justify the decisions and actions of dynamic versus static characters using dialogue or specific events from the text.

Interpret the meaning and analyze the impact of poetic elements in prose and poetry (e.g., rhyme, rhythm, repetition, alliteration, and onomatopoeia) on the reader.

Analyze how an author develops and contrasts the points of view of different characters or narrators in a text.

Analyze how an author's use of literary devices including foreshadowing, flashback, symbolism, and irony are used to build mystery, suspense, or surprise.

Compare and contrast the structure of two or more stories, poems, and plays and analyze how the differing structure of each literary text contributes to its meaning and style.

Compare and contrast fictional portrayals of a time, place, or character with historical accounts of the same period as a means of understanding how authors use history.

Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics.

Create a main idea statement and provide an accurate summary, clarifying the relationships among the key details and ideas or events.

Analyze how the author unfolds a perspective or series of ideas or events in historical, scientific, or technical texts, including the order in which points are made.

Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning and evidence are relevant and sufficient to support the claims.

Compare and contrast how two or more authors present conflicting information on the same topic by assessing where the texts disagree in reasoning and evidence.

Write reflectively in response to reading to demonstrate thinking with details, examples, and other evidence from the text(s).

Plan, draft, revise, and edit writing for a variety of purposes and audiences, ensuring logical organization and clarity.

Edit writing for conventions including spelling, capitalization, usage, and punctuation.

Maintain consistent verb tense across paragraphs in writing.

Construct complete sentences with appropriate punctuation, avoiding comma splices and run-ons in writing.

Consult reference materials to check and correct spelling.

Formulate and revise questions about a research topic, broadening or narrowing the inquiry as necessary.

Collect, organize, and synthesize information from multiple sources using various notetaking formats.

Evaluate and analyze the relevance, validity, and credibility of sources (primary, secondary, digital, and print) identifying main ideas and any biases.

Quote, summarize, and paraphrase research findings from primary and secondary sources, avoiding plagiarism and following ethical guidelines.

Organize and share findings in formal and informal oral or written formats.

Facilitate and contribute to a range of sustained collaborative discussions with diverse partners on grade-eight topics and texts.

Deliver multimodal presentations individually and in collaborative groups, using appropriate technology and media.

Interpret information presented in diverse media formats and share responsibility for collaborative work.

The student will develop effective oral communication and collaboration skills to build a community of learners that process, understand, and interpret content together.

Participate in and contribute to collaborative discussions on grade-level topics and texts.

Listen critically and respond appropriately to oral presentations.

The student will prepare and deliver multimodal presentations.

Plan and deliver a multimodal presentation that uses a variety of media to enhance the message.

The student will integrate multimodal literacies.

Use multimodal tools to create presentations both independently and in small groups.

The student will examine media messages.

Analyze and interpret the social, commercial, and/or political motives behind media messages.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex text with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts.

The student will apply knowledge of word origins, derivations, and figurative language to extend vocabulary development in authentic texts.

Use structural analysis of roots, affixes, and cognates to understand complex words.

Use context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase.

Identify and analyze the use of idioms, euphemisms, and oxymorons.

Analyze the connotations of words with similar denotations.

Explain the meaning of literary and classical allusions.

Use newly acquired vocabulary in reading, writing, and speaking.

The student will read and analyze a variety of literary texts.

Analyze the development of theme(s) over the course of a text.

Analyze how complex characters develop over the course of a text and advance the plot or develop the theme.

Analyze how an author’s choices concerning structure and time create effects such as mystery, tension, or surprise.

Analyze how an author’s use of figurative language, word choice, and tone impacts meaning.

The student will analyze and interpret literary texts from a variety of cultures and eras.

Compare and contrast the treatment of similar themes or topics in two or more texts.

Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work.

Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding the use of literary devices.

The student will analyze the use of dramatic conventions and techniques.

Analyze the use of dramatic conventions (e.g., soliloquy, aside, monologue, dramatic irony) in a play.

The student will read and analyze a variety of informational texts.

Analyze the development of a central idea over the course of a text.

Analyze how an author’s choices concerning structure and details impact meaning and clarity.

Analyze how an author’s use of figurative language, word choice, and tone impacts meaning.

The student will analyze and evaluate arguments in informational texts.

Analyze the development of an argument, including the claim, supporting evidence, and reasoning.

Evaluate the validity of the reasoning and the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence.

Analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance a point of view or purpose.

The student will analyze and evaluate informational texts from a variety of sources.

Compare and contrast the treatment of similar topics in two or more texts.

Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work.

The student will write in a variety of forms for a variety of purposes and audiences.

Use the recursive writing process to plan, draft, revise, and edit writing.

Write persuasive and analytical essays that include a clear thesis statement, relevant evidence, and logical reasoning.

Write narratives that develop real or imagined experiences using effective technique and well-structured sequences.

The student will use evidence from credible sources to support writing.

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources.

Quote, summarize, and paraphrase data while avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

The student will apply knowledge of language usage and mechanics to writing.

Use parallel structure.

Use various types of phrases and clauses to convey specific meanings and add variety.

Use a semicolon to link two or more closely related independent clauses.

Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation.

Spell correctly.

The student will apply research techniques to analyze information gathered from diverse sources.

Formulate research questions and refine them as the research progresses.

Evaluate the validity, authenticity, and bias of sources.

Cite sources using a standard format (e.g., MLA or APA).

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex text with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression in successive readings to support comprehension.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts that exhibit complexity at the higher range of the grades 9-10 band.

When responding to text through discussions and/or writing, draw several pieces of evidence from grade-level complex texts to support claims, conclusions, and inferences.

Regularly engage in reading a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Use reading strategies as needed to aid and monitor comprehension when encountering challenging sections of text.

The student will systematically build vocabulary and word knowledge based on grade ten content and text.

Develop and accurately use general academic and content-specific vocabulary through reading, discussing, and writing about grade-level texts and topics.

Use context and sentence structure to clarify the literal and figurative meanings of words and phrases.

Use structural analysis of roots, affixes, and etymology to clarify the meanings of unfamiliar and complex words.

Discriminate between the connotative and denotative meanings and interpret the connotation(s).

Identify and explain idiomatic language in context.

Explain the meaning of literary and classical allusions and figurative language in context and analyze their roles in texts.

Use newly learned words and phrases in multiple contexts, including in students' discussions and speaking and writing activities.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from a variety of grade-level complex literary texts.

Analyze the development of universal themes prevalent in world literature of different cultures and eras.

Analyze how authors structure texts to advance the plot, explaining how each event gives rise to the next or foreshadows a future event.

Describe the different character roles in literary texts (e.g., foil, tragic, hero) and their impact on the theme.

Identify and explain how dramatic conventions contribute to the theme and effect of plays from various cultures.

Explain the overall structure of a poem, including how rhyme, rhythm, sound, and imagery convey a message and elicit emotions.

Analyze how authors use literary devices and figurative language, including allusion, allegory, and paradox to impact the meaning of the text.

Analyze how authors use specific word choices, syntax, tone, and voice to convey the author's intent and viewpoint.

Analyze point of view and distinguish between what is directly stated from what is implied through satire, irony, sarcasm, and understatement.

Explain and analyze the influence of the historical and cultural context of a text on its form, style, characters, and point of view.

Compare and contrast character development, dramatic plot structure, and conventions in a play to other literary forms.

Analyze the similarities and differences represented in the literature of different cultures and eras.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from grade-level complex informational texts read.

Explain how authors organize an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order, development, and connections drawn among them.

Compare characteristics of information from various texts and interpret the use of data in maps, charts, graphs, and diagrams.

Evaluate the argument and specific claims in texts, examining whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant.

Analyze how authors use structure to explain relationships among concepts in a text.

Analyze key terms and ideas of historical, scientific, and technical texts to clarify the relationships among key concepts.

Analyze the author's purpose and impact of literary techniques such as hyperbole, analogy, and paradox in informational texts.

Evaluate how different authors write about the same topic and shape their presentations or viewpoints using facts, opinions, and reasoning.

Analyze multiple texts addressing the same topic to determine how authors reach similar or different conclusions.

The student will write in a variety of forms for diverse audiences and purposes with an emphasis on argumentative writing.

Write extended pieces that introduce a topic clearly, adopt an organizational structure, develop the topic with facts, and provide a conclusion.

Write arguments that develop a thesis, support points of view with evidence, address counterclaims, and provide conclusions.

Write reflectively in response to readings in which students compare two or more texts with details and textual evidence.

Develop flexibility in writing by routinely producing shorter and longer pieces that adapt content, technique, and voice.

Plan and organize writing to address a specific audience and purpose using the writing process (planning, drafting, revising, editing).

Revise writing for clarity of content, accuracy, and adequate elaboration.

Use peer- and self-evaluation to edit writing for clarity and quality of information.

Edit writing for appropriate conventions, style, and language.

The student will use the conventions of Standard English when speaking and writing, differentiating between formal and informal contexts.

Use, edit, and revise parallel structure across complex sentences and paragraphs in writing.

Use complex sentence structure to infuse sentence variety in writing.

Recognize and use active and passive voice to convey a desired effect in speaking and writing.

Use subordination, coordination, apposition, and other devices to indicate the relationship between ideas clearly.

Maintain consistent verb tense when speaking and writing.

Know and apply the rules for the use of a colon when writing.

Apply a style manual (MLA or APA) to apply rules for punctuation and formatting of direct quotations in writing.

Spell correctly, consulting reference materials to check as needed.

Facilitate and contribute to a range of sustained collaborative discussions with diverse partners on grade ten topics and texts.

Report orally on a topic or text or present an opinion, choosing appropriate vocabulary, language, and tone.

Memorize and accurately recite a speech with intonation, meaningful expression, and emotion.

Make strategic use of multimodal tools to convey the intended message.

Monitor, analyze, and use multiple streams of simultaneous information.

Create media messages for diverse audiences and purposes.

Analyze the viewpoint of print and digital publications.

Analyze, compare, and contrast visual and verbal media messages for content, intent, impact, and effectiveness.

Examine and analyze how media messages are constructed based on varying opinions, values, and viewpoints.

Evaluate the motives behind media messages used to determine author's purpose, factual content, opinion, and/or possible bias.

Describe possible cause-and-effect relationships between mass media coverage and public opinion trends.

The student will conduct research and read conceptually related texts to build knowledge on grade-ten content and student interest.

Formulate and revise questions about a research topic, broadening or narrowing the inquiry as necessary.

Gather and organize information from various sources, including internet resources and electronic databases.

Objectively evaluate primary and secondary sources for their credibility, reliability, accuracy, usefulness, and limitations.

Synthesize multiple streams of information from a variety of sources to support claims and introduce counterclaims.

Create research products aligned with the demands of the reading and writing standards.

Cite primary and secondary sources for quoted and paraphrased ideas using a standard method of documentation (MLA or APA).

Define the meaning and legal consequences of plagiarism and follow ethical and legal guidelines for using information.

Demonstrate ethical and responsible use of all sources, including the Internet, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and new technologies.

The student will engage in collaborative communication as a listener and speaker in a variety of settings.

Participate in, collaborate in, and report on small-group learning activities.

The student will demonstrate understanding of multimodal literacy by identifying and evaluating elements such as authorship, format, audience, content, and purpose.

The student will analyze and critique how media reach the targeted audience for specific purposes.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex texts with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression.

Proficiently read and comprehend a variety of literary and informational texts that exhibit complexity at the grades 11-12 band.

Draw several pieces of evidence from grade-level complex texts to support claims, conclusions, and inferences.

The student will systematically build vocabulary and word knowledge based on grade eleven content and texts.

Use structural analysis of roots, affixes, and etymology to understand the meanings of unfamiliar and complex words.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from a variety of grade-level complex literary texts.

The student will evaluate how authors use specific word choices, syntax, tone, and voice to convey intent and viewpoint.

The student will analyze how authors' attitudes, viewpoints, and beliefs reflect larger historical, social, or cultural contexts.

The student will use textual evidence to demonstrate comprehension and build knowledge from grade-level complex informational texts.

The student will analyze and interpret the key terms and ideas of historical, scientific, technical, and employment texts.

The student will write in a variety of forms for diverse audiences and purposes with an emphasis on argumentative and analytical writing.

The student will apply the recursive writing process to plan, draft, and complete writing projects.

The student will apply knowledge of grammar and usage to communicate effectively in writing and speaking.

The student will conduct research and read conceptually related texts to build knowledge on grade-eleven content and student interest.

Objectively evaluate primary and secondary sources for their credibility, reliability, accuracy, usefulness, and limitations.

The student will build knowledge and comprehension skills from reading a range of challenging, content-rich texts.

Read a variety of grade-level complex text with accuracy, automaticity, appropriate rate, and meaningful expression in successive readings to support comprehension.

When responding to text through discussions and/or writing, draw several pieces of evidence from texts to support claims, conclusions, and inferences.

Regularly engage in reading a series of conceptually related texts organized around topics of study to build knowledge and vocabulary.

Use reading strategies when comprehension breaks down.

The student will systematically build vocabulary and word knowledge based on Grade 12 content and texts read.

Use context to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.

Use structural analysis (roots, affixes) to determine meaning.

Select appropriate general and specialized reference materials, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words.

Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations.

Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech.

Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions.

The student will read and analyze a variety of world literature.

Analyze how authors create intended effects using diction and impact the tone and mood of the story, play, or poem.

Compare and contrast traditional and contemporary texts that draw on similar themes, patterns of events, or character types with an emphasis on poetry.

The student will read and analyze a variety of informational texts.

Analyze the development of an argument and the validity of the reasoning and evidence.

The student will write in a variety of forms for various purposes and audiences.

Apply the writing process (plan, draft, revise, edit) to produce clear and coherent writing.

Write arguments to support claims, informative/explanatory texts, and narratives.

The student will conduct research to answer questions or solve problems.

Cite sources using a standard format (MLA, APA) to avoid plagiarism.

The student will use standard English grammar, usage, and mechanics.

Use a variety of sentence structures to enhance writing.

Use punctuation correctly to clarify meaning.

The student will communicate effectively in a variety of settings.

Participate in collaborative discussions, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.

The student will utilize flexible counting strategies to determine and describe quantities up to 100.

Use one-to-one correspondence to determine how many are in a given set containing 30 or fewer concrete objects.

Recognize and explain that the number of objects remains the same regardless of the arrangement or order counted.

Count forward orally by ones, within 100, starting at any given number.

Count backward orally by ones when given any number between 1 and 20.

Skip count by tens to 100.

State the number after, without counting, when given any number between 0 and 100.

State the number before, without counting, when given any number between 1 and 10.

The student will identify, represent, and compare quantities up to 30.

Read, write, and identify the numerals 0 through 30.

Construct a set of objects that corresponds to a given numeral within 30, including an empty set.

Determine and write the numeral that corresponds to the total number of objects in a given set of 30 or fewer.

Given a set of up to 30 objects, construct another set which has more, fewer, or the same number of objects.

Compare two numbers between 0 and 30 represented as numerals, using the terms greater than, less than, or the same as.

Use objects, drawings, words, or numbers to compose and decompose numbers 11-19 into a ten and some ones.

The student will model and solve single-step contextual problems using addition and subtraction with whole numbers within 10.

Use objects, drawings, words, or numbers to compose and decompose numbers less than or equal to 5 in multiple ways.

Recognize and describe with fluency part-part-whole relationships for numbers up to 5 in a variety of configurations.

Model and solve single-step contextual problems (join, separate, and part-part-whole) using 10 or fewer concrete objects.

The student will reason mathematically by making direct comparisons between two objects or events.

Compare, describe, and justify the lengths and heights of two objects using the terms longer/shorter and taller/shorter.

Compare, describe, and justify the weights of two objects using the terms heavier/lighter.

Compare, describe, and justify the volumes of two containers using the terms more/less.

Compare, describe, and justify the amount of time spent on two events using the terms longer/shorter.

The student will identify, describe, and compare plane figures (circle, triangle, square, and rectangle).

Identify, name, and describe circles, triangles, squares, and rectangles.

Compare plane figures (circle, triangle, square, and rectangle) regardless of orientation.

Construct plane figures (circle, triangle, square, and rectangle).

The student will describe the location of one object relative to another and identify the day and month on a calendar.

Describe the location of one object relative to another (above, below, next to, beside, in front of, behind).

Identify the day and month on a calendar.

The student will apply the data cycle (pose questions; collect or acquire data; organize and represent data; and analyze data).

Sort and classify concrete objects into appropriate subsets (categories) based on one attribute.

Describe and label the subsets.

Represent data by constructing object graphs and picture graphs.

Analyze data and communicate results from object graphs and picture graphs.

The student will identify, describe, extend, and create repeating patterns.

Identify and describe the core found in repeating patterns.

Extend a repeating pattern by adding at least two complete repetitions of the core to the pattern.

Create and describe a repeating pattern using objects, colors, sounds, movements, or pictures.

The student will utilize flexible counting strategies to determine and describe quantities up to 120.

Count forward orally by ones from 0 to 120 starting at any number between 0 and 120.

Count backward orally by ones when given any number between 1 and 30.

Represent forward counting patterns when counting by groups of 5 and groups of 10 up to 120.

Represent forward counting patterns when counting by groups of 2 up to at least 30.

Group a collection of up to 120 objects into tens and ones, and count to determine the total.

Identify a penny, nickel, dime, and quarter by name and value.

Determine the value of a collection of like coins (pennies, nickels, or dimes) whose total value is 100 cents or less.

The student will represent, compare, and order quantities up to 120.

Read and write numerals 0-120 in sequence and out of sequence.

Estimate the number of objects (up to 120) in a given collection and justify the reasonableness of an answer.

Create a concrete or pictorial representation of a number using tens and ones and write the corresponding numeral.

Use the terms greater than, less than, or equal to and the symbols (>, <, =) to compare two numbers up to 120.

Order three or fewer whole numbers up to 120.

Identify the number that is 10 more or 10 less than a given number up to 120.

Identify the position of an object, using ordinal numbers (first through tenth).

The student will use mathematical reasoning and justification to solve contextual problems that involve partitioning models into two and four equal-sized parts.

Represent equal shares of a whole with two or four sharers, when given a contextual problem.

Represent and name halves and fourths of a whole, using a region/area model and a set model.

Describe and justify how shares are equal pieces or equal parts of the whole (limited to halves, fourths).

The student will recall with automaticity addition and subtraction facts within 10 and solve single-step problems within 20.

Recognize and describe with fluency part-part-whole relationships for numbers up to 10 in a variety of configurations.

Demonstrate fluency with addition and subtraction facts within 10.

Use various strategies to solve single-step addition and subtraction problems within 20.

Determine the unknown whole number that will result in a sum or difference of 10 or 20.

Identify and use (+) as a symbol for addition and (-) as a symbol for subtraction.

Describe the equal symbol (=) as a balance representing an equivalent relationship between expressions.

Use concrete materials to model, identify, and justify when two expressions are not equal.

Write an equation that could be used to represent the solution to an oral, written, or picture problem.

The student will reason mathematically using nonstandard units to measure and compare objects by length, weight, and volume.

Use nonstandard units to measure the length, weight, and volume of objects.

Compare two objects by length, weight, and volume using nonstandard units.

The student will analyze and sort plane figures (circles, triangles, squares, and rectangles) based on their attributes.

Identify and describe the attributes of circles, triangles, squares, and rectangles.

Sort and classify plane figures based on one or more attributes.

Identify and create larger shapes by combining two or more plane figures.

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the concept of passage of time (to the nearest hour and half-hour) and the calendar.

Identify different tools to measure time including clocks (analog and digital) and calendar.

Describe the units of time represented on a clock as minutes and hours.

Tell time to the hour and half-hour, using analog and digital clocks.

Read and interpret a calendar (days of the week, months of the year).

Identify the number of days in a week and months in a year.

Use ordinal numbers first through tenth to describe the relative position of specific days/dates.

Determine the day/date before and after a given day/date.

The student will apply the data cycle (pose questions; collect data; organize and represent data; and analyze results) with graphs and tables.

Sort and classify concrete objects into appropriate subsets based on one or two attributes.

Pose questions and collect data using various methods.

Organize and represent data using object graphs, picture graphs, and tables.

Analyze data represented in graphs and tables and communicate results.

The student will identify, describe, extend, create, and transfer repeating patterns and increasing patterns using various representations.

Identify and describe repeating and increasing patterns.

Analyze a repeating or increasing pattern and generalize the change to extend the pattern.

Create a repeating or increasing pattern using objects, colors, movements, or pictures.

The student will utilize flexible counting strategies to determine and describe quantities up to 200.

Represent forward counting patterns when counting by groups of 2 up to at least 50, starting at various multiples of 2.

Represent forward counting patterns created when counting by groups of 5s, 10s, and 25s starting at various multiples up to at least 200.

Describe and use patterns in skip counting by multiples of 2 (to at least 50), and multiples of 5, 10, and 25 (to at least 200) to justify the next number.

Represent forward counting patterns when counting by groups of 100 up to at least 1,000 starting at 0.

Represent backward counting patterns when counting by groups of 10 from 200 or less using a variety of tools.

Describe and use patterns in skip counting backwards by 10s (from at least 200) to justify the next number in the counting sequence.

Choose a reasonable estimate up to 1,000 when given a contextual problem.

Represent even numbers (up to 50) with concrete objects, using two equal groups or two equal addends.

Represent odd numbers (up to 50) with concrete objects, using two equal groups with one leftover or two equal addends plus 1.

Determine whether a number (up to 50) is even or odd using concrete objects and justify reasoning.

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the ten-to-one relationships of the base 10 number system to represent, compare, and order whole numbers up to 999.

Write the three-digit whole number represented by a given model.

Read, write, and represent three-digit numbers in standard form, expanded form, and word form.

Apply patterns within the base 10 system to determine and communicate the place (ones, tens, hundreds) and value of each digit.

Investigate and explain the ten-to-one relationships among ones, tens, and hundreds, using models.

Compose and decompose whole numbers up to 200 by making connections between a variety of models and counting strategies.

Plot and justify the position of a given number up to 100 on a number line with pre-marked benchmarks.

Compare two whole numbers, each 999 or less, using words (greater than, less than, or equal to) and symbols (>, <, or =).

Order up to three whole numbers, each 999 or less, from least to greatest and greatest to least.

The student will use mathematical reasoning and justification to solve contextual problems that involve partitioning models into equal-sized parts.

Model and describe fractions as representing equal-size parts of a whole.

Describe the relationship between the number of fractional parts needed to make a whole and the size of the parts.

Compose the whole for a given fractional part and its value for halves, fourths, eighths, thirds, and sixths.

Using same-size fraction pieces, count by unit fractions up to two wholes.

Represent, name, and write fractional parts of a whole for halves, fourths, eighths, thirds, and sixths using various models.

Compare unit fractions for halves, fourths, eighths, thirds, and sixths using words and symbols.

The student will solve problems that involve counting and representing money amounts up to $2.00.

Identify a quarter and its value and determine multiple ways to represent the value of a quarter using pennies, nickels, and/or dimes.

Count by ones, fives, tens, and twenty-fives to determine the value of a collection of coins and/or bills up to $2.00.

Construct a set of coins and/or bills to total a given amount of money whose value is $2.00 or less.

Represent the value of a collection of coins and one-dollar bills using the cent (¢) and dollar ($) symbols and decimal point (.).

The student will recall with automaticity addition and subtraction facts within 20 and solve problems using addition and subtraction within 100.

Apply strategies to estimate a solution for single-step addition or subtraction problems, including those in context.

Determine the sum or difference of two whole numbers, each 100 or less.

Solve single-step and multistep contextual problems using addition and subtraction with whole numbers up to 100.

Demonstrate fluency with addition and subtraction within 20 by applying reasoning strategies.

Recall with automaticity addition and subtraction facts within 20.

Use patterns, models, and strategies to make generalizations about the algebraic properties for fluency.

Determine the missing number in an equation (number sentence) through modeling and justification with addition and subtraction within 20.

Use inverse relationships to write all related facts connected to a given addition or subtraction fact model within 20.

Describe the not equal symbol (≠) as representing a relationship where expressions represent different values.

Represent and justify the relationship between values and expressions as equal or not equal using appropriate models and/or symbols.

The student will reason mathematically using standard units (U.S. Customary) to estimate, measure, and compare objects.

Explain the purpose of various measurement tools and how to use them appropriately (ruler, scale, measuring cup).

Use U.S. Customary units to estimate, measure, and compare length (inch), weight (pound), and liquid volume (cup).

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the concept of time to the nearest five minutes, using analog and digital clocks.

Identify the number of minutes in an hour (60 minutes) and the number of hours in a day (24 hours).

Determine the unit of time (minutes, hours, days, or weeks) that is most appropriate when measuring a given activity.

Show, tell, and write time to the nearest five minutes, using analog and digital clocks.

The student will identify, describe, and create plane figures that have at least one line of symmetry and explain its relationship with congruency.

Explore a figure using a variety of tools to show and justify a line of symmetry, if one exists.

Create figures with at least one line of symmetry using various concrete and pictorial representations.

Describe the two resulting figures formed by a line of symmetry as being congruent (having the same shape and size).

The student will describe, name, compare, and contrast plane and solid figures.

Trace faces of solid figures (cubes and rectangular prisms) to create the set of plane figures related to the solid figure.

Compare and contrast models and nets (cutouts) of cubes and rectangular prisms.

The student will apply the data cycle (pose questions; collect data; organize data; analyze data) with a focus on pictographs and bar graphs.

Pose questions, given a predetermined context, that require the collection of data.

Collect or acquire data and organize the data into a pictograph or bar graph.

Analyze data and communicate results.

The student will describe, extend, create, and transfer repeating and increasing patterns using various representations.

Identify and describe repeating and increasing patterns.

Analyze a repeating or increasing pattern and generalize the change to extend the pattern.

Create a repeating or increasing pattern using various representations.

Transfer a given repeating or increasing pattern from one form to another and explain the connection.

Read and write six-digit whole numbers in standard form, expanded form, and word form.

Apply patterns within the base 10 system to determine and communicate the place and value of each digit in a six-digit whole number.

Compose, decompose, and represent numbers up to 9,999 in multiple ways, according to place value, with and without models.

Compare two whole numbers, each 9,999 or less, using symbols (>, <, =, ≠) and/or words, with and without models.

Order up to three whole numbers, each 9,999 or less, represented with and without models, from least to greatest and greatest to least.

Represent, name, and write a given fraction or mixed number with denominators of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 using various models.

Identify a fraction represented by a model as the sum of unit fractions.

Use a model of a fraction greater than one to name and write it as an improper fraction and as a mixed number.

Compose and decompose fractions (proper and improper) with denominators of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 in multiple ways with models.

Compare a fraction, less than or equal to one, to the benchmarks of 0, 1/2, and 1 using models.

Compare two fractions and/or mixed numbers with like numerators using words and/or symbols.

Compare two fractions and/or mixed numbers with like denominators using words and/or symbols.

Represent equivalent fractions with denominators of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, or 10, using region/area models and length models.

Determine the value of a collection of bills and coins whose total value is $5.00 or less.

Construct a set of bills and coins to total a given amount of money whose value is $5.00 or less.

Compare the values of two sets of coins or two sets of coins and bills, up to $5.00, using words and/or symbols.

Solve contextual problems to make change from $5.00 or less by using counting on or counting back strategies.

Determine and justify whether an estimate or an exact answer is appropriate when solving contextual problems involving addition and subtraction.

Apply strategies to estimate a solution for single-step or multistep addition or subtraction problems where addends or minuends do not exceed 1,000.

Apply strategies and algorithms to determine the sum or difference of two whole numbers where addends and minuends do not exceed 1,000.

Identify and use the appropriate symbol to distinguish between expressions that are equal and expressions that are not equal.

Represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step and multistep contextual problems involving addition and subtraction with whole numbers.

Represent multiplication and division of whole numbers through 10 x 10 using a variety of approaches and models.

Use inverse relationships to write the related facts connected to a given model for multiplication and division of whole numbers through 10 x 10.

Apply strategies (e.g., place value, properties of multiplication and/or addition) when multiplying and dividing whole numbers.

Demonstrate fluency with multiplication facts through 10 x 10 by applying reasoning strategies.

Represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step contextual problems that involve multiplication and division of whole numbers through 10 x 10.

Recall with automaticity the multiplication facts through 10 x 10 and the corresponding division facts.

Create an equation to represent the mathematical relationship between equivalent expressions using multiplication and/or division facts through 10 x 10.

Justify whether an estimate or an exact measurement is needed for a contextual situation and choose an appropriate unit.

Estimate and measure length, weight/mass, and liquid volume to the nearest half or whole unit using standard units.

Compare estimates of length, weight/mass, or liquid volume with the actual measurements.

Solve problems involving area by describing area as a measurement and determining area by counting square units.

Solve problems involving perimeter by measuring the distance around a polygon or determining perimeter given side lengths.

Tell and write time to the nearest minute, using analog and digital clocks.

Match a written time to the time shown on analog and digital clocks to the nearest minute.

Solve single-step contextual problems involving elapsed time in one-hour increments within a 12-hour period.

Describe a polygon as a closed plane figure composed of at least three line segments that do not cross.

Classify figures as polygons or not polygons and justify reasoning.

Identify and describe triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, and octagons in various orientations.

Formulate questions that require the collection or acquisition of data.

Determine the data needed to answer a formulated question and collect or acquire existing data.

Organize and represent data in pictographs and bar graphs.

Analyze data to identify characteristics, make inferences, draw conclusions, and solve problems using data from graphs.

Identify and describe increasing and decreasing patterns using various representations.

Analyze an increasing or decreasing pattern and generalize the change.

Identify a missing term in an increasing or decreasing pattern.

Extend an increasing or decreasing pattern using various representations.

Create an increasing or decreasing pattern using various representations.

Solve contextual problems that involve identifying, describing, and extending patterns.

Investigate and explain the connection between two different representations of the same increasing or decreasing pattern.

Read nine-digit whole numbers, presented in standard form, and represent the same number in written form.

Write nine-digit whole numbers in standard form when the numbers are presented orally or in written form.

Apply patterns within the base 10 system to determine the place and value of each digit in a nine-digit whole number.

Compare two whole numbers up to seven digits each, using words and/or using symbols (>, <, =, ≠).

Order up to four whole numbers up to seven digits each, from least to greatest or greatest to least.

Compare and order no more than four fractions and/or mixed numbers with denominators 12 or less.

Represent equivalent fractions, with and without models.

Represent the division of two whole numbers as a fraction.

Represent, identify, read, and write decimals through thousandths.

Identify the place and value for each digit in a decimal through thousandths.

Compare and order decimals through thousandths.

Identify and represent equivalent decimals and fractions.

Determine and justify whether an estimate or an exact answer is appropriate when solving contextual problems.

Add and subtract two numbers that do not exceed 10,000.

Solve single-step and multistep word problems involving addition and subtraction with whole numbers.

Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to problems using multiplication and division with whole numbers.

Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to problems using addition and subtraction with fractions.

Solve problems involving multiplication of a whole number and a proper fraction.

Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to problems using addition and subtraction with decimals.

Determine an appropriate unit of measure to use when measuring length, weight/mass, and liquid volume.

Estimate and measure length in U.S. Customary and metric units.

Estimate and measure weight/mass in U.S. Customary and metric units.

Estimate and measure liquid volume in U.S. Customary and metric units.

Solve problems involving elapsed time in hours and minutes within a 24-hour period.

Solve problems involving area and perimeter of squares and rectangles.

Identify and describe points, lines, line segments, rays, and angles, including endpoints and vertices.

Describe endpoints and vertices in relation to lines, line segments, rays, and angles.

Draw representations of points, line segments, rays, angles, and lines, using a ruler or straightedge.

Identify parallel, perpendicular, and intersecting lines and line segments.

Develop definitions for parallelograms, rectangles, squares, rhombi, and trapezoids through exploration.

Classify and describe quadrilaterals using specific properties and attributes.

Identify concrete models and pictorial representations of solid figures.

Identify, describe, compare, and contrast plane and solid figures according to their characteristics.

Formulate questions that require the collection or acquisition of data.

Determine the data needed to answer a formulated question and collect or acquire existing data.

Organize and represent data using line graphs.

Analyze data and communicate results from line graphs.

Describe probability as the degree of likelihood of an outcome occurring using specific terms.

Model and determine all possible outcomes of a given simple event.

Identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns using various representations.

Identify and represent equivalency between fractions and decimals; compare and order sets of fractions and decimals.

Use concrete and pictorial models to represent fractions with denominators that are thirds, eighths, and factors of 100 in equivalent decimal form.

Use concrete and pictorial models to represent decimals in their equivalent fraction form (thirds, eighths, and factors of 100).

Identify equivalent relationships between decimals and fractions with denominators that are thirds, eighths, and factors of 100, with and without models.

Compare and order a set of no more than four decimals and fractions (proper, improper) and/or mixed numbers using multiple strategies.

Demonstrate an understanding of prime and composite numbers, and determine the prime factorization of a whole number up to 100.

Create a concrete or pictorial representation to demonstrate whether a whole number up to 100 is prime or composite.

Classify, compare, and contrast whole numbers up to 100 using the terms prime and composite.

Determine the prime factorization of a whole number up to 100.

Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to contextual problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with whole numbers.

Estimate the sum, difference, product, and quotient of whole numbers in contextual problems.

Represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step and multistep contextual problems using whole number operations.

Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to contextual problems using addition, subtraction, and multiplication with fractions.

Estimate the sum, difference, and product of fractions (proper, improper, and/or mixed numbers).

Represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step and multistep contextual problems using addition, subtraction, and multiplication with fractions.

Estimate, represent, solve, and justify solutions to contextual problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with decimals.

Estimate the sum, difference, product, and quotient of decimals.

Represent, solve, and justify solutions to single-step and multistep contextual problems using decimal operations.

Simplify whole number numerical expressions using the order of operations.

Simplify whole number numerical expressions using the order of operations (limited to addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division).

Reason mathematically to solve problems, including those in context, that involve length, mass, and liquid volume using metric units.

Determine the most appropriate unit of measure to use in a contextual problem that involves metric units.

Solve problems, including those in context, that involve metric units of length, mass, and liquid volume.

Use multiple representations to solve problems, including those in context, involving perimeter, area, and volume.

Investigate and develop a formula for determining the area of a right triangle.

Estimate and determine the area of a right triangle.

Solve problems, including those in context, involving perimeter, area, and volume.

Classify and measure angles and triangles, and solve problems, including those in context.

Classify angles as right, acute, obtuse, or straight and justify reasoning.

Classify triangles as right, acute, or obtuse and equilateral, scalene, or isosceles and justify reasoning.

Identify congruent sides and right angles using geometric markings to denote properties of triangles.

Apply the data cycle with a focus on line plots (dot plots) and stem-and-leaf plots.

Formulate questions that require the collection or acquisition of data.

Determine the data needed to answer a formulated question and collect or acquire data.

Organize and represent numerical data using a line plot (dot plot).

Organize and represent numerical data using a stem-and-leaf plot.

Analyze and interpret data to determine the mean, median, mode, and range.

Analyze and interpret data to determine the mean, median, mode, and range.

Determine the probability of an outcome by constructing a model of a sample space and using the Fundamental Counting Principle.

Determine the probability of an outcome by constructing a sample space using a tree diagram, list, or chart.

Determine the number of possible outcomes by using the Fundamental (Basic) Counting Principle.

Identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns with whole numbers, fractions, and decimals.

Identify, describe, extend, and create increasing and decreasing patterns using various representations.

Investigate and use variables in contextual problems.

Describe the concept of a variable as a representation of an unknown quantity.

Write an equation from a contextual situation using a single variable and one operation.

The student will reason and use multiple strategies to express equivalency, compare, and order numbers written as fractions, mixed numbers, decimals, and percents.

Estimate and determine the percent represented by a given model, including percents greater than 100% and less than 1%.

Represent and determine equivalencies among decimals, fractions, and percents.

Compare and order no more than four decimals, fractions, and percents.

The student will reason and use multiple strategies to represent, compare, and order integers.

Represent integers, including models derived from contextual situations, and identify an integer represented by a point on a number line.

Compare and order integers using a number line.

Compare integers using symbols.

Identify and describe the absolute value of an integer.

The student will recognize and represent patterns with whole number exponents and perfect squares.

Recognize and represent patterns with whole number exponents, including powers of ten.

Identify and represent perfect squares.

The student will estimate, demonstrate, solve, and justify solutions to problems using operations with fractions and mixed numbers, including those in context.

Demonstrate/model multiplication and division of fractions and mixed numbers using multiple representations.

Multiply and divide fractions and mixed numbers that include denominators of 12 or less.

Solve single-step and multistep problems using operations with fractions and mixed numbers.

The student will estimate, demonstrate, solve, and justify solutions to problems using operations with integers, including those in context.

Demonstrate/model addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of integers using pictorial representations or concrete manipulatives.

Add, subtract, multiply, and divide two integers.

Simplify an expression that contains absolute value.

Solve single-step and multistep problems using operations with integers.

The student will identify the characteristics of circles and solve problems, including those in context, involving circumference and area.

Identify and describe chord, diameter, radius, circumference, and area of a circle.

Investigate and describe the relationship between diameter and radius; radius and circumference; and diameter and circumference.

Solve problems involving circumference and area of a circle.

The student will reason mathematically to solve problems, including those in context, that involve the area and perimeter of triangles and parallelograms.

Develop the formula for determining the area of parallelograms and triangles using pictorial representations and concrete manipulatives.

Solve problems involving the perimeter and area of triangles and parallelograms.

The student will describe the characteristics of the coordinate plane and graph ordered pairs.

Identify and label the axes, origin, and quadrants of a coordinate plane.

Identify and describe the location (quadrant or the axis) of a point given as an ordered pair.

Graph ordered pairs in the coordinate plane.

The student will determine congruence of segments, angles, and polygons.

Identify and describe congruence of segments, angles, and polygons.

Determine congruence of segments, angles, and polygons.

The student will apply the data cycle (formulate questions; collect or acquire data; organize and represent data; and analyze data and communicate results) with a focus on circle graphs.

Formulate questions that require the collection or acquisition of data with a focus on circle graphs.

Collect or acquire data.

Organize and represent data in a circle graph.

Analyze data and communicate results.

The student will represent the mean as a balance point and determine the effect on statistical measures when a data point is added, removed, or changed.

Represent the mean of a set of data graphically as the balance point represented in a line plot (dot plot).

Determine the effect on measures of center when a single value of a data set is added, removed, or changed.

The student will use ratios to represent relationships between quantities, including those in context.

Represent a relationship between two quantities using ratios.

Identify and describe unit rates.

The student will identify and represent proportional relationships between two quantities, including those in context.

Identify and represent proportional relationships between two quantities.

Solve problems involving proportional relationships.

The student will write and solve one-step linear equations in one variable, including contextual problems.

Identify and develop examples of algebraic vocabulary: equation, variable, expression, term, and coefficient.

Represent and solve one-step linear equations in one variable.

The student will represent a contextual situation using a linear inequality in one variable with symbols and graphs on a number line.

Represent a linear inequality in one variable using symbols and graphs on a number line.

Solve one-step linear inequalities in one variable.

The student will investigate and describe the concept of exponents for powers of ten and compare and order numbers greater than zero written in scientific notation.

Investigate and describe powers of 10 with negative exponents by examining patterns.

Represent a power of 10 with a negative exponent in fraction and decimal form.

Convert between numbers greater than 0 written in scientific notation and decimals.

Compare and order numbers greater than 0 written in scientific notation.

The student will compare and order rational numbers and identify and represent equivalent relationships between rational numbers.

Compare and order rational numbers.

Identify and represent equivalent relationships between rational numbers.

The student will investigate and describe perfect squares and find the square root of a perfect square.

Identify and describe perfect squares.

Find the square root of a perfect square.

The student will estimate, solve, and justify solutions to multistep contextual problems involving operations with rational numbers.

Estimate, solve, and justify solutions to contextual problems involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with rational numbers.

The student will solve problems involving proportional reasoning, including ratio tables, proportions, and percentages.

Given a proportional relationship between two quantities, create and use a ratio table to determine missing values.

Write and solve a proportion that represents a proportional relationship between two quantities to find a missing value.

Apply proportional reasoning to solve problems in context, including converting units of measurement.

Estimate and determine the percentage of a given whole number, including the use of benchmark percentages.

The student will solve problems involving volume and surface area of rectangular prisms and right cylinders.

Develop the formulas for determining the volume of right cylinders and solve problems.

Develop the formulas for determining the surface area of rectangular prisms and right cylinders and solve problems.

Determine if a problem in context represents the application of volume or surface area.

Describe how the volume of a rectangular prism is affected when one measured attribute is multiplied by a factor.

Describe how the surface area of a rectangular prism is affected when one measured attribute is multiplied by a factor.

The student will solve problems involving similar figures.

Identify and describe similar figures.

Solve problems involving similar figures.

The student will compare and contrast the properties of quadrilaterals and determine unknown side lengths or angle measures.

Compare and contrast properties of quadrilaterals.

Determine unknown side lengths or angle measures of quadrilaterals.

The student will identify and describe dilations and perform dilations on a coordinate plane.

Identify and describe dilations.

Perform dilations on a coordinate plane.

The student will investigate and compare theoretical and experimental probability and make predictions.

Determine theoretical and experimental probability.

Compare theoretical and experimental probability.

Make predictions based on theoretical and experimental probability.

The student will apply the data cycle (formulate questions; collect or acquire data; organize and represent data; and analyze data and communicate results) with a focus on histograms.

Formulate questions that require the collection or acquisition of data with a focus on histograms.

Determine the data needed to answer a formulated question and collect or acquire the data.

Organize and represent data in histograms.

Analyze data and communicate results.

The student will investigate and describe proportional relationships and begin to develop a concept of slope as rate of change.

Investigate and describe slope as rate of change.

Identify and describe a line with a positive, negative, or zero slope.

The student will simplify and evaluate numerical and algebraic expressions.

Simplify numerical expressions.

Evaluate algebraic expressions.

Simplify and generate equivalent algebraic expressions.

The student will solve two-step linear equations in one variable, including problems in context.

Solve two-step linear equations.

Solve problems in context involving two-step linear equations.

The student will write and solve one- and two-step linear inequalities in one variable, including problems in context.

Solve one- and two-step linear inequalities.

Graph the solution of a linear inequality.

Solve problems in context involving linear inequalities.

The student will compare and order real numbers and determine the relationships between real numbers.

Estimate and identify the two consecutive natural numbers between which the positive square root of a given number lies and justify which natural number is the better approximation.

Use rational approximations (to the nearest hundredth) of irrational numbers to compare, order, and locate values on a number line.

Use multiple strategies to compare and order no more than five real numbers expressed as integers, fractions, decimals, mixed numbers, percents, scientific notation, and radicals.

The student will investigate and describe the relationship between the subsets of the real number system.

Describe and illustrate the relationships among the subsets of the real number system by using representations (e.g., graphic organizers, number lines).

Classify and explain why a given number is a member of a particular subset or subsets of the real number system.

Illustrate the density of rational numbers on a number line.

The student will estimate and apply proportional reasoning and computational procedures to solve contextual problems.

Estimate and solve contextual problems that require the computation of one discount or markup and the resulting sale price.

Estimate and solve contextual problems that require the computation of the sales tax, tip and resulting total.

Estimate and solve contextual problems that require the computation of the percent increase or decrease.

The student will use the relationships among pairs of angles to determine the measure of unknown angles.

Identify and describe the relationship between pairs of angles that are vertical, adjacent, supplementary, and complementary.

Use the relationships among supplementary, complementary, vertical, and adjacent angles to solve problems involving the measure of unknown angles.

The student will investigate and determine the surface area of square-based pyramids and the volume of cones and square-based pyramids.

Determine the surface area of square-based pyramids by using concrete objects, nets, diagrams, and formulas.

Determine the volume of cones and square-based pyramids, using concrete objects, diagrams, and formulas.

Examine and explain the relationship between the volume of cones and cylinders, and the volume of rectangular prisms and square based pyramids.

Solve problems in context involving volume of cones and square-based pyramids and the surface area of square-based pyramids.

The student will apply translations and reflections to polygons in the coordinate plane.

Given a preimage in the coordinate plane, identify the coordinates of the image of a polygon that has been translated vertically, horizontally, or both.

Given a preimage in the coordinate plane, identify the coordinates of the image of a polygon that has been reflected over the x- or y-axis.

Identify the coordinates of the image of a polygon that has been translated and reflected over the x- or y-axis.

Sketch the image of a polygon that has been translated vertically, horizontally, or a combination of both.

Sketch the image of a polygon that has been reflected over the x- or y-axis.

Sketch the image of a polygon that has been translated and reflected over the x- or y-axis.

Identify and describe transformations in context (e.g., tiling, fabric, wallpaper designs, art).

The student will apply the Pythagorean Theorem to solve problems involving right triangles, including those in context.

Verify the Pythagorean Theorem using diagrams, concrete materials, and measurement.

Determine whether a triangle is a right triangle given the measures of its three sides.

Identify the parts of a right triangle (the hypotenuse and the legs) given figures in various orientations.

Determine the measure of a side of a right triangle, given the measures of the other two sides.

Apply the Pythagorean Theorem, and its converse, to solve problems involving right triangles in context.

The student will solve area and perimeter problems involving composite plane figures, including those in context.

Subdivide a plane figure into triangles, rectangles, squares, trapezoids, parallelograms, circles, and semicircles to determine area.

Subdivide a plane figure into triangles, rectangles, squares, trapezoids, parallelograms, and semicircles to determine perimeter.

Apply perimeter, circumference, and area formulas to solve contextual problems involving composite plane figures.

The student will use statistical investigation to determine the probability of independent and dependent events, including those in context.

Determine whether two events are independent or dependent and explain how replacement impacts the probability.

Compare and contrast the probability of independent and dependent events.

Determine the probability of two independent events.

Determine the probability of two dependent events.

The student will apply the data cycle (formulate questions; collect data; organize data; analyze data) with a focus on boxplots.

Formulate questions that require the collection or acquisition of data with a focus on boxplots.

Determine the data needed to answer a formulated question and collect the data using various methods.

Determine how statistical bias might affect whether the data collected from the sample is representative of the larger population.

Organize and represent a numeric data set of no more than 20 items, using boxplots, with and without technology.

Identify and describe the lower extreme, upper extreme, median, upper quartile, lower quartile, range, and interquartile range.

Describe how the presence of an extreme data point (outlier) affects the shape and spread of the data distribution of a boxplot.

Analyze data represented in a boxplot by making observations and drawing conclusions.

Compare and analyze two data sets represented in boxplots.

Given a contextual situation, justify which graphical representation best represents the data.

Identify components of graphical displays that can be misleading.

The student will apply the data cycle (formulate questions; collect data; organize data; analyze data) with a focus on scatterplots.

Formulate questions that require the collection or acquisition of data with a focus on scatterplots.

Determine the data needed to answer a formulated question and collect the data of no more than 20 items.

Organize and represent numeric bivariate data using scatterplots, with and without technology.

Make observations about a set of data points in a scatterplot as having a positive, negative, or no linear relationship.

Analyze and justify the relationship of the quantitative bivariate data represented in scatterplots.

Sketch the line of best fit for data represented in a scatterplot.

The student will represent, simplify, and generate equivalent algebraic expressions in one variable.

Represent algebraic expressions using concrete manipulatives or pictorial representations, including expressions that apply the distributive property.

Simplify and generate equivalent algebraic expressions in one variable by applying the order of operations and properties of real numbers.

The student will determine whether a given relation is a function and determine the domain and range of a function.

Determine whether a relation, represented by a set of ordered pairs, a table, or a graph of discrete points is a function.

Identify the domain and range of a function represented as a set of ordered pairs, a table, or a graph of discrete points.

The student will represent and solve problems by using linear functions and analyzing their key characteristics.

Determine how adding a constant (b) to the equation of a proportional relationship y = mx will translate the line on a graph.

Describe key characteristics of linear functions including slope (m), y-intercept (b), and independent and dependent variables.

Graph a linear function given a table, equation, or a situation in context.

Create a table of values for a linear function given a graph, equation in the form of y = mx + b, or context.

Write an equation of a linear function in the form y = mx + b, given a graph, table, or a situation in context.

Create a context for a linear function given a graph, table, or equation in the form y = mx + b.

The student will write and solve multistep linear equations in one variable, including problems in context.

Represent and solve multistep linear equations in one variable with the variable on one or both sides (up to four steps).

Apply properties of real numbers and properties of equality to solve multistep linear equations in one variable.

Write a multistep linear equation in one variable to represent a verbal situation, including those in context.

Create a verbal situation in context given a multistep linear equation in one variable.

Solve problems in context that require the solution of a multistep linear equation.

Interpret algebraic solutions in context to linear equations in one variable.

Confirm algebraic solutions to linear equations in one variable.

The student will write and solve multistep linear inequalities in one variable, including problems in context.

Apply properties of real numbers and properties of inequality to solve multistep linear inequalities (up to four steps).

Represent solutions to inequalities algebraically and graphically using a number line.

Write multistep linear inequalities in one variable to represent a verbal situation, including those in context.

Create a verbal situation in context given a multistep linear inequality in one variable.

Solve problems in context that require the solution of a multistep linear inequality in one variable.

Interpret algebraic solutions in context to linear inequalities in one variable.

Confirm algebraic solutions to linear inequalities in one variable.

The student will represent verbal quantitative situations algebraically and evaluate these expressions for given replacement values of the variables.

Translate between verbal quantitative situations and algebraic expressions, including contextual situations.

Evaluate algebraic expressions which include absolute value, square roots, and cube roots for given replacement values to include rational numbers.

The student will perform operations on and factor polynomial expressions in one variable.

Determine sums and differences of polynomial expressions in one variable, using a variety of strategies.

Determine the product of polynomial expressions in one variable, using a variety of strategies. The factors should be limited to five or fewer terms.

Factor completely first- and second-degree polynomials in one variable with integral coefficients.

Determine the quotient of polynomials, using a monomial or binomial divisor, or a completely factored divisor.

Represent and demonstrate equality of quadratic expressions in different forms.

The student will derive and apply the laws of exponents.

Derive the laws of exponents through explorations of patterns, to include products, quotients, and powers of bases.

Simplify multivariable expressions and ratios of monomial expressions in which the exponents are integers, using the laws of exponents.

The student will simplify and determine equivalent radical expressions.

Simplify square roots and cube roots of whole numbers.

Simplify radical expressions that include variables.

Perform operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication) with radical expressions.

Simplify expressions with rational exponents.

The student will represent, solve, explain, and interpret the solution to multistep linear equations and inequalities in one variable and literal equations.

Write a linear equation or inequality in one variable to represent a contextual situation.

Solve multistep linear equations in one variable, including those in contextual situations.

Solve multistep linear inequalities in one variable, including those in contextual situations.

Solve literal equations for a specified variable.

The student will represent, solve, and interpret the solution to a system of two linear equations and systems of linear inequalities in two variables.

Solve systems of two linear equations in two variables algebraically and graphically.

Solve systems of two linear inequalities in two variables graphically.

Represent and solve contextual situations using systems of linear equations or inequalities.

The student will represent, solve, and interpret the solution to quadratic equations in one variable.

Solve quadratic equations in one variable algebraically and graphically.

Represent and solve contextual situations using quadratic equations.

The student will represent and analyze linear functions and their characteristics.

Determine whether a relation, represented by a set of ordered pairs, a table, a mapping, or a graph is a function.

Determine the domain and range of a linear function.

Determine the slope and intercepts of a linear function.

Write the equation of a linear function given various information.

Graph linear functions and demonstrate an understanding of transformations.

Represent and solve contextual situations using linear functions.

The student will investigate, analyze, and compare characteristics of functions, including quadratic and exponential functions.

Determine the domain and range of quadratic and exponential functions.

Determine the zeros and intercepts of quadratic and exponential functions.

Graph quadratic and exponential functions and demonstrate an understanding of transformations.

Represent and solve contextual situations using quadratic and exponential functions.

Compare and contrast characteristics of linear, quadratic, and exponential functions.

The student will apply the data cycle with a focus on representing bivariate data in scatterplots and determining the curve of best fit.

Formulate investigative questions that require the collection or acquisition of bivariate data.

Determine what variables could be used to answer an investigative question.

Collect or acquire data using a variety of methods.

Represent data in a scatterplot and describe the relationship between the variables.

Determine the equation of the curve of best fit using linear and quadratic functions.

Make predictions using the curve of best fit.

Analyze data and communicate results based on the investigative question.

The student will translate logic statements, identify conditional statements, and use and interpret Venn diagrams.

Translate propositional statements and compound statements into symbolic form, including negations, conjunctions, disjunctions, conditionals, and biconditionals.

Identify and determine the validity of the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of a conditional statement.

Use Venn diagrams to represent set relationships, including union, intersection, subset, and negation.

Interpret Venn diagrams, including those representing contextual situations.

The student will analyze, prove, and justify the relationships of parallel lines cut by a transversal.

Prove and justify angle pair relationships formed by two parallel lines and a transversal.

Prove two or more lines are parallel given angle measurements expressed numerically or algebraically.

The student will solve problems, including contextual problems, involving symmetry and transformation.

Locate, count, and draw lines of symmetry given a figure, including figures in context.

Determine whether a figure has point symmetry, line symmetry, both, or neither.

Identify the transformation or combination of transformations given an image or preimage.

Predict and draw the image of a figure given a transformation or combination of transformations.

The student will determine the relationships between the measures of angles and lengths of sides in triangles.

Given the lengths of three segments, determine whether a triangle could be formed.

Given the lengths of two sides of a triangle, determine the range in which the length of the third side must lie.

Order the sides of a triangle by their lengths when given information about the measures of the angles.

Order the angles of a triangle by their measures when given information about the lengths of the sides.

Solve for interior and exterior angles of a triangle, when given two angles.

The student will prove and justify two triangles are congruent and solve problems involving measured attributes.

Use definitions, postulates, and theorems (SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS, HL) to prove triangles are congruent.

Solve problems involving measured attributes of congruent triangles.

The student will prove and justify two triangles are similar and solve problems involving measured attributes.

Use definitions, postulates, and theorems (SAS, SSS, AA) to prove triangles are similar.

Solve problems, including those in context, involving measured attributes of similar triangles.

The student will solve problems using right triangle relationships, including the Pythagorean Theorem and trigonometric ratios.

Use the Pythagorean Theorem and its converse to solve problems, including recognizing Pythagorean Triples.

Solve for missing lengths in geometric figures using properties of 45-45-90 triangles.

Solve for missing lengths in geometric figures using properties of 30-60-90 triangles.

Use trigonometric ratios (sine, cosine, tangent) to solve for missing sides and angles in right triangles.

The student will prove and justify theorems and properties of quadrilaterals and solve problems.

Solve problems using properties specific to parallelograms, rectangles, rhombi, squares, and trapezoids.

Prove and justify that quadrilaterals have specific properties using coordinate and algebraic methods.

Prove and justify theorems and properties of quadrilaterals using deductive reasoning.

The student will verify relationships and solve problems involving the number of sides and angles of convex polygons.

Solve problems involving the number of sides of a regular polygon given interior and exterior angles.

Justify the relationship between the sum of the measures of the interior and exterior angles of a convex polygon.

The student will solve problems involving angle and segment relationships in circles.

Solve problems involving arc length and area of a sector.

Solve problems involving angle and segment relationships (tangents, secants, chords).

The student will solve problems, including those in context, using the equation of a circle.

Identify the center and radius of a circle from its equation.

Write the equation of a circle given the center and radius or a point on the circle.

The student will solve problems involving surface area and volume of three-dimensional figures.

Solve problems involving surface area and volume of prisms, cylinders, pyramids, cones, and spheres.

Solve problems involving surface area and volume of composite figures.

The student will solve problems involving proportional reasoning and the relationship between area and volume.

Determine how changes in one or more dimensions affect area and volume.

Solve problems involving the relationship between area and volume of similar figures.

The student will simplify and perform operations on radical expressions and expressions containing rational exponents.

Simplify radical expressions.

Perform operations on radical expressions.

Convert between radical expressions and expressions containing rational exponents.

Simplify and perform operations on expressions containing rational exponents.

The student will simplify and perform operations on rational expressions.

Simplify rational expressions.

Perform operations on rational expressions.

The student will perform operations on polynomial expressions in two or more variables and factor polynomial expressions in one and two variables.

Perform operations on polynomial expressions in two or more variables.

Factor polynomial expressions in one and two variables.

The student will solve equations and inequalities, including those containing absolute value, radicals, and rational exponents.

Solve absolute value equations and inequalities.

Solve radical equations.

Solve equations containing rational exponents.

The student will solve quadratic equations in one variable over the set of complex numbers.

Identify and perform operations on complex numbers.

Solve a quadratic equation in one variable over the set of complex numbers algebraically.

The student will solve a system of equations in two variables containing a quadratic expression.

Create a linear-quadratic or quadratic-quadratic system of equations to model a practical situation.

Solve a linear-quadratic or quadratic-quadratic system of equations in two variables algebraically and graphically.

The student will investigate and analyze linear, quadratic, absolute value, exponential, logarithmic, radical, and rational function families and their inverse functions.

Determine the domain and range of a function.

Determine the inverse of a function.

Compare the domain and range of a function and its inverse.

The student will investigate and analyze the characteristics of functions, including domain, range, zeros, intercepts, extrema, and end behavior.

Determine the domain and range.

Determine the zeros.

Determine the intercepts.

Determine the extrema.

Determine the intervals on which a function is increasing or decreasing.

Determine the end behavior.

Determine the equations of any vertical and horizontal asymptotes.

The student will investigate and analyze transformations of functions.

Identify the parent function.

Describe the transformation.

Graph the transformed function.

The student will apply the data cycle to analyze and interpret data, including normal distributions and z-scores.

Identify the properties of a normal distribution.

Calculate and interpret z-scores.

Determine probabilities using the normal distribution.

The student will apply the data cycle to analyze and interpret data, including permutations and combinations.

Distinguish between permutations and combinations.

Calculate permutations and combinations.

Apply permutations and combinations to solve practical problems.

The student will identify and analyze the properties of polynomial, rational, piecewise-defined, absolute value, radical, and step functions and sketch the graphs of the functions.

The student will identify and analyze the properties of exponential and logarithmic functions and sketch the graphs of the functions.

The student will identify and analyze the properties of conic sections (circle, ellipse, parabola, and hyperbola) and sketch the graphs of the conic sections.

The student will use parametric equations to model and solve problems in context.

The student will use polar coordinates and polar equations to model and solve problems in context.

The student will use vectors to model and solve problems in context.

The student will use matrices to model and solve problems in context.

The student will use sequences and series to model and solve problems in context.

The student will use mathematical induction to prove statements.

The student will use a statistical cycle to formulate questions, describe types of data, data sources, and constraints within the context of a problem.

The student will compare and contrast data collection methods to plan and conduct an observational study or experiment.

The student will represent and analyze data using various graphical displays, including histograms, boxplots, and scatterplots.

The student will calculate and interpret measures of center (mean, median) and spread (standard deviation, IQR).

The student will analyze and interpret bivariate data, including correlation and linear regression.

The student will analyze and interpret data from normal distributions.

The student will organize information and apply probability rules to compute probabilities of events.

The student will represent and interpret situations using discrete random distributions, including binomial distributions.

The student will use sample statistics to estimate population parameters using confidence intervals.

The student will perform hypothesis testing to make decisions about population parameters.

The student will determine the limit of a function at a point and at infinity.

The student will determine the derivative of a function using the definition and derivative rules.

The student will apply the derivative to solve problems involving rates of change and optimization.

The student will determine the antiderivative and the definite integral of a function.

The student will apply the integral to solve problems involving area and volume.

The student will use a data cycle to formulate questions, collect and clean data, analyze data, and communicate results.

The student will use machine learning algorithms to model and solve problems.

The student will evaluate the ethics of data collection, analysis, and communication.

The student will use graph theory to model and solve problems involving networks and circuits.

The student will determine the degree and radian measure of angles and the values of trigonometric functions.

The student will verify trigonometric identities and solve trigonometric equations.

The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific and engineering practices.

asking questions and defining problems

planning and carrying out investigations

interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating data

constructing and handling models

obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information

The student will investigate and understand that pushes and pulls affect the motion of objects.

pushes and pulls can cause an object to move

pushes and pulls can change the direction of an object

changes in motion are related to the strength of the push or pull

The student will investigate and understand that physical properties of an object can be described.

colors

shapes and forms

textures and feel

relative sizes and weights of objects

The student will investigate and understand that water is important in our daily lives and has properties.

water has many uses

water can be found in many places

water occurs in different phases

water flows downhill

The student will investigate and understand that senses allow humans to seek, find, take in, and react to information.

the five basic senses correspond to specific human body structures

senses are used in our daily lives

The student will investigate and understand that there are differences between living organisms and nonliving objects.

The student will investigate and understand that plants and animals have basic needs and life processes.

animals need food, water, shelter, air, and space to survive

plants need nutrients, water, air, light, and space to survive

plants and animals change as they grow, have a life cycle, and respond to their environment

The student will investigate and understand that light influences temperature on Earth’s surfaces and can cause shadows.

sunlight warms Earth’s surfaces

shadows can be produced when sunlight or other light is blocked

The student will investigate and understand that there are patterns in nature.

daily weather

seasonal changes

day and night

The student will investigate and understand that change occurs over time.

natural and human-made things change over time

changes can be observed and measured

The student will investigate and understand that humans use resources.

some materials can be recycled, reused, or reduced

certain natural resources are found in Virginia

The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific and engineering practices.

Asking questions and defining problems.

Planning and carrying out investigations.

Interpreting, analyzing, and evaluating data.

Constructing and critiquing conclusions and explanations.

Developing and using models.

Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information.

The student will investigate and understand that objects can move in different ways.

Objects may have straight, circular, spinning, and back-and-forth motions.

Objects may vibrate and produce sound.

The student will investigate and understand that objects are made from materials that can be described by their physical properties.

Objects are made of one or more materials with different physical properties and can be used for a variety of purposes.

When a material is changed in size, most physical properties remain the same.

The type and amount of material determine how much light can pass through an object.

The student will investigate and understand that plants have basic life needs and functional parts that allow them to survive.

Plants need nutrients, air, water, light, and a place to grow.

Plants have parts (roots, stems, leaves, and flowers) with specific functions.

Plants can be classified based on their characteristics.

The student will investigate and understand that animals, including humans, have basic life needs and physical body parts that allow them to survive.

Animals need food, water, air, shelter, and space.

Animals have different body parts that allow them to seek food and shelter and to move.

The student will investigate and understand that there is a relationship between the sun and Earth.

The sun is the source of energy and light for Earth.

The sun’s relative position in the sky changes during the day.

The student will investigate and understand that there are weather and seasonal changes.

Changes in temperature, light, and precipitation occur over time.

There are relationships between daily weather and the seasons.

Changes in temperature, light, and precipitation affect plants and animals.

The student will investigate and understand that natural resources can be used responsibly.

Most natural resources are limited.

Human actions can affect the availability of natural resources.

Reducing, reusing, and recycling help conserve resources.

The student will demonstrate an understanding of scientific and engineering practices by asking questions and defining problems.

Ask questions and define problems based on observations to find more information about the natural and/or designed world.