Introduction: Beyond the Music (15 mins)

Let's start with your favorite K-pop group or song. What makes them popular not just in Korea, but around the world? Think about their music, visuals, fashion, and fan interactions. Today, we'll explore how this popularity connects to big ideas in government and international relations, like 'soft power'.

Activity: Watch a music video from a popular K-pop group (e.g., BTS, Blackpink, Stray Kids). While watching, jot down elements that you think appeal to a global audience.

Discussion Prompt: How might enjoying K-pop influence someone's perception of South Korea?

Part 1: What is Soft Power? (20 mins)

Governments try to influence other countries in different ways. 'Hard power' involves military force or economic pressure. 'Soft power', a term coined by Joseph Nye, is about attracting and persuading others through culture, political values, and foreign policies.

Activity: Read a short article or watch a brief explainer video defining 'soft power'. (Provide a link here).

Discussion Prompts:

• How is K-pop an example of soft power for South Korea?
• Can you think of other examples of soft power (e.g., American movies, Japanese anime, French cuisine)?
• Why might countries prefer using soft power over hard power?

Part 2: The Government's Role in the Hallyu Wave (25 mins)

The global spread of South Korean culture is often called the 'Hallyu Wave' or 'Korean Wave'. While the talent and creativity of artists are key, the South Korean government has also played a role.

Activity: Research online or read provided materials about how the South Korean government has historically supported or promoted its cultural industries, including K-pop. Look for specific ministries, policies, or funding initiatives.

Discussion Prompts:

• What specific actions did the South Korean government take to support K-pop and Hallyu?
• Why would a government invest in its cultural industries? What are the potential benefits (economic, political, social)?
• Do you think government involvement helps or hinders artistic creativity?

Part 3: Fandom as Global Citizenship? (25 mins)

K-pop fans (like the ARMY, BLINKs, etc.) are known for being highly organized and passionate. They don't just consume music; they translate lyrics, organize streaming parties, promote their favorite groups, and sometimes even engage in social or political activism.

Activity: Find examples of K-pop fandoms participating in positive social action (e.g., charity donations, environmental campaigns, matching donations for social justice causes). (Provide links or guide student search).

Discussion Prompts:

• How do these fan activities relate to the idea of 'citizenship'?
• Can online fan communities be considered a form of 'global community'? What responsibilities might come with being part of such a community?
• How does technology enable this form of global connection and action?
• Are there any potential downsides to this level of fan organization or influence?

Part 4: Critical Consumption & Conclusion (15 mins)

As K-pop becomes more global, it's important to think critically about its impact.

Discussion Prompts:

• What are some potential positive impacts of K-pop's global reach (e.g., cultural understanding, economic growth)?
• What are some potential negative aspects or criticisms (e.g., cultural appropriation, unrealistic beauty standards, industry pressure on idols, homogenization of culture)?
• As a global citizen consuming media from other cultures, what responsibilities do we have?

Wrap-up: Summarize the main points: K-pop as soft power, the government's role in culture, and fandom as a form of global community and potential civic action.

Assessment Activity (Optional Extension)

Choose one:

1. Write a short essay (1-2 pages) explaining how K-pop functions as soft power for South Korea, including both government strategies and fan contributions.
2. Create a short presentation (e.g., using slides or a poster) outlining a proposal for a 'cultural diplomacy' event using K-pop to promote cross-cultural understanding.
3. Imagine you are advising the South Korean Ministry of Culture. Write a brief memo suggesting one new way they could use K-pop to enhance South Korea's positive global image, while also addressing potential criticisms.