How to Build a Totem Pole

Building a totem pole is a fascinating and intricate process that requires not only artistic skill but also an understanding of cultural significance, woodworking techniques, and meticulous planning. Below is a detailed guide to help you create a totem pole.

Materials Needed

• Wood: Traditionally, red cedar is preferred due to its durability and ease of carving.
• Tools: Gouges, chisels, rasps, saws, and mallets are essential. Modern tools like chainsaws can also be useful.
• Protective Gear: Safety glasses, gloves, and dust masks.
• Paints and Sealants: Use outdoor paints and sealants to ensure longevity.

Step-by-Step Guide

1. Research and Planning

Before starting, it's crucial to understand the cultural and historical significance of totem poles, especially if they are part of a cultural heritage. Each figure on a totem pole represents a story or a characteristic significant to the tribe or family.

• Cultural Sensitivity: Make sure you have permission and understand the cultural implications.
• Design Concept: Sketch your designs beforehand. Decide on the figures and their order on the pole. Research symbolism and meaning.

2. Selecting and Preparing the Wood

• Choose the Wood: Select a high-quality piece of cedar, around 10-15 feet high, depending on your desired size.
• Debark: Remove the outer bark using a drawknife or a spud.
• Seasoning: Let the wood dry and season to prevent cracking later.

3. Carving the Totem Pole

• Rough Shaping: Use a chainsaw or adze to shape the log into a cylindrical form.
• Layout Design: Draw your designs directly onto the wood using charcoal or a pencil. This will guide your carving.
• Carving: Start with larger tools like gouges and chisels for the rough cut, and then move to finer tools for details. Always carve along the direction of the wood grain to avoid splintering.

4. Finishing Touches

• Sanding: Sand the surface smoothly to prepare it for painting and sealing.
• Painting: Use outdoor-grade paints. Traditional colors include red, black, blue, green, and yellow. Apply multiple coats if necessary.
• Sealant: Apply a clear outdoor wood sealant to protect the pole from the elements.

5. Raising the Totem Pole

Raising a totem pole is a communal activity that often involves many people.

• Digging a Hole: Dig a hole deep enough to support about one-third of the pole's height.
• Positioning: Carefully position the pole into the hole. Use supports and ropes to stabilize it.
• Securing: Fill the hole with concrete or packed dirt to secure the pole.

Helpful Tips

• Start Small: If you're new to woodworking or carving, begin with a smaller, simpler pole to develop your skills.
• Learn from Experts: Consider taking a class or workshop on woodworking and carving techniques from experienced artisans or cultural practitioners.
• Maintain: Inspect the totem pole regularly and reapply sealant every few years to ensure its longevity.
• Respect Tradition: Always approach totem pole creation with respect for the cultural significance and traditions it embodies.

By following these guidelines, you can create a meaningful and artistically impressive totem pole. Happy carving!