Materials Needed
- Wood: Traditionally, Inuit sleds (or qamutiks) were made using driftwood found along arctic shores. Modern versions might use different types of strong, flexible wood.
- Bone or Horn: Typically used for the runners, which are the parts of the sled that contact the ground.
- Rawhide or Synthetic Ropes: Used to bind the components of the sled together. In traditional sleds, sinew was often used.
- Seal Skins or Leathers: For covering certain parts of the sled and adding durability.
- Knife or Cutting Tools: For shaping the wood and bone.
- Awl or Drill: Used to make holes in the wood and bone.
- Sandstone or Files: To smooth out surfaces and edges.
Step-by-Step Instructions
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Design and Measure: Begin by designing your sled. A typical qamutik has a flat platform with runners on either side. The size can vary, but a common size for practicality is about 6 to 10 feet long and 2 feet wide.
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Prepare the Runners: Cut two long pieces of wood for the runners. Traditional Inuit sleds often used animal bones for this purpose, shaped into curved runners. The runners should be around 2 inches wide and 1 inch thick.
- Tip: Slightly curve the front of the runners upward to help glide over snow and obstacles.
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Shape the Frame: Cut and shape wood pieces to form the frame. These pieces should be placed across the runners to form the base of the sled. Secure these crosspieces to the runners using rawhide or synthetic rope. Ensure the knots are extremely tight to provide stability.
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Add Uprights: Attach upright wooden poles at regular intervals along the base. These poles, about 1-1.5 feet high, will help to hold cargo and keep everything in place on the sled.
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Secure Runners: To ensure smooth travel, attach strips of bone or horn to the bottom of the wooden runners. This will reduce friction against the snow. Smooth the runner surfaces with sandstone or files.
- Tip: If bone or horn isn't available, consider using modern materials like plastic or metal strips.
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Lashings and Reinforcements: Strengthen your sled by adding extra lashings at joints and critical stress points. Remember that the tighter and more secure the lashing, the more durable your sled will be.
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Cover the Platform: Cover the top of the sled's platform with seal skin or leather. This will help protect the wood and provide a smoother surface for placing cargo.
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Final Touches: Inspect your sled for any rough edges or potential weak points. Smooth out any remaining rough areas, and reinforce any parts that seem liable to stress.
- Tip: Test your sled on snow to check for balance and sturdiness. Make adjustments as necessary to ensure an even glide.
Helpful Tips
- Choose Dry Wood: When selecting wood, ensure it's dry and cured properly to avoid warping over time.
- Maintain Your Sled: Regularly check the tightness of the ropes and the condition of the runners. Repair any damage promptly to keep your sled in optimal condition.
- Consider Weather Conditions: Adapt your materials based on the typical weather conditions where you plan to use the sled. For extremely cold climates, traditional materials might outperform modern ones in flexibility and resilience.
By following these steps and utilizing traditional materials and techniques, you can create an efficient and durable Inuit sled. This project not only provides a functional piece of equipment but also honors the ingenuity and craftsmanship of the Inuit people.