Instructions
Read the information provided below, then answer the questions that follow. Use complete sentences where necessary.
Understanding HIV/AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), which are crucial for fighting off infections. Over time, if left untreated, HIV can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition where the immune system becomes severely damaged and unable to protect the body against infections and diseases.
How HIV Affects the Immune System
When HIV infects a person, it begins to replicate and destroy CD4 cells. A low level of CD4 cells can lead to opportunistic infections, illnesses, and even cancers, as the body can no longer effectively fight them off. The process is gradual and can take years, which is why regular testing and treatment are essential for managing the virus.
Transmission Methods
HIV can be transmitted in several ways, including:
- Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person.
- Sharing needles or syringes with someone who is HIV positive.
- Transfusion of infected blood or organ transplants.
- From an infected mother to her baby during childbirth or breastfeeding.
The Role of the Immune System
The immune system is the body's defense mechanism against infections. It is made up of white blood cells, antibodies, and various organs and tissues that work together to recognize and eliminate pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In a healthy individual, the immune response kicks in to identify and neutralize harmful invaders, thus protecting the body from disease.
Questions
1. Describe how HIV affects the immune system over time.
2. List three methods of HIV transmission and explain why each method is a risk.
3. In your own words, summarize the role of the immune system in protecting the body against illnesses.
4. Why is it important for people with HIV to receive regular medical care and treatment?
5. Research a recent fact or statistic about HIV/AIDS that you found interesting. Write it here: