Instructions
Read each question carefully. For Section A, circle the letter of the best answer. For Section B, write your answers in the space provided. Answer all 50 questions to the best of your ability. Good luck!
Section A: Objective Questions
-
Which part of the flower's pistil is sticky to catch pollen grains?
a) Ovary
b) Style
c) Stigma
d) Ovule -
The process of a liquid turning into a gas is called:
a) Condensation
b) Evaporation
c) Freezing
d) Dissolving -
In which organ are most nutrients absorbed from food into the bloodstream?
a) Stomach
b) Large Intestine
c) Oesophagus
d) Small Intestine -
An animal that hunts other animals for food is called a:
a) Prey
b) Herbivore
c) Predator
d) Producer -
The scattering of seeds far away from the parent plant is known as:
a) Germination
b) Dispersal
c) Pollination
d) Fertilisation -
Which of the following has a fixed shape and a fixed volume?
a) A gas
b) A liquid
c) A solid
d) Water Vapour -
A polar bear's white fur is an example of which adaptation?
a) Hibernation
b) Mimicry
c) Migration
d) Camouflage -
The female reproductive part of a flower, which contains the stigma, style, and ovary, is called the:
a) Petal
b) Stamen
c) Pistil
d) Sepal -
When water vapour in the air cools and turns into liquid water droplets on a cold glass, it is an example of:
a) Boiling
b) Evaporation
c) Condensation
d) Dissolving -
The process of digestion begins in the:
a) Stomach
b) Mouth
c) Small Intestine
d) Liver
Section B: Subjective Questions
Answer the following questions in detail.
Plant Life Cycle
- What are the three main parts of the pistil, the female part of a flower?
- Define pollination.
- Describe one way a flower might be adapted for pollination by wind.
- Describe one way a flower might be adapted for pollination by animals (like bees).
- What is fertilisation in a flowering plant?
- After fertilisation, what does the ovary of the flower develop into?
- After fertilisation, what do the ovules inside the ovary develop into?
- Why is it important for seeds to be dispersed away from the parent plant?
- Some seeds have hooks or barbs. Explain how this helps them get dispersed by animals.
- Some seeds have wing-like structures or are very light like parachutes. How does this help them get dispersed?
- What is germination?
- List the three things most seeds need to begin germination.
- What is the function of the stigma in a flower?
Adaptation
- What is a habitat?
- In your own words, what is an adaptation?
- A cactus lives in a hot, dry desert. Describe one adaptation it has to survive there.
- What is a predator?
- Describe one adaptation of an eagle that makes it a successful predator.
- What is prey?
- Describe one adaptation of a rabbit that helps it avoid being caught by predators.
- What is a behavioural adaptation?
- Hibernation is a behavioural adaptation. Explain what it is and why an animal might do it.
- Migration is another behavioural adaptation. Explain what it is.
- Explain how the sharp teeth of a lion are a physical adaptation for its diet.
The Digestive System
- What is the main purpose of the human digestive system?
- List these organs in the correct order that food passes through them: stomach, mouth, small intestine, oesophagus, large intestine.
- What is the first step of digestion that happens in the mouth?
- What is the job of the stomach?
- What is the main function of the small intestine?
- What is the main function of the large intestine?
- What is saliva and what are its two main functions in digestion?
- Why is it important to chew your food thoroughly before swallowing?
States of Matter
- Name the three common states of matter.
- Describe two properties of a solid.
- Describe two properties of a liquid.
- Describe two properties of a gas.
- What is evaporation? Give an example from everyday life.
- What is condensation? Give an example from everyday life.
- What is the main difference between boiling and evaporation?
- When you dissolve sugar in water to make a sweet drink, which substance is the solute and which is the solvent?
Answer Key
Section A
- c) Stigma
- b) Evaporation
- d) Small Intestine
- c) Predator
- b) Dispersal
- c) A solid
- d) Camouflage
- c) Pistil
- c) Condensation
- b) Mouth
Section B
- The three main parts are the stigma, style, and ovary.
- Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the male part (anther) of a flower to the female part (stigma).
- Flowers pollinated by wind are often small, dull-coloured, and do not have nectar or a strong scent. They produce a large amount of lightweight pollen.
- Flowers pollinated by animals are often brightly coloured, have a strong, sweet scent, and produce nectar to attract the animals.
- Fertilisation is the process where the male pollen grain joins with the female ovule inside the ovary.
- The ovary develops into the fruit.
- The ovules develop into seeds.
- It is important so that the young plants do not have to compete with the parent plant for resources like sunlight, water, and soil nutrients. It also helps the plant colonise new areas.
- The hooks or barbs catch onto the fur of passing animals. The animal carries the seed to a new location before it falls off.
- These features allow the seeds to be carried long distances by the wind.
- Germination is the process where a seed begins to sprout and grow into a young plant.
- The three things are warmth, water, and air (oxygen).
- The stigma is the sticky tip of the pistil that is responsible for catching pollen.
- A habitat is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
- An adaptation is a special feature or behaviour that helps a living thing survive in its environment.
- A cactus has a thick, waxy stem to store water and reduce water loss. It also has sharp spines instead of leaves to protect it from animals and reduce water loss. (Accept either answer)
- A predator is an animal that hunts and eats other animals for food.
- An eagle has sharp talons to catch prey and excellent eyesight to spot prey from high in the air. (Accept either answer)
- Prey is an animal that is hunted and eaten by another animal (a predator).
- A rabbit has long ears to hear predators from far away and powerful back legs for running fast to escape. (Accept either answer)
- A behavioural adaptation is something an animal does—a way it acts—to help it survive.
- Hibernation is a state of deep sleep that some animals go into during the winter. They do this to save energy and survive when food is scarce.
- Migration is the seasonal movement of animals from one region to another in search of food, better weather, or a place to have babies.
- The sharp teeth (canines and carnassials) of a lion are a physical adaptation for tearing meat from its prey.
- The main purpose is to break down the food we eat into smaller, simple nutrients that the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair.
- Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
- Food is broken down physically by the teeth (chewing) and chemically by saliva.
- The stomach mixes food with acid and enzymes to break it down further into a liquid paste.
- The main function of the small intestine is to continue breaking down food and to absorb the useful nutrients into the bloodstream.
- The main function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the remaining undigested food and form solid waste (faeces).
- Saliva is a liquid produced in the mouth. It moistens food to make it easier to swallow and contains an enzyme that begins to break down starches.
- Chewing breaks food into smaller pieces, which increases the surface area for digestive enzymes to work on, making digestion more efficient.
- Solid, liquid, and gas.
- A solid has a fixed shape and a fixed volume. Its particles are tightly packed and vibrate in place. (Accept any two)
- A liquid takes the shape of its container but has a fixed volume. Its particles can slide past one another. (Accept any two)
- A gas has no fixed shape and no fixed volume; it spreads out to fill its container. Its particles are far apart and move randomly and quickly. (Accept any two)
- Evaporation is the process where a liquid turns into a gas at the surface, without boiling. An example is a puddle drying up on a sunny day.
- Condensation is the process where a gas turns back into a liquid when it cools down. An example is water droplets forming on the outside of a cold drink can.
- Evaporation can happen at any temperature and only occurs at the surface of the liquid. Boiling happens at a specific temperature (the boiling point) and occurs throughout the entire liquid.
- The solute is the sugar (the substance that dissolves). The solvent is the water (the substance that does the dissolving).