Year 10 (Age 15) Social Studies Lesson: Pacific & Global Civics — Urbanisation, Migration, Cooperatives, SPREP, UN Agencies & Mapping Skills

Instructions

Welcome to your Social Studies lesson worksheet. This activity is designed to help you explore key concepts in society, culture, geography, and global cooperation. Read the instructions for each module carefully and answer the questions to the best of your ability. Think critically and use your knowledge to analyze the information presented.

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Module 1: The Movement of People: Urbanization & Migration

In this module, we'll explore why and how people move, and the impact this has on where and how we live. Let's examine the growth of towns and cities and the factors that push people from one place and pull them to another.

Part A: Multiple Choice

Read each question carefully and select the best possible answer.

1. What is 'belt development' in a town?
A. A place where several communication lines intersect
B. When a town or part of it grows in a narrow strip along a main road
C. An area around a town where no building is allowed
D. A distinct zone different from other belts in the town 2. What is the most common type of migration worldwide?
A. Movement from one region to another
B. Migration from rural areas to urban centers
C. Migration from urban areas back to rural areas
D. Moving from cities to farms 3. How do demographers apply the “push-pull” theory?
A. To explain why people immigrate
B. To describe changes in climate
C. To explain political changes
D. To describe geographical changes 4. Which of the following is an example of a push factor that causes people to leave a place?
A. Religious tolerance
B. Stable government
C. Plenty of job opportunities
D. War or famine 5. Which of these is NOT a requirement for a place to be considered a city?
A. Having an agricultural surplus
B. Urban production that is exchanged for food
C. A transportation system
D. A traditional social structure 6. Which was NOT a characteristic of early towns?
A. High walls built for protection against enemies
B. Large community buildings used for leisure and entertainment
C. Presence of law enforcement officers
D. Streets arranged in iron grid patterns 7. What does the term “rural” mean?
A. City
B. Countryside
C. Chicago
D. Dhaka 8. What is the term for parts of a town outside the central business district (C.B.D.)?
A. Residential areas
B. Suburbs
C. Rural areas
D. Administrative zone 9. Which of the following is an economic reason why people migrate?
A. They cannot find work
B. They are persecuted for their religion
C. They are fleeing from war
D. They do not like their government 10. Among these Pacific Island cities, which has the largest population?
A. Suva, Fiji
B. Noumea, New Caledonia
C. Port Vila, Vanuatu
D. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

Part B: Short Answer

Read the following text and answer the questions that follow.

Urbanization has reached a global tipping point with more than 50% of the world population now living in cities. It is projected that by 2020 more than half of the population in the Pacific will live in urban centres due to increasing rural-to-urban migration and the region’s high birth rates.
Source: https://unu.edu/publications/urbanisation-in-pacific-islands.html

a) Define the term ‘Urbanisation’.

___________________________________________________________

b) Approximately what percentage of the world’s population now lives in cities?

___________________________________________________________

c) State two factors mentioned that contribute to the growth of urban centers in the Pacific.

(i)__________________________________________________________

(ii)_________________________________________________________

d) Explain one pull factor that causes rural-to-urban drift.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

e) Name any two problems that might occur as a result of rapid urbanisation.

(i)__________________________________________________________

(ii)_________________________________________________________

f) For the problems you listed above, suggest one solution for each.

(i)__________________________________________________________

(ii)_________________________________________________________

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Module 2: Society, Rules, and Culture

Every society is built on a foundation of rules, values, and cultural practices. This module delves into how societies organize themselves, from the great Aztec empire to modern-day Vanuatu, and how customs can change over time.

Part A: Multiple Choice

Read each question carefully and select the best possible answer.

11. Which modern city is located on the site of the former Aztec empire capital, Tenochtitlan?
A. Mexico City
B. Texcoco
C. Acapulco
D. Cortes 12. Read the notice below and answer the question.
[A notice is displayed showing "House Rules: 1. No loud music after 10 PM. 2. Clean up your own mess. 3. Guests must leave by 11 PM."]
This notice is an example of a:
A. Rule
B. Manner
C. Regulation
D. Norm 13. Which of the following is the best example of a traditional Pacific value?
A. Relying on extended family networks.
B. Social status determined by individual wealth.
C. Success measured by financial achievement.
D. Living in nuclear family units. 14. Imagine you are shipwrecked with friends on an uninhabited Pacific Island for one year. Which type of rules would be most essential to create first?
A. Family council rules
B. Rules for survival
C. Rules for swimming
D. Rules for worship 15. Manners are a part of the norms of behaviour. They are usually:
A. a set of written rules.
B. behaviours used within the family.
C. unwritten rules for behaviour used within society.
D. rules for running a country. 16. Slaves in ancient cities often had to live:
A. outside the city.
B. in warehouses.
C. in large houses.
D. in multi-story apartments (storeys). 17. A _______ is a person who is trained to do only one kind of work.
A. specialist
B. practitioner
C. medicine
D. trainer

Part B: Short Answer & Essay

Study the context provided and answer the questions that follow.

Context 1: Traditional Marriage
[Image: A depiction of a traditional arranged marriage ceremony in Vanuatu]

a) In the past, what was the common practice for "Arranging Marriage" in many traditional societies?

_________________________________________________________________________

b) Suggest two reasons why arranged marriage was practiced.

(i)______________________________________________________________________

(ii)_____________________________________________________________________

c) Is this practice still common today? Give two reasons to support your answer.

Opinion: ________________________

Reason 1: __________________________________________________________________

Reason 2: __________________________________________________________________

Context 2: Commercialization of Culture
[Image: A photograph of the Naghol, or land-diving ceremony, in Pentecost Island, Vanuatu]

d) The statement "Some traditional customs are being commercialised" means that cultural practices are being turned into products or services to be sold for money. Explain why you think a custom like land-diving has been commercialized.

_________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

e) List two other examples of commercialisation of culture in the Pacific or elsewhere.

(i)______________________________________________________________________

(ii)_____________________________________________________________________

Essay: The Commercialization of Tradition

In a short essay, answer the following questions:

• What does the phrase ‘Commercialization of Traditional Custom’ mean? (2 marks)
• Give an example of a traditional custom that has been commercialized in your country or region. (2 marks)
• Describe why you think this traditional custom has been commercialized. (3 marks)
• Suggest and explain three ways we can conserve our traditional customs without them being fully commercialized. (3 marks)

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Module 3: Working Together: Economy & Labor

This module focuses on how people organize for work and business. We'll look at the roles of trade unions, the structure of cooperatives, and the concept of division of labor.

Part A: Multiple Choice

Read each question carefully and select the best possible answer.

18. Which of these is NOT a basic rule for running a cooperative?
A. Anyone can join regardless of age, gender, or race
B. Every shareholder has an equal right to vote
C. Some profits are reinvested in running the store
D. Members are allowed to buy goods on credit 19. What is the best definition of a Trade Union?
A. An organization that advocates for workers’ rights and better working conditions.
B. An organization responsible for finding jobs for unskilled workers.
C. A group of people who all perform the same type of work, such as teachers.
D. Different groups of workers with similar complaints but doing different jobs. 20. Why were cooperatives originally formed?
A. To protect consumers from being cheated by landlords and shopkeepers.
B. To provide members with opportunities to buy shares and save money.
C. To encourage a spirit of cooperation among consumers.
D. To give members extra money for Christmas. 21. What can cause boredom in the division of labour?
A. Increased efficiency
B. Doing the same work over and over again
C. Less time required to complete work
D. Excellent salary 22. Who has limited liability (legal responsibility) in a cooperative society?
A. The Managing Committee
B. The Registrar
C. The Members
D. The Secretary

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Module 4: Global Connections: International Organizations

Countries often work together to solve shared problems. This section examines some of the key regional and global organizations that influence trade, environment, law, and human well-being.

Part A: Multiple Choice

Read each question carefully and select the best possible answer.

23. The ACP organization is made up of countries from which regions?
A. America, China, and the Pacific
B. Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific
C. Asia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific
D. Asia, Central America, and the Pacific 24. Study the information about SPREP below.
[Image: SPREP Logo - Shows a human figure on an island with a coconut palm, under the Southern Cross, surrounded by waves]
SPREP was established in which year and where is its headquarters?
A. 1957, Suva, Fiji
B. 1993, Apia, Samoa
C. 1972, Honiara, Solomon Islands
D. 1970, Noumea, New Caledonia 25. How does the SPREP logo represent the closeness between people and the environment?
A. The coconut palm
B. The Southern Cross
C. The human figure on the island
D. The waves representing the sea 26. Read the extract below about the European Union (EU) and answer the questions.

The process of creating a new policy begins with the European Commission. A proposal then goes to the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union for review. The European Parliament debates and votes on the proposal.

How many main bodies must a proposal for a new policy pass through for review and debate?
A. 3
B. 1
C. 2
D. 4 27. Based on the extract, what is the primary function of the European Parliament?
A. Law-making
B. Creating new policies and operating laws
C. Debating and enforcing laws
D. Debating and voting on proposed laws 28. Why is the European Union important to Pacific countries?
A. It is the largest exporter of goods to the Pacific
B. Goods are imported from the EU at cheaper prices
C. It is an important trading and aid donor partner
D. It operates under the terms of the Lomé Convention 29. The headquarters of the United Nations Organization is located in:
A. New York
B. Paris
C. London
D. Tokyo

Part B: Matching

Match the United Nations agency with its primary mission. Draw a line connecting the agency to its correct aim.

Agency		Aim / Purpose
UNESCO	▪         ▪	to eliminate hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition.
UNICEF	▪         ▪	to build peace through international cooperation in education, science, and culture.
WHO	▪         ▪	to maintain international peace and security.
FAO	▪         ▪	to achieve the highest possible level of health for all people.
UN Security Council	▪         ▪	to protect the rights of every child and help them reach their full potential.

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Module 5: Mapping the World

Understanding maps is a fundamental skill in social studies. This final module tests your knowledge of global geography.

Context: World Map
[A blank world map is provided here, showing country outlines.]

a) Using your geographical knowledge, list the five largest countries in the world by land area, from largest to smallest.

1. Russia

2. _________________________________

3. _________________________________

4. _________________________________

5. _________________________________

b) On the world map provided, use a different color for each of the five largest countries and color them in. Create a key in the corner of the map to show which color represents which country.

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Answer Key

Module 1: The Movement of People: Urbanization & Migration

Part A: Multiple Choice

1. B. When a town or part of it grows in a narrow strip along a main road
2. B. Migration from rural areas to urban centers
3. A. To explain why people immigrate
4. D. War or famine
5. D. A traditional social structure
6. D. Streets arranged in iron grid patterns
7. B. Countryside
8. B. Suburbs
9. A. They cannot find work
10. D. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea

Part B: Short Answer

1. Urbanisation is the process of a country's population shifting from rural areas to urban areas (cities and towns), and the ways in which society adapts to this change.
2. More than 50% (or over half).
3. (i) Increasing rural-to-urban migration, (ii) The region’s high birth rates.
4. A pull factor is something that attracts people to a place. An example is the prospect of better job opportunities or access to better education and healthcare in cities.
5. (i) Overcrowding / Housing shortages, (ii) Increased pollution / Strain on infrastructure (e.g., water, sanitation, transport). (Other valid answers include unemployment, crime).
6. (i) For overcrowding: Invest in affordable housing projects. (ii) For pollution: Improve public transportation to reduce car use. (Other valid answers include decentralizing services to smaller towns, improving waste management systems).

Module 2: Society, Rules, and Culture

Part A: Multiple Choice

11. A. Mexico City
12. A. Rule
13. A. Relying on extended family networks.
14. B. Rules for survival
15. C. unwritten rules for behaviour used within society.
16. A. outside the city. (Note: This can vary by culture, but often they lived separately or in the least desirable areas).
17. A. specialist

Part B: Short Answer & Essay

1. Marriages were often arranged by the parents or elders of the families, rather than by the individuals themselves.
2. (i) To strengthen alliances between families, clans, or tribes. (ii) To ensure social and economic stability for the couple and their families.
3. Opinion: No. Reasons: (1) Modern education and western influence emphasize individual choice and romantic love. (2) People move away from their villages for work, meeting partners independently.
4. Land-diving has been commercialized primarily for tourism. It is a unique and spectacular event that attracts international visitors who are willing to pay to see it, generating income for the local community.
5. (i) Hula dancing in Hawaii performed for tourist luaus. (ii) The selling of traditional crafts like carvings or woven mats as souvenirs.

Essay (Model Answer Points):

• Meaning: Commercialization of traditional custom means taking a cultural practice, ritual, or art form and turning it into a product or experience that can be bought and sold for profit. The focus shifts from cultural/spiritual meaning to economic value.
• Example: In Vanuatu, land-diving (Naghol) has been commercialized. It was originally a ritual related to the yam harvest.
• Why: It has been commercialized to attract tourists and generate income for the local people on Pentecost Island. It provides jobs and brings foreign money into the community, but it also means the ceremony is now scheduled and performed for an outside audience.
• Conservation: (1) Community Control: Ensure that the local community, especially the elders, has full control over how the custom is shared and who profits from it. (2) Education: Create programs in schools and community centers to teach young people the original meaning and importance of the custom, separate from its commercial use. (3) Authentic vs. Tourist Versions: Designate certain performances or products specifically for tourists, while preserving the original, authentic ceremonies for the community itself at culturally appropriate times.

Module 3: Working Together: Economy & Labor

Part A: Multiple Choice

18. D. Members are allowed to buy goods on credit (This is not a universal rule and is often discouraged).
19. A. An organization that advocates for workers’ rights and better working conditions.
20. A. To protect consumers from being cheated by landlords and shopkeepers.
21. B. Doing the same work over and over again
22. C. The Members (Their liability is limited to the amount they invested in shares).

Module 4: Global Connections: International Organizations

Part A: Multiple Choice

23. B. Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific
24. B. 1993, Apia, Samoa
25. C. The human figure on the island (This directly shows the connection between people and their island environment).
26. C. 2 (The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union).
27. D. Debating and voting on proposed laws
28. C. It is an important trading and aid donor partner
29. A. New York

Part B: Matching

• UNESCO → to build peace through international cooperation in education, science, and culture.
• UNICEF → to protect the rights of every child and help them reach their full potential.
• WHO → to achieve the highest possible level of health for all people.
• FAO → to eliminate hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition.
• UN Security Council → to maintain international peace and security.

Module 5: Mapping the World

a) Largest countries by land area:
1. Russia
2. Canada
3. China
4. United States of America
5. Brazil

b) The student should have correctly colored and labeled these five countries on the provided world map.