Instructions
This worksheet covers various topics in Social Studies, including natural resources, environmental issues, economics, and industry. Please answer all questions to the best of your ability. For multiple-choice questions, circle the letter of the most appropriate answer. For short-answer questions, write your response in the space provided. For the final section, indicate whether each statement is True or False.
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Circle the letter of the best answer of your choice.
1. A branch or trunk of a tree that is burnt to provide heat energy is called:
A. Fragile
B. Forest reserve
C. Fossil fuel
D. Fuel wood
2. An ore is a mineral containing:
A. plants
B. water
C. rocks
D. fossil fuel
3. The sea water covers how many quarters of the Earth's surface?
A. 4 quarters
B. 3 quarters
C. ½
D. none of the above
4. Which of the following is a type of energy made from the power of moving water?
A. Hydro-electric
B. Natural gas
C. Wind energy
D. Solar radiation
5. The ocean covers about ___ of the Earth's surface, but this cannot be used for drinking, washing or watering crops.
A. 75%
B. 70%
C. 65%
D. 60%
6. About 275,000 million tonnes of fresh water comes from:
A. rivers
B. rain
C. streams
D. water-fall
7. Water goes round and round from the earth to the sky and back. This process is known as
A. life-cycle
B. precipitation
C. water-cycle
D. condensation
8. The most fertile part of the soil is the:
A. bedrock
B. subsoil
C. topsoil
D. humus
9. Good soil contains important minerals for the plants to use for good growth. One of the elements is:
A. phosphorous
B. calcium
C. vitamin
D. iron
10. Chemicals from factories, sewage disposal into the river helps:
A. increase the oxygen content of the water
B. lower the carbon dioxide content of the water
C. lower the oxygen content of the water
D. increase the carbon dioxide content of the water
11. When parts of the environment are being deliberately destroyed, this is called:
A. cannibalism
B. vandalism
C. racism
D. criticism
12. One example of vandalism is:
A. breaking the notice board
B. cutting the trees down
C. polluting the water
D. making necessary noise
13. When resources are overused or misused, we can say that it is:
A. conservation
B. sold
C. making a lot of money
D. exploitation
14. Which one of the resources below would be a tourist resource?
A. soil
B. rain
C. sunshine
D. minerals
15. The letters 'E.E.Z', stands for one of the meanings below. Which one?
A. Economic Ecotourism Zone
B. Exclusive Economic Zone
C. Environment Extension Zone
D. European Economic Zone
16. Which of the following is an example of a secondary industry product?
A. a timber
B. a whale fish
C. a fossil fuel
D. a forest
17. Mining is an example of:
A. water pollution
B. air pollution
C. noise pollution
D. land pollution
18. The best way to stop vandalism is to:
A. use the police to chase the vandals
B. have them killed
C. educate them through education to take care of their environment
D. set up CCTV cameras everywhere
19. The richer countries produce more pollution because they have:
A. many thousands of cars, so they produce more exhaust fumes
B. many thousands of factories, so they produce a greater quantity of products
C. many thousands of people, so they produce greater quantity of products
D. many thousands of people, so they produce a greater quantity of waste
20. Inflation is best described as:
A. A decrease in the general price of goods and services.
B. The value of money staying exactly the same.
C. An increase in the general price of goods and services.
D. The process of printing new money.
21. When we work in order to satisfy our basic needs, it is said that we are engaged in:
A. an economic activity
B. a leisure activity
C. a social activity
D. a political activity
22. Another word for doing a job or work is:
A. profession
B. skill
C. employment
D. experience
23. Subsistence farming is:
A. growing crops to earn money
B. growing crops to feed animals
C. growing crops to feed the family
D. growing crops to export
24. A paid occupation is called
A. subsistence farming
B. a rural occupation
C. economic
D. employment
25. The big companies that own more than 50 hectares of land for coconuts are:
A. plantation production
B. smallholder production
C. village production
D. city production
26. Primary industry refers to:
A. manufacturing or making something by changing raw material into a more useful form.
B. extracting or taking raw materials from the environment
C. providing a service to other people
D. occupying rural land
27. Coconut and cocoa are grown to be sold to earn money. These crops are called
A. root crop
B. agriculture crop
C. cash-crop
D. mixed crop
28. The first stage of copra production is:
A. collecting nuts and making a heap
B. splitting the nuts
C. removing the white meat of the coconut
D. putting them into the bag
30. V. C. M. B stands for:
A. Vanuatu Copra Marketing board
B. Vanuatu Commodities Marketing Board
C. Vanuatu Commodities Management Board
D. Vanuatu Commodities Marketing Brand
31. In order to understand that the population is increasing, it is important to calculate how many people actually live in one particular area. This is called the
A. doubling time
B. density of population
C. net migration
D. natural increase
32. According to the textbook "Using Resources" the notes show us that most people of the world live in:
A. Europe
B. North America
C. South and East Asia
D. Africa
33. The word "Calorie" refers to the amount of:
A. work each person does
B. money each person receives
C. water each person drinks
D. food each person eats
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
Write the answers to the questions below:
1. State three ways in which energy is obtained. Give an actual example of each.
i)_________________________________________________________________________
Example: _________________________________________________________
ii)_________________________________________________________________________
Example: __________________________________________________________
iii)________________________________________________________________________
Example: __________________________________________________________
2. Why are petroleum and coal called non-renewable resources?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. List 4 ways in which petroleum helps us in our daily lives in Vanuatu.
1) ________________________________________________________________________
2) ________________________________________________________________________
3) ________________________________________________________________________
4) ________________________________________________________________________
4. Why do you think that the world’s petroleum resources are being exploited so rapidly?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Explain how coal is obtained.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. State the principal mineral resources for Fiji, New Caledonia and P.N.G.
A. Fiji: ____________________________________________________________________
B. New Caledonia: __________________________________________________________
C. Papua New Guinea: ________________________________________________________
7. Briefly explain what is pollution.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What do we mean when we say the marine is a resource?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. Explain in a few words what will happen to our marine resources if we are not careful.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
10. Give one example of a marine resource that was hunted 200 years ago and state the reason why they were being hunted.
A. Example: ________________________________________________________________
B. Reason: _________________________________________________________________
11. Why is fish farming important?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
12. Briefly explain the main causes of the following types of pollution. Give an actual example to support your answer.
A. Land pollution: ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
B. Water pollution: ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
C. Air pollution: ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
13. Can pollution change water resources from being renewable to non-renewable? Explain the reason why this would be a serious problem for the world.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
14. Name five ways in which forests serve humans:
i) ___________________ ii) ___________________ iii) ___________________
iv) ___________________ v) ____________________
15. Give two disadvantages of a rainforest:
i) ________________________________ ii) _____________________________
16. Name two ways in which humans destroy our rainforest.
i) ________________________________ ii) ______________________________
17. Name the four layers of the tropical rainforest:
i) __________________________ ii) _____________________________
iii) ________________________ iv) _____________________________
18. Give two locations of a hot desert.
i) ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬___________________________ ii) ______________________________
19. Give two locations of a cold desert.
i) _____________________________ ii) ______________________________
20. Make a list of all the natural resources of Efate Island under three headings:
A. Resources for farming: __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
B. Resources for tourism: __________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
C. Resources for secondary Industry: ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
21. Why do you think most people in the world today have to work for cash in order to satisfy their basic needs?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
22. List three factors for different housing around the world
i) ___________________________ ii) ___________________________
iii) __________________________
23. What is a tourist?
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
24. In your own words, define ‘Tourism’ and briefly describe its main economic impact on a small island nation.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
SECTION C: TRUE OR FALSE
For each statement below, determine whether it is factually correct or incorrect. Write T (for True) or F (for False) in the column provided.
- The earth is a perfect sphere. _________
- Most of the world’s population lives in polar regions. _________
- If inflation is high, your 1,000 VT note can buy more goods today than it could last year. _________
- The CPI 'basket of goods' only includes luxury items like speedboats and designer clothes. _________
- Deflation is when the general level of prices in the economy is falling. _________
- 'Wants' are things that are essential for survival, like water and shelter. _________
- Before modern currency, items like pigs with curved tusks and woven mats were sometimes used for trade in Vanuatu. ________
- A budget can help you see where your money is going and identify areas where you can save. _________
- The value of the Vatu, when compared to a currency like the Australian Dollar, never changes. _________
Answer Key
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
- D. Fuel wood - This is the specific term for wood burned for energy.
- C. rocks - An ore is a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements, typically metals, that can be economically extracted.
- B. 3 quarters - The oceans cover approximately 71-75% of the Earth's surface, which is best represented as three-quarters.
- A. Hydro-electric - "Hydro" relates to water. Hydro-electric power is generated by the force of flowing or falling water turning turbines.
- A. 75% - As with question 3, about 75% (or three-quarters) of the Earth is covered by ocean. Its high salt content makes it unusable for drinking or most agriculture.
- B. rain - Rain is the primary source of freshwater on Earth through the process of precipitation in the water cycle.
- C. water-cycle - This is the correct term for the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.
- C. topsoil - Topsoil is the upper layer of soil, rich in organic matter (humus) and microorganisms, making it the most fertile for plant growth.
- A. phosphorous - Phosphorus is one of the three main macronutrients (along with nitrogen and potassium) essential for plant growth.
- C. lower the oxygen content of the water - When sewage and chemicals enter water, microorganisms decompose them, using up dissolved oxygen in the process. This is called eutrophication.
- B. vandalism - Vandalism is the willful or malicious destruction of public or private property.
- A. breaking the notice board - This is a direct act of destroying property. Cutting trees is deforestation, and polluting water is pollution; they are not typically classified as vandalism.
- D. exploitation - This term refers to the action of using resources, often unfairly or selfishly for one's own profit.
- C. sunshine - A pleasant climate with plenty of sunshine is a major natural resource that attracts tourists to destinations like Vanuatu.
- B. Exclusive Economic Zone - An EEZ is a sea zone prescribed by the UN over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources.
- A. a timber - This implies processed wood (like a plank or beam), which is a secondary product made from a raw material (a tree). A whale, fossil fuel, and a forest are all primary resources.
- D. land pollution - Mining involves digging up large areas of land, creating waste rock, and sometimes leaking harmful chemicals, all of which are forms of land pollution.
- C. educate them through education to take care of their environment - While policing and surveillance can deter some, education is the most effective long-term solution to foster respect for property and the environment.
- B. many thousands of factories, so they produce a greater quantity of products - Industrialization is a key driver of pollution. Richer countries have more factories, leading to higher levels of industrial emissions and waste.
- C. An increase in the general price of goods and services. - This is the definition of inflation. It means the purchasing power of money decreases over time.
- A. an economic activity - Any action that involves producing, distributing, or consuming products or services is an economic activity.
- C. employment - Employment is the state of having a paid job.
- C. growing crops to feed the family - Subsistence means producing just enough to meet one's own immediate needs with little or no surplus for trade.
- D. employment - A paid occupation is the definition of employment.
- A. plantation production - A plantation is a large-scale estate or farm, typically in a tropical or subtropical country, where crops are grown for sale.
- B. extracting or taking raw materials from the environment - This is the definition of the primary sector of the economy (e.g., farming, mining, fishing).
- C. cash-crop - These are crops grown for their commercial value and to be sold on the market, rather than for use by the grower.
- A. collecting nuts and making a heap - Before any processing can begin, the raw material (coconuts) must be gathered.
- B. Vanuatu Commodities Marketing Board - VCMB is the official body in Vanuatu responsible for marketing key agricultural exports like copra, cocoa, and kava.
- B. density of population - This is the measurement of population per unit of area (e.g., people per square kilometer).
- C. South and East Asia - This region, including countries like China and India, has the highest population density and contains over half of the world's total population.
- D. food each person eats - A Calorie is a unit of energy, most commonly used to describe the energy content of food and beverages.
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
- State three ways in which energy is obtained.
i) Burning fossil fuels. Example: Burning coal to power an electricity plant.
ii) Harnessing renewable sources. Example: Using solar panels to capture energy from the sun.
iii) Burning biomass. Example: Burning firewood for cooking or heating. - Why are petroleum and coal called non-renewable resources?
They are called non-renewable because they were formed from the remains of ancient organisms over millions of years and cannot be replaced within a human lifespan. Once we use them up, they are gone forever. - List 4 ways in which petroleum helps us in our daily lives in Vanuatu.
1) Fuel for transportation (cars, buses, boats, planes).
2) Generating electricity for homes and businesses.
3) Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for cooking.
4) Manufacturing of plastics, lubricants, and other synthetic materials. - Why are the world’s petroleum resources being exploited so rapidly?
They are being exploited rapidly due to the high global demand for energy to power industries, transportation, and homes, driven by population growth and economic development. - Explain how coal is obtained.
Coal is obtained through mining. This can be done through surface mining (stripping away the top layers of soil and rock) or underground mining (digging tunnels deep into the earth). - Principal mineral resources:
A. Fiji: Gold
B. New Caledonia: Nickel
C. Papua New Guinea: Copper and Gold - Briefly explain what is pollution.
Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the natural environment which cause adverse or damaging effects. - What do we mean when we say the marine is a resource?
It means the ocean and its ecosystems provide valuable things for humans, such as food (fish, seafood), transportation routes, minerals, tourism opportunities (reefs, beaches), and climate regulation. - What will happen to our marine resources if we are not careful?
If we are not careful, we could cause overfishing, leading to the collapse of fish populations, and pollution could kill marine life and destroy habitats like coral reefs. - Marine resource hunted 200 years ago:
A. Example: Whales
B. Reason: They were hunted for their blubber, which was rendered into oil to be used in lamps for light. - Why is fish farming important?
Fish farming (aquaculture) is important because it provides a consistent supply of seafood, which reduces the pressure on wild fish stocks that are often overfished. It also creates jobs and supports local economies. - Causes of pollution:
A. Land pollution: Caused by improper disposal of waste, industrial and agricultural chemicals, and mining. Example: A community rubbish dump leaking toxins into the soil.
B. Water pollution: Caused by sewage, industrial waste, oil spills, and agricultural runoff (fertilizers/pesticides). Example: Untreated sewage being piped directly into a river or the sea.
C. Air pollution: Caused by exhaust fumes from vehicles, emissions from factories, and burning of fossil fuels or waste. Example: Thick smoke from a factory chimney releasing pollutants into the atmosphere. - Can pollution change water resources from being renewable to non-renewable?
Yes. While the water cycle itself is renewable, severe pollution (e.g., from heavy metals or persistent chemicals) can contaminate a water source like an aquifer or a lake so badly that it becomes unusable for hundreds or thousands of years, making it effectively non-renewable for human purposes. This is serious because clean, fresh water is essential for all life, and its scarcity can lead to disease, famine, and conflict. - Five ways forests serve humans:
i) Provide timber/wood, ii) Produce oxygen, iii) Prevent soil erosion, iv) Provide habitat for biodiversity, v) Source of food, medicine, and other products. - Two disadvantages of a rainforest:
i) The dense environment can be a breeding ground for diseases like malaria.
ii) The soil is often surprisingly poor for agriculture once the trees are cleared. - Two ways humans destroy our rainforest:
i) Deforestation (logging) for timber.
ii) Clearing land for agriculture (e.g., cattle ranching, palm oil plantations). - Four layers of the tropical rainforest:
i) Emergent Layer, ii) Canopy Layer, iii) Understory Layer, iv) Forest Floor. - Two locations of a hot desert:
i) The Sahara Desert (North Africa)
ii) The Arabian Desert (Middle East) - Two locations of a cold desert:
i) The Gobi Desert (Asia)
ii) Antarctica - Natural resources of Efate Island:
A. Resources for farming: Fertile volcanic soil, tropical climate for growing crops like kava and root vegetables, land for cattle grazing.
B. Resources for tourism: Coral reefs for diving/snorkeling, beautiful beaches, natural harbors (Port Vila), waterfalls.
C. Resources for secondary Industry: Timber for construction, agricultural products (e.g., coconuts for copra oil), stone and sand for building materials. - Why do people work for cash?
In modern society, economies are based on specialization. People cannot produce everything they need (food, housing, transport, healthcare) themselves. They work for cash to trade for the goods and services produced by others. - Three factors for different housing around the world:
i) Climate (e.g., steep roofs for snow, open designs for heat).
ii) Available materials (e.g., wood, mud brick, stone).
iii) Culture and economy (e.g., family size, wealth, tradition). - What is a tourist?
A tourist is a person who travels to and stays in places outside their usual environment for more than 24 hours for purposes of leisure, business, or other reasons. - Define ‘Tourism’ and its economic impact:
Tourism is the business of providing services like transport, accommodation, and entertainment for people who are travelling. For a small island nation, its main economic impact is creating jobs and bringing in foreign currency, which boosts the economy.
SECTION C: TRUE OR FALSE
- F - The Earth is an oblate spheroid, meaning it is slightly flattened at the poles and bulges at the equator.
- F - Most of the world's population lives in temperate and tropical climate zones. Polar regions are very sparsely populated.
- F - High inflation means the value of money is decreasing. Your 1,000 VT note would buy *less* than it could last year.
- F - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) 'basket' is designed to represent the spending of a typical household and includes everyday items like food, housing, transport, and healthcare.
- T - Deflation is the opposite of inflation; it is a general decline in prices for goods and services.
- F - This statement describes 'needs'. 'Wants' are things that are desired but not essential for survival, like a new phone or a vacation.
- T - Before cash currency was common, Vanuatu used a traditional economy where valuable items like these were used for exchange.
- T - This is the primary function of a budget—to track income and expenses to manage money effectively.
- F - The value of currencies relative to each other (the exchange rate) changes constantly due to factors like trade, investment, and economic stability.