General Certificate of Secondary Education

England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

The GCSE is the primary qualification taken by students aged 14–16 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It provides a comprehensive assessment of knowledge and skills across a wide range of academic and vocational subjects, serving as the gateway to further education (A-levels, T-levels) and employment.

General Certificate of Secondary Education

The GCSE is the primary qualification taken by students aged 14–16 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It provides a comprehensive assessment of knowledge and skills across a wide range of academic and vocational subjects, serving as the gateway to further education (A-levels, T-levels) and employment.

Governing Body: Ofqual (England), Qualifications Wales (Wales), CCEA (Northern Ireland)

Year Adopted: 2014

Grade Levels Covered

Year 10, Year 11

English Language

Key Stage 4 (Years 10-11)

AO1 Reading

Identify and interpret explicit and implicit information and ideas; select and synthesise evidence from different texts.

Key skills: inference, deduction, evidence selection, synthesis
AO2 Reading

Explain, comment on and analyse how writers use language and structure to achieve effects and influence readers, using relevant subject terminology.

Key skills: linguistic analysis, structural analysis, literary terminology, authorial intent
AO3 Reading

Compare writers’ ideas and perspectives, as well as how these are conveyed, across two or more texts.

Key skills: comparative analysis, perspective identification, cross-textual evaluation
AO4 Reading

Evaluate texts critically and support this with appropriate textual references.

Key skills: critical evaluation, judgment formulation, textual referencing
AO5 Writing

Communicate clearly, effectively and imaginatively, adapting tone, style and register for different forms, purposes and audiences.

Key skills: creative writing, transactional writing, structural organization, cohesion
AO6 Writing

Use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures for clarity, purpose and effect, with accurate spelling and punctuation.

Key skills: SPaG (Spelling, Punctuation, and Grammar), vocabulary range, sentence variety

Mathematics

Key Stage 4 (Years 10-11)

AO1 Mathematical Procedures

Use and apply standard techniques: recall facts, terminology and definitions; use and interpret notation; and perform routine procedures or set tasks and multi-step procedures.

Key skills: calculation, notation interpretation, algorithmic application
AO2 Reasoning and Communication

Reason, interpret and communicate mathematically: make deductions, inferences and draw conclusions from mathematical information; construct chains of reasoning; and use mathematical language and symbols.

Key skills: logical deduction, proof construction, mathematical communication
AO3 Problem Solving

Solve problems within mathematics and in other contexts: translate problems in mathematical or non-mathematical contexts into a process or series of mathematical processes.

Key skills: modeling, contextual problem solving, strategic thinking
MA.N Number

Structure and calculation; fractions, decimals and percentages; measures and accuracy.

Key skills: standard form, surds, limits of accuracy, compound interest
MA.A Algebra

Notation, vocabulary and manipulation; graphs; solving equations and inequalities; sequences.

Key skills: quadratic equations, simultaneous equations, transformation of functions

Combined Science

Key Stage 4 (Years 10-11)

AO1 Knowledge and Understanding

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of: scientific ideas; scientific techniques and procedures.

Key skills: recall, description, definition
AO2 Application

Apply knowledge and understanding of: scientific ideas; scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures.

Key skills: contextual application, explanation, hypothesizing
AO3 Analysis and Evaluation

Analyse information and ideas to: interpret and evaluate; make judgements and draw conclusions; develop and improve experimental procedures.

Key skills: data interpretation, experimental design, evidence evaluation
WS Working Scientifically

The development of scientific thinking, experimental skills, strategies, and analysis/evaluation.

Key skills: risk assessment, measurement precision, peer review awareness

History

Key Stage 4 (Years 10-11)

AO1 Knowledge and Understanding

Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the key features and characteristics of the periods studied.

Key skills: factual recall, chronological awareness, period characterization
AO2 Historical Concepts

Explain and analyse historical events and periods studied using second-order historical concepts.

Key skills: causation, consequence, continuity and change, significance
AO3 Sources

Analyse, evaluate and use sources (contemporary to the period) to make substantiated judgements, in the context of historical events studied.

Key skills: utility analysis, reliability evaluation, contextualization
AO4 Interpretations

Analyse, evaluate and make substantiated judgements about interpretations (including how and why interpretations may differ) in the context of historical events studied.

Key skills: historiographical analysis, differing perspectives, evidence-based judgment

Implementation Notes

GCSEs are typically taught over two years (Years 10 and 11). Schools choose specifications from different exam boards (AQA, Edexcel, OCR, WJEC/Eduqas) which all follow the same DfE subject content but differ in exam structure and specific topics (e.g., specific history periods or literature texts). Tiering exists in some subjects (Mathematics, Science, MFL) where students sit either Foundation (Grades 1-5) or Higher (Grades 4-9) papers.

Assessment

Assessment is primarily through linear terminal examinations at the end of Year 11. Grading in England uses a 9-1 scale (9 being highest). A 'Standard Pass' is a Grade 4, and a 'Strong Pass' is a Grade 5. Some subjects like Art or Drama include Non-Examined Assessment (NEA), and Science requires the completion of 'Required Practicals'.

About This Standard
Added:
January 13, 2026

This standard was generated using AI with grounded search to find official, accurate information. While we strive for accuracy, please verify important details with official sources.

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