Objective

By the end of this lesson, the student will be able to understand and explain how various African empires utilized geometric concepts such as angles, quadrilaterals, area, triangles, the Pythagorean theorem, circles, 3D figures, volume, surface area, and scale drawings in their architecture, art, and daily life. The student will also create a PowerPoint presentation outlining these concepts along with engaging art projects that illustrate their learning.

Materials and Prep

• Paper (for drawing and notes)
• Pencils and erasers
• Ruler (for straight lines and measuring)
• Colored pencils or markers
• Access to a computer with PowerPoint for project creation
• Books or internet access for research on African empires and geometry

Before starting the lesson, ensure the student has a basic understanding of geometric terms and concepts. Familiarize them with the specific empires they will be studying, such as the Mali, Ghana, and Songhai empires.

Activities

• Research and Outline Creation:

  The student will research how African empires used geometry in their architecture and art. They will create an outline for their PowerPoint presentation, including sections on each geometric concept and examples from the empires studied.

• Art Project 1 - Geometric Patterns:

  The student will design a piece of art inspired by the geometric patterns found in African textiles or architecture. They will use shapes such as triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles to create a visually appealing design.

• Art Project 2 - Scale Drawing:

  The student will create a scale drawing of a famous structure from one of the African empires, such as the Great Mosque of Djenné. They will use a ruler to measure and draw the structure to scale on paper.

• Art Project 3 - 3D Model:

  The student will build a simple 3D model of an architectural feature, such as a pyramid or a hut, using paper. They will calculate the volume and surface area of their model and present it as part of their PowerPoint.

Talking Points

• "Geometry was essential in the construction of impressive structures in African empires, showcasing their advanced understanding of shapes and space."
• "Angles and quadrilaterals were commonly used in the design of buildings, allowing for stability and aesthetic appeal."
• "The Pythagorean theorem helped architects determine the right angles needed for constructing strong frameworks."
• "Circles were often used in designs of courtyards and ceremonial spaces, symbolizing unity and completeness."
• "3D figures played a significant role in the creation of tombs and monuments, where volume and surface area were crucial for design."
• "Scale drawings allowed builders to visualize and plan their structures accurately before construction began."