Objective

By the end of this lesson, the student will design and create a parachute using everyday materials. They will learn about the principles of aerodynamics, gravity, and the scientific method through hands-on experimentation and creative expression.

Materials and Prep

• Plastic bag (e.g., grocery bag or sandwich bag)
• String or yarn
• Scissors
• Paper (for drawing designs and writing observations)
• Weights (e.g., small toys, coins)
• Measuring tape or ruler (optional)

Before starting the lesson, ensure the student understands basic concepts of gravity and air resistance. Discuss the importance of testing and modifying designs in engineering.

Activities

• Design Phase:

  The student will sketch their parachute design on paper, considering factors such as size, shape, and materials. Encourage them to think about how different designs might affect the parachute's performance.

• Construction:

  Using the materials provided, the student will construct their parachute. They will cut the plastic bag to the desired size, attach strings to the corners, and prepare a weight to test the parachute.

• Testing:

  The student will conduct a series of drop tests from various heights. They will observe how the parachute behaves and record the time it takes to reach the ground. Encourage them to adjust their design based on their observations.

• Reflection and Improvement:

  After testing, the student will reflect on their parachute's performance. They will discuss what worked well, what didn’t, and how they might improve their design for better results.

Talking Points

• "What do you think happens to an object when it falls? This is related to gravity, which pulls everything towards the Earth."
• "Air resistance is a force that acts against gravity. How do you think a parachute uses air resistance to slow down a falling object?"
• "In engineering, we often go through a design process. Can you tell me what steps we should take to create a successful parachute?"
• "As you test your parachute, pay attention to its shape and size. How do these factors affect its performance?"
• "Every great invention starts with trial and error. What changes will you make to improve your parachute based on your tests?"